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1、专题10名词性从句高考分析名词性从句是高考常考的语法工程，主要考查对连接词的正确把握.分析历年高 考试题不难发现，连接代词what的用法是考查的热点.另外同位语从句中，经常考 查that的用法.除此之外，it作形式主语和形式宾语代替主语从句和宾语从句其 他连接词的用法以及从句的语序也时有考查.名词性从句概览名词性从名词性从类别连接词语序：陈述句语序主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句连接词连接代词连接副词二、语法详解名词性从句相当于名词，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语和同位语，分别为主语从句、宾语从 句、表语从句、同位语从句.能够相当于名词作用的句子主要有三类:陈述句、一般疑问句 以及特殊疑问句.因
2、此,名词从句可简单概括为这样一句话:名词从句就是用三种句子来分别 充当另外一个句子的四种句子成分.这即是名词从句的本质特征.以下表格给出了名词从句的引导词与简单句之间的对应关系.请注意这些名词从句的连接词 的用法特点.2 .解析:thatf where分析句子结构可知，介词to之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺 少地点状语，故用where引导.3 .解析:how-what分析句子结构可知引导主语从句的连接词在从句中作宾语，所以 不能用how,应该用what引导.4 .解析:whichf what分析句子结构可知，介词of之后为宾语从句，而宾语从句中缺 宾语,故用what引导.5 .解析:thatf
3、 what引导主语从句的连接词在从句中作do的宾语,故不能用that引 导,应该用what.6 .解析:去掉it分析句子成分可知what引导的从句为宾语从句，在从句中作主语， 与it作主语重复，故去掉it.7 .解析:fact后加that根据句子结构可知fact后的从句为同位语从句，从句句子成 分完整，用that引导不可省略.8 .解析:去掉that分析句子成分可知review后的从句为宾语从句，出现两个引导词， 故需去掉其中之一,分析从句可知从句的引导词需要作宾语,故去掉that.9 .解析:what-wh。 根据句意可知，引导从句的引导词指的是人,故用who来引导.10 .解析:thatf
4、 because分析句意可知,表语从句句子成分完整，但句意不完整,缺少 原因状语,故应将that该为because.注意：1 .对于陈述句，连接词that是后来添加上去的,此时的that自然不充当从句里的任何成分, 而且也没有任何意义，只起连接主句和从句的作用.2 .对于一般疑问句,连接词whether/if也是后来添加上去的，目的是为了保存句子的疑问 意义,有“是否”的含义,即whether/if是有意义的,这不同于that.与that相同的 是,whether/if也不充当任何句子成分.3 .对于特殊疑问句,我们不需要添加任何连接词，因为特殊疑问词就充当了连词,从而变成了 相应的连接词.但
5、关键是,我们需要把倒装语序还原成陈述语序.这些特殊疑问词都是在句中 充当各种成分的，比方连接代词可以充当主语、宾语或表语，而连接副词那么充当状语.例句：1. That everything in the world changes was often a theme in poetry of the Romantic Movement.（主语从句）I asked her whether she had looked at a map yet.（宾语从句）2. He is not what he was a few years ago.（表语从句）I have no idea what he s
6、 talking about.（同位语从句）（-）名词性从句的引导词引导词引导词连接词that、if、whetherwhat who whom which whose whatever whoever whomever whicheverwhen、why where how whenever wherever、 however(二)引导词的用法(二)引导词的用法无词义、不作成份、起连接作用“是否”、不作成份、起连接作用”、不作成份、 起连接作用(1)以that引导的从句1 .主语从句：that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:句型例句It+be+形容词(obvious, true
7、, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, probable 等)+that从句It+be+名词(词组)(no wonder, an honor, a pity, no surprise 等)+that从句It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, suggested 等)+that从句It is certain that she will do well inher exam.It is surprise that our team has won thega
8、me.It is said that Mr. Green has arrived inBeijing.2. that从句作宾语从句(常可省略that)Do you know(that) he has joined the army?1. that引导的宾语从句有宾补时,经常用it作形式宾语,将that引导的宾语从句 后置.makethink+it+宾补+that 从句consider 等例句：He has made it clear that he wi 11 not give in.2. that引导的宾语从句一般不跟在介词后.如果需要，一般先用it作形式宾语. 例句：You may dep
9、end on it that I shal 1 always help you.3. that引导的从句作表语从句、同位语从句4. that引导同位语从句与that引导的定语从句的区别表语从句that从句作表语从 句，that 一般不可省略.The trouble is that we are short of funds.同位语从句that从句作同位语从 句,that不可省略I didn t receive the news that the meeting had been put off.练习说出that引导的是什么从句同位语从句1 .对前面的名词起补 充说明的作用2 .同位语从句不缺任
10、 何成分The news that our football team won the match was encouraging.定语从句1 .对先行词起修饰限 制的作用2 .定语从句成分残缺The news that we heard on the radio was not true.1. My idea is that we should do it right now.2. She won t believe that he has become a thief.3. That he is a famous singer is known to us.4. I knew the ne
11、ws that our team won the match5. His suggestion is that we should finish the work at once.应注意的问题that的用法1.在主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中一般不能省略.2.在宾语从句中有时可以省略,但是要特别注意以下两种情 况：当that从句作介词宾语时,that不可省略.例如：They share little in common except that they are from the same country.当主句谓语动词后连接两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,可以省略第一个that,其他 的不能省略
12、,例如：I believe (that) you ve done your best and that things wiI 1 improve.(2)以whether/if (是否)引导的从句用法:whether可以引导主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句if可以引导不位于句首的主语从句和宾语从句1.只用whether不用if的情况注意：1.用it作形式主语把主语从句后置时,whether和if都可.情况例句引导位于句首的主语从句、 表语从句和同位语从句时Whether it is true remains a question.The question is whether we sh
13、ould go on with the work.引导为了强调而置于句首的宾语从句时Whether he will come I am not sure.Whether he is married I don t know.从句作介词或discuss的宾语时It depends on whether you can do the work well. We are discussing whether we will accecpt his offer.与or not直接连用或与or连用时I don t care whether or not he comes.It makes no diff
14、erence whether he comes or leave.后加不定式I don t know whether to go there.用if容易产生歧义时Please let me know whether you need help.2.宾语从句为否认句时,只用if不用whether.I don t care if he doesn t come.if / whether 填空:1、I asked her she had a bike.2. we will hold a party in the open airtomorrow depends on the weather.3. W
15、e re worried abouthe is safe.4. I don t know he is well or not.5. I don t know or not he is well.6. The question ishe should do it.7. The doctor can hardly answer the question the old man will recover soon.连接代词/副词引导的从句例句:连接代词what, which, who, whose, whom, whatever, whichever,whoever,whomever有词义;在从句中
16、担任成分，作主 语、表语、宾语或定语等连接副词how, when, where, why, however, whenever, wherever有词义;在从句中担任成分,作状语What worries us most is who let out the secret.1. Whoever breaks the law should be punished.2. Go and get your coat. It，s where you left it.3. I have no idea how I can get to the railway station.4. Thats why I w
17、ant you to work there.5. Wherever he goes makes his parents worry.注意:what、who 与 whatever、whoever 的区别名词性从句练习区别例句What、who是指具体的人或物，有特指的 含义I want to know what he has told you.Who made the call is not important.Whatever、whoever表示任何一个人或事 物，有泛指的含义.Whatever he likes will be given to him.Whoever did this job
18、 must be rewarded.一、单句语法填空1. （2021 新高考 I 卷）is so breathtakingabout the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.2. （2019 全国卷 I 卷）Whilethey are rare northof 88 , thereisevidence they range allthe way acrossthe Arctic, and as far south as James Bayin Canada.3. （2018 11 月浙江高考）It is possiblecaffeine m
19、ay cause birth defects （缺陷）in humans, too.4. （2017 天津高考改编）She asked me Ihad returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn，t.5. （2016 北京高考改编）The most pleasant thingof the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.6.（2016 天津高考改编）The manager put forward a suggestion we should h
20、ave an assistant. There is too much workto do.7. （2016 江苏高考改编）It is often thecase anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.8. （2018 全国卷HI） Im not sure is more frightened, me or the femalegorilla （大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere.9. （2018 北京高考改编）This is myfather has taught me 一 to a
21、lways face difficulties and hope for the best.10. （2018 北京高考改编）Without his support, wewouldn，t be we are now.11. （2018 天津高考改编）The gold medal will beawarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.12. （2018 江苏高考改编）By boat is the only wayto get here, which is we arrived.13. （2017 北京高考改编）Every year
22、, makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.14. （2017 北京高考）Jane moved aimlessly downthe tree-lined street, not knowing she was heading.15. （2017 江苏高考改编）We choose this hotelbecause the price for a night here is down to $20, half of it usedto charge.16. （2016 北京高 考改编）Your sup
23、port isimportant to our work.you can do helps.17. （2015 全国卷 n）As natural architects, thePueblo Indians figured out exactlythick the adobe walls needed tobe to make the cycle work on most days.18. （2014 广 东高考）1 didn，t understand this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the re
24、servation.1. 解析：what分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句,what引导主语从句，在主语从句中作主语.2. 解析:that分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，that引导同位语从句，对evidence的内容进行解释说明.3. 解析：that分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it作形式主语,that从句为真正的主语.4. 解析:whether/if句意:她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我成认说我还没有还.分 析句子结构可知,空格处引导宾语从句,且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；又根 据句意可知此处表示“是否，故用whether或if引导宾语从句.5. 解析:th
25、at句意：雨季最令人高兴的事情就是人们可以完全远离灰尘.分析句子结构可知,本句包含一个表语从句,且表语从句中句子结 构完整,故使用that引导表语从句，that在表语从句中不作句子成分，只起连接作用.6. 解析:that句意:经理提出了一个建议,我们应该有一个助手.工作太多了 .分析句子结构可知，空处引导同位语从句，解释说明 suggestion的具体内容，故填that.7. 解析:that句意:通常情况下,对于那些坚持希望的人来说,一切皆有可能.空处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分且意思完整，故使 用that引导.8. 解析:who分析句子成分，空格处作从句的主语，根据后面的me or t
26、he female gorilla”可知，作者把自己和大猩猩作比照，表示 “我不知道我和大猩猩谁更害怕”，故填who.9. 解析:what句意：这就是父亲教给我的一一永远面对困难并且寄予最大的希望.表语从句中动词taught缺少直接宾语，且表示“ 的东西”，故填what.10. 解析:where句意：要是没有他的帮助，我们就不会是现在的情形了.空处引导表语从句,表示的是具有抽象意义的地点,故用where引导.11. 解析:whoever句意:这块金牌将颁发给在这场自行车比赛中获得第一名的人.从句中缺主语且表示“人”，因此填whoever引导宾语从 句并在从句中作主语.12. 解析:how句意：
27、坐船是到达这里唯一的方式，我们就是这样来的.how引导表语从句，表示方式.13. 解析:whoever句意：每年,在风筝节上,制作出最漂亮风筝的人将会获奖.根据句子结构和句意可知,主语从句中缺少表示人的主语,故填 whoever.14. 解析:where句意:简在绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,不知道她要去哪里.本句考查名词性从句中的宾语从句,根据句意和句子结构可 知，宾语从句中缺少表示地点的连词，故填where.15. 解析:what句意:我们选择这家宾馆是因为这里住一晚上的价格降到了 20美元，这是 它以前要价的一半.此处考查宾语从句的引导词,在of后面what既引导宾语从句，又在 从句中作
28、charge的宾语.16. 解析:Whatever句意：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，你们做的任何事情都有帮助.根据句意和结构可知,whatever引导的是主语从 句，主语从句中缺少谓语动词do的宾语,表示事物，故用Whatever引导.17. 解析：how分析句子结构可知，空格处是一个宾语从句.空格后的thick为形容词，因此空格处应用副词,故填how.18. 解析:why根据语境可知，“我”不知道/不明白为什么会发生这样的事情.不明白的一定是原因，故用why引导宾语从句.二、单句改错1. . （2015 全国卷 H）After looking at the toy for some tim
29、e, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.2. （2016 全国卷 I ）My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.3. . How I do every day is to listen to lectures, take notes and do my homework, which seems to be endless.4. I also feel grateful to my dad just because of which h
30、e has been doing for me ever since.5. Whenever I want to see it, that I must do is to close my eyes, and it will appear in front of me.6. The police told him what it had happened: his car had been on a private parking lot and had been taken away by the police.7. To make matters worse, I had to share
31、 a double room with someone I did not know, despite the fact I had paid for a single room.8. As the College Entrance Examinations will be held in June, the students should make full use of time to review that what they have learned.9. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on what he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.10. r m afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is that he never finishes anything.答案解析1.解析:where-that或去掉where found后是一个宾语从句，不缺少句子成分且句意完整,所以不能用where,应该用that引导，that也可省略.