英语语法：状语从句八大类型的区分以及知识点讲解.docx

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1、英语语法：状语从句八大类型的区分以及知识点讲解N0.1副词作状语副词作状语句子副连接副词特别副词词actuallybesides,meanwhile,then,therefore,thus,enough,too,v,however,otherwise,so,yetery,muchappare ntly, certainlY, clearly, definiteevidently, fortuna1 .原因Overjoyed , he rushed out of the house .Much interested , he agreed to give it a try .Afraid of

2、difficulties ,they prefer to take the easy road .2 .时间Ripe ( When ripe ) z these apples are sweet .3 .伴随或方式He spent 7days in the wind and snow z cold and hungry .Helpless,we watched the house being destroyed before our eyes .二、可用作伴随状语的几种方式1 .形容词They all rushed up , eager to help .She returned to wor

3、k , unhappy .2 .现在分词I dont like to sit here doing nothing .He rushed out , even forgetting to take his overcoat .3 .过去分词Accompanied by the professor, he spent several days doing experiments one after another .4 .介词短语I said it in fun .5 .名词短语Theory should go hand in hand with practice .6 .独立结构He lay

4、on his back , his hands crossed under his head .The teacher came in , book in hand .With the old man leading , they two started toward the mountain .Now he could walk only with his brother supporting一般情况下，由副词在句子中作状语,用与修饰动词；修饰 形容词或者副词；或者修饰整个句子。但是对于形容词作状语这 一现象，很多同学难以理解，实际上，形容词作状语的现象是不 少见。该形容词通常用来说明主语的

5、情况，常常可以单独或者引 起一短语作状语；可以表示原因,也以表示动作的情况或者方方 式，或者表原因。1、Afraid of being caught , the thief hid himself under a bed.因为害怕被抓，这个小偷藏在床下面。2、Unable to answer the question ,the students keep silent.因为不能回答该问题，这些学生保存沉默。表动作的情况或者方式3、He approached us full of apologies.他满口歉意地向我们走来。4、Dressed in white , the lady came i

6、nto the doctors office.这位小姐穿着白衣走进这位医生的办公室。N0.4状语从句的八大类型状语的八大类型时间状语地点状原因条件状让步从句语从句状语语从句状语从句从句when,aftewhere,abecaif,unlessalthor,before,awheresuse,supposiugh.ts,as soonver,anyas,sing,provihougas,as longwherelince,iding,ash,eveas,since,wknlong asnhenever,oecase等thoug目的比 状语较 从句状 和结语 果状从 语从句 句soththat,a

7、suchnthat,i,ansordeh,whil r e,whe that, reas othe rwis e,els enee,now,that,everyatime,eachstime,theif moment,i mmediate lyjnstantl y,directly 等1 .时间状语从句由连词引起：(whereafter,before,as,as soon as,as longas,since,whenever,once )E.g. When we lived in town we often went to the theater.It was a long time bef

8、ore I got to sleep again.As the sun rose the fog dispersed.少数不由连词引起状语从句。(now that,every time,each time,the moment,immediatelyjnstantly,directly)EgI had no sooner checked in the hotel than he arrived.2 .地点状语从句(where,whereverzanywhere)E.g. The church was built where there had once been a roman temple.

9、Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.3 .方式状语从句一般由 as , like , as if 引起。E.g. I am as you can image short of money.正如你能想象的 那样，我很缺钱。I did as she asked.Do it as he does.I feel just like I did when I was a boy.I remember the whole thing as if it happened yesterday.He glanced about as if in search of so

10、mething.4 .原因状语从句一般由 because,aszsincezin case,E.g. He was angry because we were late.As the soup was very salty, we were thirsty afterwards.He took a spoonful and tasted it in case it was hotSeeing that it is ten o clock, we shall not wait for her any longer.5 .条件状语从句一般由 if , unless,supposing, provi

11、ding,as long as, granted that引起。E.g. We sat on the grass if it was fine.If I could afford it, I would buy a boat.If necessary, ring me at home.Supposing he can t come, who will do the work?6 .让步状语从句主要由 although, though, even though, while,whereasoE.g. Though we are poor, we are still happy.Some prai

12、se him, whereas others condemn him.Though not large, the room was well lit.目的状语从句和结果状语从句 主要由 so that,such that, in order that,otherwise,else.E.g. Let s take the front seats that we may see more clearly.Give me back the money, otherwise F II ring the police.Hurry up or else you II be late.7 .比拟状语从句主要

13、由than ,as引起。E.g. You sing better than I do.I haven t done as much as I should have liked.单项填空he s old, he can still carry this heavy bag.A. Though B. Since C. For D. So-Do you know if he to play basket ball with us?-I think he will come if he free tomorrow.A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come

14、; is D. will come; will beIn the zoo if a child into the water and can t swim,the dolphins may come up him.A. will fall; to help B. falls; to help C. will fall; help D. falls; helpingdon7 t remember he worked in that city whenhe was young.A. what B. which C. where D. whoWe will stay at home if my au

15、nt to visit ustomorrow.A. comes B. come C. will come D. is comingThe police asked the children cross the streetthe traffic lights turned green.A. not; before B. don, t; when C. not to; until D. not; afterwas late for class yesterday there wassomething wrong with my bike.A. when B. that C. until D. b

16、ecauseT II go swimming with you if I free tomorrow.A. will be B. shall be C. am D. wasIn the exam, the you are,themistakes you will make.A. careful; little B. more careful; fewest C. more careful; fewer D. more careful; lessYou should finish your lessons you go out toplay.A. before B. after C. when

17、D. while答案：1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.C 9.C 10.A一、同位语从句与定语从句的相似点 tely, frankly, honestlV, luckily, obvious ly, perhapspossiblyiprobably, surely, undoub tedly, unexpe ctedly(1)句子副词:句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单个的词)，反映说话人 的观点和看法。如 actually,叩parently, certainly, clearly,.同位语从句与定语从句都可以译成定语同位语从句：The news that o

18、ur team has won the final match is encouraging.我们队取得决赛胜利的消息令人鼓舞。定语从句：The news that you told us is really encouraging.你告诉我们的消息真的令人鼓舞。1 .同位语从句与定语从句都可以用that引导同位语从句：The suggestion that students should learn something practical is worth considering.学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。定语从句：The suggestion that is worth con

19、sidering is that the students should learn something practical.值得考虑的建议是学生应该学些实用的东西。2 .同位语从句与定语从句和其它名词性从句一样也要用 陈述语序同位语从句：Have you any idea where have they gone ?（语序错 误）Have you any idea where they have gone?你知道他 们去哪里了吗？定语从句：Do you remember the day when did you join our club?（语序错误）Do you remember the

20、day when you joined our club?你记得自己什么时候参加我们俱乐部的吗？二.同位语从句的独特用法 虽然同位语从句与定语从句有以上相似之处,但是有些用法是同位语从句独有的，不能用于定语从句。这些用法包括：1 .同位语从句有时也可以用whether来引导，但是定语从 句那么一般不用whether来引导。例如：The problem (of) whether they could finish the project is very important.他们是否能够按期完成那个工程,这个问题非常重要。2 .某些名词后的同位语从句，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气 形式:(should)

21、 +动词原形。常见的名词有advice, suggestion, order, demand, proposal, request等。例如：The advice that he (should) be invited to the party was taken.邀请他到晚会的建议被采纳了。三.同位语从句与定语从句的区分方法.从句与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句从语义角度看， 同位语从句与先行词之间存在的是同位或等同的关系，例 如:（the president Liu Fang ）而定语从句与先行词之间存在的是所属关系，表示 的，起修饰限定作用。例如：同位语从句：The news tha

22、t she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.她考试及格的消息使她父母很高兴。（that之后是news 的具体内容）定语从句：The news that he told us interested all of us.他告 诉我们的消息使大家都感兴趣。（that之后是对news的解 释）.从引导词的作用区分同位语从句与定语从句从语法角度来看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起语 法作用，用来连接同位语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分；而引导定语从句的that是关系 代词，它除了起引导从句的语法作用之外，还要在从句中充 当句子成分主要是

23、作主语或宾语。例如：同位语从句：The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody .他实验成功这个事实使我们大家很高兴。（that只起连接作 用）定语从句：The fact that （which） we talked about is very important .我们所谈论的那个事实很重要。（that在从句中作about的 宾语）.从先行词的词性区分同位语从句与定语从句从先行词的词性来看，同位语从句的先行词多数为抽象名 词，而定语从句的先行词可以是名词，也可以是代词。例如： 同位语从句:There is no d

24、oubt that the price of wheat will go up.毫无疑问，小麦的价格将会上涨。（doubt为抽象名词）定语从句：Those who were against the plan raised their hands.那些反对这个计划的人举起了手。（Those为代词）.从that可否省略区分同位语从句与定语从句从that可否省略来看，同位语从句的that一般不可以省略，但是定语从句中的关系代词如果在从句中充当宾语，在非 正式用语中常常可以将关系代词that省略。例如：同位语从句：We heard the news that our volleyball team h

25、ad won the match.我们听说了我们排球队获胜的消息。（that不可省略） 定语从句：This is the book （that） F m looking for.这是我要找的那本书。（that作for的宾语，可以省略）.从引导词与先行词的关系区分同位语从句与定语从句 who, which, what, when, why, how, where 等词者B可以 用来引导同位语从句，但它们的用法和用作关系代词或关系 副词时引导定语从句的用法不同：引导同位语从句的关联 词是对先行词的具体内容进行进一步的解释说明,与先行 词不存在指代关系；而引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词 不但在从句

26、中充当成分,而且与其修饰的先行词指代的是 同一个人或者事物。例如：同位语从句：He has solved the problem why the radio was out of order.他解决了收音机为何出故障的问题。（why引导的是同位语从 句）定语从句：The reason why he was late for class is quite clear.他上课迟到的原因显而易见。（why引导的是定语从句） 综上所述，尽管同位语从句与定语从句有诸多相似之处，但只要同学 们掌握正确的方法，勤加练习，搞清同位语从句与定语从句 之间的区别并不是一件很困难的事情。definitely, ev

27、idently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly 等。作用以及位置：句子副词通常位于句首（或分句句首）。Eg:Obviously he cant tell the difference between them.显然 他无法区别两者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed.我 迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出

28、现句中。eg : He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didnt他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语 义的变化：Clearly he didnt say so.显然他没有这样说。（句子副词）He didnt say so clearly.他说得没有那么清楚。（方式副词）(2)起连词作用的副词连接副词就是连接词，如 besides ,meanwhile ,then, therefore, thus, However,Otherwise, so, yet 等。作用以及位置：

29、常放在两个句子中间，前面为逗号，后面放连接词，从句之前。注意：so也可放在形容词之前做修饰，yet可放句尾或从句之 前。特别副词特别副词分别为enough, too, very , much等考前须知：1.1 Enough放在形容词和副词后，too放在前面。Eg: She s old enough to do some work.She s too old to do any work.1.2 Very修饰形容词、副词；much修饰动词(以及动词比拟 级)Eg : Your work is very good.This is much better.NO.2介词短语作状语、Be+形容词+介词介

30、词短语状语常用介词in,at,by,without,for,because of 等(1)例句讲解:1 .介词短语作地点状语We live in Hangzhou.我们住在杭州。2 .介词短语作时间状语She got here at four.她在4点到这儿的。3 .介词短语作方式状语They came here by train.他们乘火车来这儿。4 .介词短语作原因状语The game was postponed because of rain. 因为下雨运动会被推迟了。5 .介词短语作条件状语There will be no living things without water. 没有

31、水就没有生物。6 .介词短语作目的状语He ran for shelter.他跑去避雨。7 .介词短语作让步状语They play football in spite of the rain.他们冒雨踢足球。8 .介词短语作程度状语To what extent would you trust them?你对他们信任程度如何？(2) Be +形容词+介词6个常用be+形容词+from结构Be absent from 缺席，不在,be different from 与不同，be far from 离远，远远不Be free from没有，免受,be safe from没有的危险,betired f

32、rom因而疲劳18个常用be+形容词+for结构Be anxious for 渴望，be bad for 对有害,对不利 bebound for 前往Be celebrated for 以知名,be convenient for 对方便,在附近Be eager for 渴望,be famous for 因闻名,be fit for 合适,适合Be good for 对有益（方便）,be grateful for 感谢，behungry for渴望得到Be late for 迟至! ,be necessary for M有必要,be ready for为准备好Be sorry for 因 抱歉，

33、be suitable for 对合适（适宜），bethankful for因而感激be well-known for 以知名12个常用be+形容词+in结构Be concerned in 与有关，be disappointed in 对（某人）感至！失望,be engaged in 从事于力亡于 zbe experienced in 在方面有经验，be expert in在方面是行家，be fortunate in 在 方面幸运，be honest in在 方面老实，be interested in对感兴趣，be lack in缺乏，be rich in富于，在方面 富有，be succes

34、sful in在方面成功,be weak in在方面不行16个常用“be+形容词+。F结构Be afraid of 害怕，be ashamed of 为 感至！羞，隗，be aware 0f 意识到，知道，be capable of 能够，可以，be careful of/J 心，留心,be certain of确信 对有把握,be fond of喜欢,befree of没有 摆脱be full of充满,be glad of为而高兴,be nervous of 害怕，be proud of 为自豪,be short of 缺乏,besure of 肯定,有把握,be tired of 对厌烦

35、,be worthy of 只得，配得上19个常用“be+形容词+to结构Be accustomed to 习惯于，be blind to 对 视而不见,be close to 靠近，接近,be devoted to 南犬身，专心于,be equal to 等于,能胜任，be familiar to为（某人）所熟悉,be harmful to 又寸 有危害，be important to对 重要,be open to对 开放，易受到，be opposed to反对，不赞成，be opposite to 在对面，和相反,be polite to对有礼貌,be related to与有关（是亲戚）,be respectful to尊敬,be rude to对 无礼,be similar to与相似，be true to忠实于，信守，be used to习惯于,be useful to对有用NO.3形容词及分词（短语）作状语形容词作状语的情况形容词除了常见的在句中作定语、表语和宾语补足语外，也 可像副词一样在句中作状语。