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1、山东省2021届高三开学质量检测英语试卷总分值：150分考试时长：120分钟考前须知：1 .答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡上。2 .答复选择题时，选出每题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。答复非选择题时，将答案写 在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。3 .考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一局部 听力（共两节，总分值30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上 的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题；每题分，总分值分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三
2、个选项中选 出最正确选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来答复有关小题和阅读下 一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will （he woman do this evening?A. Have dinner with Mike.B. Go out with her parents.C. Stay at home with her brother.【答案】C【解析】原文） M: Sally, I wondered if youd like to have dinner with me this evening.W: Oh, Im sorry, Mi
3、ke. My parents are out so Im staying in to lake care of my little brother.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】How does the woman keep in touch with her family?A. By making phone calls.B. By sending postcards.C. By using theInternet.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M: Whats Sara doing in that shop?W: Shes buying some postcards to send
4、 to her family.M: Really? I prefer to make phone calls.希教授的电子邮件，鼓励他申请贝尔法斯特的政治博士学位。他用自己的努力完成了人生的 逆袭。【24题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文Emanual never thought would be possible可知，皇后区历史、人类学、 哲学和政治学院副校长鼓励他申请贝尔法斯特的政治博士学位，这是一个让人难以置信的 时刻。pinch-mc意为“难以置信的应选B。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段 Wha（ followed was a childhood with uncertainty
5、as Emanuel was passed between the adoption system and family members.（伊曼纽尔在收养系统和家庭成员之间 度过了一个不确定的童年。）可知，他在童年时期曾经被亲戚们收养。应选C。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第五段 Fortunately, the government backed him, having created a policy allowing disadvantaged persons to access funding for higher education.（幸运的是，政府支持他， 制定了一项政策，允许
6、弱势群体获得高等教育资金J可知，伊曼纽尔通过获得政府的资助来 支付他的大学学费。应选D。【27题详解】推理判断题。文章主要讲述了伊曼纽尔在童年时期就失去了父母，在收养系统和家庭成员之 间度过了一个不确定的童年。后来他决心改变这一切，他全身心地投入到学校的学习中一一 在业余时间，他尽一切可能来赚取额外的学费。最后，在政府的资助下完成了大学学业。他 以一等荣誉学位毕业于西印度群岛大学，并继续攻读硕上学位。最后收到理查德英格利希 教授的电子邮件，鼓励他申请贝尔法斯特的政治博士学位。他用自己的努力完成了人生的逆 袭。因此文章的主要目的是为了告诉我们：你就是你生命的主人。应选C。CParents aro
7、und the world often urge children over and over-wash your hands! It can be difficult, however, to get children to remember to wash. But what if washing hands was connected to a fun creative activity? What if instead of simply reaching for the soap, a machine could drop it right into your hands?Well,
8、 such a machine was recently built by a boy and his sister in the U.S. state of Maryland as pail of a creative compctition.Thc not-for-profit Rube Goldberg Organization is holding the competition.Every year, the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific task, considering inventions that use compl
9、ex systems to carry out a simple everyday task. At first, the task for 2021 was supposed to be “turn on a light. But when the COVID-19 happened, the task was changed to drop a bar of soap into someones hand.”Those taking part in the competition are schoolchildren. But with schools closed to slow the
10、 spread of the virus, organizers changed the rules. This year, the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of the machines to compete. One thing has not changed: The machine must complete the task in less than 10 steps.In Maryland, the Diel family wanted to en
11、ter. So, Caitlin and her brother Ben designed and built their own Rube Goldberg machine. Next, they had to demonstrate that it could complete the task-throwing the soap just right to be caught in someones hand. After 106 failed attempts, they finally had success. With their video demonstration, they
12、 can now enter the competition.Dr Anne Glowinski teaches child psychiatry (精神病学)at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. She said that creativity and play connects with children. It is better than the message. uWe have to wash our hands because of this horrible virusz，. Glowinski ad
13、ded.28. What might be a task of inventions assigned by the Rube Goldberg competition?A. Sweeping the floor. B. Exploring nature. C. Writing a novel. D. Painting the house.29. What change has been made to the rules of the competition this year?A. AH kinds of inventions arc admitted.B. A video of (he
14、entry is qualified to enter.C. Teachers are encouraged to gel involved.D. The task must be finished within 10 steps.30. What does Glowinski think of the invention?A. Practical.B. Unnecessary.C. Economical.D.Complicated.31. Whats the purpose of the text?A. lb advocate the habit of washing hands.B. To
15、 call on school children (o compete in a contest.C. To encourage more inventions from everyday items.D. lb introduce a contest making handwashing fun for kids.【答案】28. A 29. B 30. A 31. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了美国马里兰州的一个男孩和他的妹妹参加了一个由非盈利 性的RubcGoldberg组织举办的比赛，制造了这样一台机器，它能够把一块肥皂丢到某人手上， 解决了孩子们洗手难的问题。【28题详解】推
16、理判断题。根据文章第三段 Every year, the Rube Goldberg competition assigns a specific （ask, considering inventions （hat use complex systems to carry out a simple everyday task.（每年，鲁布 戈 德堡竞赛都会分配一个特定的任务，考虑使用更杂系统来完成简单口常任务的创造。）可推知, A项：sweeping the floor（扫地）属于简单的日常任务。应选A。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第四段 But with schools closed
17、to slow the spread of the virus, organizers changed the rules. This year, the team can include any family members and people were asked to send in recordings of Ihe machines locompete. 1但随着学校关闭以减缓病毒传播，组织者改变了规那 么。今年，参赛队伍可以包括任何家庭成员，参赛人员被要求提交参赛机器录音。）和第五 段 With their video demonstration, they can now en
18、ter the competition.（有 了 视频演示，他们现在 可以参加比赛了。）可知，参赛视频有资格参赛。应选B。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 She said that creativity and play connects with children. It is better than the message. uWe have to wash our hands because of this horrible virus/z . Glow inski added.（她说，“创造力和游戏”与孩子们联系在一起。它比信息更好。“因为这种可怕的病 毒，我们必须洗手。G
19、low我ski补充道。）可推知,Dr. Anne Glowinski认为这个创造很实用。 应选Ao【31题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第一段 But what if washing hands was connected to a fun creative activity? What if instead of simply reaching for the soap, a machine could drop it right into your hands?（但是， 如果洗手与一项有趣的创造性活动有关呢?如果不是简单地伸手去拿肥皂，一台机器可以直接 把它扔到你的手上会怎么样？）可推知，作者
20、的写作意图是介绍一项“让孩子有洗手的乐趣 的比赛。应选D。DLets face it.Youre likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks youre procrastinating （拖延）to leam how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticking. So why cant you seem to get rid of that?Though the psychological causes are still debated, ther
21、es a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity （时间接近）.This is often referred to as temporal discounting. For example, if I offered you$ 100 today or 110 in a month, most would take the hundred and run. But what if instead I offered you 100 dollars
22、in a year or 110 in a year and one month, you might say to yourself if I can wait a year I can wait the extra month.But the time and value difference arc the exact same in each example. It turns out that human motivation is highly influenced by how near the reward is meaning the further away the rew
23、ard is （he more you discount its value. So being online is more appealing （han preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a future one.So how do you overcome the urge to put off so many tasks?Unfortu
24、nately there is no definite answer, but try rewarding yourself with a timely snack or other enjoyable activities. The Pomodoro Technique makes use of a timer to work for 25 minutes straight and when youve done this give yourself the reward with a 5-minute break. Then start the working clock again. G
25、radually increasing （he amount of work time you put in will improve your time management skills.Its been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits. And try to enjoy the process of achieving something instead of thinking only our minutes of suffering
26、.32. What does the underlined word “that in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.This article.B.Procrastination.C.An effort.D. The clock.33. An example is given in Paragraph 2 to make the theoryA.interestingB.accurateC.understandableD. influential34. Why is surfing online more attractive to students than studying
27、?A. It helps them kill time faster.B. It offers them more information.C. It supplies instant rewards to them.1) . It strengthens the bond between friends.35. Whats a suggested solution to procrastination?A. Rewarding yourself with a future gift.B. Increasing （he amount of work time.C. Ignoring the p
28、rocess of doing the task.D. Paying dearly for your procrastination.【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D【解析】这是篇议论文。文章讲述了 些摆脱拖延症的方法。【32题详解】词句猜测题。根据第一段中 Youre likely reading this article in an effort to avoid some other tasks youre procrastinating （拖延）to learn how to stop procrastination, but the clock is ticki
29、ng. 你读这篇 文章可能是为了防止一些其他你正在拖延的任务，学习如何停止拖延，但是时间在滴答滴答 地流逝。可知，代词that指的是“拖延。应选B项。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 Though the psychological causes are still debated, theres a human tendency to over or underestimate the value of a reward based on its temporal proximity （时间接近）. This is often referred to as temporal disco
30、unting.虽然心理原因仍有争议，但人类有一种倾向，基 于其时间上的接近程度，会高估或低估奖励的价值。这通常被称为时间折现。可知，本段中 给出了一个例子，以使该理论易于理解。应选C项。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中 So being online is more appealing （han preparing for your test. The problem is surfing the Internet provides many small quick and continuous rewards unlike your test scores which are a fu
31、ture one.所以上网比备考更有吸引力。问题是上网提供了许多小的快速和 持续的奖励，不像你的考试成绩是未来的一个奖励。可知，上网比学习对学生更有吸引力是 因为它给他们提供了即时的I可报。应选C项。【35题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Its been shown that creating a costly deadline is also an effective way to manage your working habits.有证据说明，设定一个昂贵的期限也是管理工作习惯的有效方法。可知，为你的拖延付出高昂代价是对拖延症的一个建议。应选D项。第二节（共5小题；每题分，总分值分）
32、阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。SMART Goal SettingSMART goal setting is one of the most valuable methods used by high achievers today to actualize（实现）their life goals time after time. SMART is an acronym （首字母缩略词）that stands for-Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound.
33、36Every goal ought to be specific. Being clear about your goals and expectations is the first step to reaching them. 37 For example, will start planning toward retirementz， is vague. Instead, you could say. UI will start planning toward retirement by building up a nest egg. This is more specific. Wh
34、en you arc specific on your goal, its easier for you to identify all its components and work accordingly toward achieving it.38 If you cant measure something, you cant tell if youre performing well or if youre off （rack. Setting measurable goals lets you evaluate your performance and stay on track.G
35、oals should be achievable and realistic. 39 Its also important not to get too carried away and use far-fetched or unreachable goals as motivators, constantly chasing an impossibly high goal. Allow yourself to feel motivated by the satisfaction of achievement and real progress.Each goal has to be tim
36、e-bound. 40 Actually, its incredibly important to make your goals time-bound. The act of having deadlines set to your goals is a motivation that drives you into action. Without a deadline, i（ is not possible for you to know if youre making headway with your goals.A. Your goals must be measurable.B.
37、Thal is because your goals are not specific enough.C. It is the final letter of SMART that is often ignored.D. When goals are too wide or vague, they are easy to miss.E. To make your SMART goals work, use the following tips.F. You may wonder if this is achievable in the given time frame.G. Its impor
38、tant to plan out goals that arc within realistic capabilities.【答案】36. E【解析】37. D38. A39. G40. C这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 SMART设定目标是今天成功人士用来实现他们的人生目标 的最有价值的方法之一并具体介绍了 SMART这个缩略词的含义及其实现方法。【36题详解】根据 1：文 SMART is an acronym （首字母缩略词）that stands for-Specific. Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time-bound. （SMART
39、是一个缩略词，代表具体的、可衡量的、可实现的、现实的 和有时限的.）可知，设空处承上启下，引出下面的分别解释的内容。E项：To make your SMART goals work, use the following tips.（为了实现你的SMART目标,请使用以下技巧。）符合语境。 应选Eo【37题详解】本段的主题句是Every goal ought to be specific.（每个目标都应该是具体的。）结合下文For example, will start planning toward retirement，z is vague.（例如,“我将开始为退休做方案” 是模糊的。）可知
40、，设空处应该提到设置太大或者模糊的目标。D项：When goals are too wide or vague, they are easy to miss.（当目标太宽泛或模糊时，他们很容易被忽略J符合语境，应选D。【38题详解】设空处为段落主题句。结合下文 If you cant measure something, you cant tell if youre performing well or if youre。汗track.（如果你不能衡量某件事，你就无法判断自己表现得好还是偏离了轨 道。）可知，本段主要讲的是要设置可以衡量的目标。A项：Your goals must be mea
41、surable. 1你 的目标必须是可衡量的。）符合语境。应选A。【39题详解】本段主题句是Goals should be achievable and realistic.（目标应该是可实现的和现实的J,结合 下文 Its also important not to get too carried away and use far-fctchcd or unreachable goals as motivators, constantly chasing an impossibly high goal.（同样重要的是,不要过于得意忘形,不 要用遥不可及或不可到达的目标作为鼓励因素，不停地追求
42、一个不可能到达的高目标。）可知， 设空处主要讲的是设置现实的目标的重要性。G J?!： important to plan out goals that are within realistic capabilities.（在现实能力范围内制定目标是很重要的符合语境。应选G。【40题详解】本段的主题句是Each goal has to be time-bound.（每个目标都有时间限制。）可知，这是SMART 目标的最后一点。C 项：It is the final letter of SMART that is often ignored.（它是 SMART 的最后 一个字母，经常被忽略J符合
43、语境。应选C。第三局部 语言运用（共两节，总分值30分）第一节（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最 正确选项。Exercise and I have never had a good relationship due to my fear of sports. From a young age, my dad 41 me into a dozen sports. I didnt like any of them, 42.When I entered University of Regina, my dad 43 tel
44、ling me “You have to find a way to stay 44 or “You dont want to get the Freshman 15, do you?” So I 45 to give swimming a shot, but I 46 managed to go to the pool twice during the fall semester （学期）. Worse still, I was 47 to convince myself that Yeah, thats OK.Spring semester came. A friend of mine 4
45、8 me one day asking if I wanted to go to Zumba with her. All I knew about Zumba was that it was basically exercise dancing to Latin and pop songs. It didnt sound too bad, but I couldnt be 49.I went, and that was it. Zumba became my 50 of tea. The instructor would always say:“Dont worry about the ste
46、ps. Have fun. Do your own thing. That removed my 51 aboutsports. 1 didnt have to be 52. I didnt even have to be good. I just need to 53the music and move. Zumba did 54 me from the Freshman 15, but it also did so muchmore. It let me make 55 with my unpleasant past with physical fitness, and enjoy sta
47、yinghealthy.41.A.expectedB.allowedC.forcedD.invited42.A.thereforeB.thoughC.insteadD.besides43.A.avoidedB.riskedC.regretted【）.kept44.A.in shapeB.for funC.at case1）.onbusiness45.A.refusedB.happenedC.botheredD.decided46.A.hardlyB.merelyC.constantlyD.gradually47.A.eagerB.contentC.embarrassedD.disappoint
48、ed48.A.teasedB.comfortedC.approachedI）.annoyed49.A.happyB.proudC.carefulI）.sure50.A.cupB.partC.shareD.mouth51.A.curiosityB.passionC.scareD.confidence【解析】52.A.perfectB.enthusiasticC.adorable1).ambitious53.A.acceptB.feelC.displayD.compare54.A.witnessB.separateC.discourageD.save55.A.troubleB.senseC.peaceD.co