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1、考研英语长难句重难点详解分析That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball quickly disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces （iron being much stronger than bronze）.先找生词。device 策略;structural 结构上的;compr
2、omise 折中;cannonball 炮弹球；sculptor雕刻家;internal 内在的;braces 支架;iron 铁;再找主干。本句是主从复合句。主干：that is clear from the fact; that弓I导的 主语从句+同位语从句；this device （从句主语） was （系动词）a necessary structural compromise （表语），这种策略在结构上做了必要的折中； That （主语）is （系动词）clear （表语）from the fact （状语）， （我们）清楚地从这样的事实中看到：the cannonball （主语）q
3、uickly disappeared （谓语）,这个炮弹 球很快就不见了；（同位语从句中的状语从句）when sculptors （主语）learned （谓 语）how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces （状语），当雕刻家们知道如何用铁架子加强雕塑的内部结构 时；iron being much stronger than bronze （插入语）,铁比铜要更加 坚固；句子翻译。这种策略在结构上做了必要的折中（我们）清楚地从这样的事实中 看到：当雕刻家们知道如何用铁架子加强雕塑的内部结构时（铁比铜
4、要 更加坚固），这个炮弹球很快就不见了。补充：For example, in the early Italian Renaissance, bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof.生词Renaissance 文艺复兴;raised 抬起的;foreleg 前腿;hoof（马）蹄;比如，在意大利文艺复兴早期，铜雕马抬起的前腿蹄子下面通常有一只 炮弹球。Although we now tend to refer to the various crafts acco
5、rding to the materials used to construct them-clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal-it was once common to think of crafts in terms of function, which led to their being known as the applied arts.先找生词。tend to倾向于;refer to涉及;various各种各样的;crafts工艺品; materials 材料;construct 构建;clay 粘土 ; fiber 纤维;in terms of
6、 在某方面;led to ( lead to )导致； applied实用的;再找主干。本句是主从复合句。主干：to think of crafts was once common ; 语法：although引导的让步状语从句；主句是it开头作为形式主语， 真正的主语是to think of crafts ;后面又加了一个which引导的非限 制定语从句。Although we（主语）now tend to refer to（ i胃语）the various crafts （宾语）according to the materials （状语）used to construct them （定语
7、,修饰 materials ） -clay, glass, wood, fiber, and metal （作为materials的同位语），尽管我们现在提及的各种工艺品是根据 不同的材料制作而成例如粘土，坡璃，木材，纤维以及金属； it （形式主语）was （系动词）once common （表语）to think of crafts in terms of function （真正的主语），（但是）根据功能来考 虑在当时是很常见的；which（主语，指代前面说的用功能来考虑）led t。（谓语）their being known （宾语）as the ”叩plied arts”（宾补）.这
8、就是实用艺术”；句子翻译。尽管我们现在提及的各种工艺品是根据不同的材料制作而成例如 粘土，坡璃，木材，纤维以及金属，但是根据功能来考虑在当时是很常 见的，（因此）被称之为实用艺术。Friedrich Engels, however, predicted that women would be liberated from the “social, legal, and economic subordination“ of the family by technological developments that made possible the recruitment of the whol
9、e female sex into public industry.”先找生词。predicted 预言 Jiberated 解放;legal 法律:subordination 附属; recruitment 招聘;再找主干。本句是主从复合句，宾语从句中又嵌套了一个定语从句。Friedrich Engels （主语）,however, predicted （谓语）,然而弗里 德里希恩格斯预言；women （宾语从句的主语）would be liberated （谓语，被动语态） from the social, legal, and economic subordination of the
10、family by technological developments （状语），女性将会通过技术 发展从社会，法律和经济的附属地位中解放出来；（定语从句）that（主语，指代 technological developments ） made （谓语）possible （间接宾语）the recruitment （ made 直接宾语） of “the whole female sex into public industry/（定语修饰 recruitment）,技术发展使得公共行业招聘所有女性成为可能。语法 原本应该是made sth possible，但是本句中的sth成分有些长， recruitment后面有一串长长的定语修饰,如果按照原来的语序就会变 成:that made the recruitment of “the whole female sex into public industry possible。显然这不符合英语的写作习惯，所以就将 possbile直接放在了 made后面。句子翻译。然而弗里德里希恩格斯预言技术发展使得公共行业招聘所有女性成 为可能，（这意味着）女性将会通过技术发展从“社会，法律和经济的 附属地位中解放出来。