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1、知识集结Y主动语态表示被动语态） Y不使用被动语态的情况） 一（略口的不定式的被动语态）T情态动词的被动语态被动语态-第二讲引入别再躺着刷手机了！小伙躺着玩手机睡着牙被砸断：近日，宁夏医科大学总 医院口腔医院收治了一名牙冠断裂的年轻小伙。小伙自述，他和很多年轻人一样, 睡觉前喜欢玩一会儿手机。看着看着瞌睡来了，手不知不觉松了力气，手机滑落， 一下子重重地砸在嘴上，正中牙齿。当即觉得上门牙疼得厉害，再一摸，半颗牙 已经断了好在小伙醒目，掉落的半颗牙没扔，而是带着就医, 齿复位，修复了牙齿。模块一：过去进行时的被动语态1.概述：（1）过去进行时态的被动语态，表示过去正在进行的被动动作。例：This
2、 film was being shown at that time.那时候，这部电影正在被放映。（2）过去进行时态的被动语态一般不与表示一段时间的状语或表示次数的状语 连用，这时需要用完成时态的被动语态。毛球之前，因此，应用过去完成时，强调“过去的过去“。故填had finished。4 .考查过去分词。句意：当这对老夫妇旅行回来的时候，发现他们的房子有 人闯入。该句可以看作是“find+宾语+过去分词作宾语补足语”结构；宾语their house与break into是逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语；break 是不规则变化动词，过去分词为broken。也可以看成find后是省
3、略that的宾 语从句，从句谓语动词的动作break into发生在主句谓语动词动作found之 前，是“过去的过去“，用过去完成时；从句主语their house与break into是逻 辑上的动宾关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态had been broken0故填broken 或 had been broken。5 .考查动词时态语态。句意：到去年年底，这个地区已种了三千多棵树。根据 后文“by the end of last year”可知应用过去完成时，且主语trees和plant之间 是被动关系，故用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been planted。6 .考查动词时态。句意
4、：这是一年半以来我第一次见到我的父母。题干用到了 固定句式：It is/was the序数词time that“这是第几次做某事“，当主句中 用is时一，that从句用现在完成时；当主句中用was时，that从句用过去完成 时。故填had seen。7 .考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：我很紧张因为这是我第一次被邀请参加 开幕宴会。根据It was the first time that主语+过去完成时态+其它，及I和 invite之间是被动关系，所以句子用过去完成时态的被动语态，故填had been invited o.考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：经理很高兴地得知五分之四的票已经被 预定
5、好了。本句“车票预定”的动作发生在“经理得知”之前，为“过去的过去” 故用过去完成时.，且book与从句主语four-fifths of the tickets构成被动关系， 故从句用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been bookedo8 .考查过去完成时的被动语态。句意：他很沮丧，因为他的车受损严重。结合 句意可知，受损damage发生在was upset”之前，即过去的过去，要用过去 完成时。句子的主语his car与谓语动词damage是被动关系，要用过去完成 时的被动语态，故填had been damaged。9 .考查时态语态。句意：事故发生后，当我们到达那里时，我们被告知伤者
6、已 被送往最近的医院。由yet和前面的句子we were told that可以知道事情发生 在过去的过去，所以时态是过去完成时，且主语the injured与send之间是被 动关系，要用被动语态，且谓语动词用复数。故填had been sent。10 .考查时态语态。句意：这个小孩子很恼怒，因为他的哥哥把他的钱骗走了。 根据主句的was可知，从句动作发生在“过去的过去，应用过去完成时，且 he与cheat之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，故填had been cheated。11 .考查动词时态。句意：我们在开始下雨之前就到了那里。分析句子成分可知，设空处需填入动词形式作谓语，又根据句意可判断
7、，“到达”发生在“开始下雨” 之前，即“过去的过去”，所以应用过去完成时，故填had arrived。模块I其他.主动表示被动(1)表示主语的性质、特征的动词，read, sell, wash, write等。The cloth washes well.这个布料洗起来不错。(2)感官动词，smell, feel, taste, look, soundThis piece of music sounds good. 这首歌听起来不错。(3)某些动词后用动名词的主动形式表达被动含义，如:need, want, require, worth 等。The bike needs repairing. =
8、 The bike needs to be repaired. 自彳亍车该彳修了。(4) “主语+be+adj.+to do”结构中，to do用主动形式表达被动含义。The question is easy to answer. 这个问题容易解答。【注：被动形式表达主动含义的短语】be seated 坐着；be hidden 躲藏；be lost 迷路;be drunk 喝醉；be dressed 穿着1 .不能使用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词及不及物动词短语无被动：appear, disappear, die, fail, last(持续), happen, take place, br
9、eak out, break down, belong to, come out 等。A fire broke out during the night.昨晚发生了火灾。(2)系动词无被动，如：be, feel, sound, look, smell, taste 等。Although he is 50 years old, he looks young.尽管他已经 50 多岁了，但是他看上 去很年轻。(3)某些静态动词无被动，如：have, lack, fit, hold, suit, resemble oMy shoes dont fit me.我的鞋不合适。(4)反身代词或相互代词作宾语
10、的句子不能用被动语态。We have helped each other for over two years.我们相互帮助有两年多了。2 .省略to的不定式的被动语态一些感官动词和使役动词，如 hear, watch, see, feel, notice, listen to, look at, let, make, have等后面的宾语补足语是动词不定式时，主动语态中要省去to,但在变为 被动语态时，to要补回来。She was seen to enter the meeting room just now. 刚才有人看见他进了 会议室。The boy was made to work f
11、or two hours by him yesterday. 他昨天让这个男孩工 作了两个小时。3 .情态动词的被动语态情态动词的被动语态很简单，只需要在情态动词后+be+过去分词即可，一般习惯 与虚拟语气一起考察。Books carft be taken out of the reading room. 书不能被带出阅览室。Many people suggested us that our money should be kept safely. 许多人建议我们 的钱应该安全保管。【练4-1 (*)Do you know why glasses of this kind made in th
12、is factory(wear) so comfortably?1. The knife needs(sharp).2. They were looking fbr a place that wasnt easy(find).3. With a lot of work(do), I couldnt go to the supermarket.4. She is an ordinary woman but she is really worth(respect).5. Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it
13、 because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth(take).6. His music deserved (preserve) in the family.7. Our class(consist) of 23 girls and 29 boys.8. One major recommendation at the meeting is that these traditional customs (preserve).9. Children under 14 must be(accompany) by a
14、n adult.10. Its believed that education shouldnt(measure) only by exam results.11. The teacher agreed to the suggestion that the students(give) two weeks to prepare for the exam.12. His face(reflect) in the big mirror when he passed by.13. It has been decided that the book shall(revise).14. A new ci
15、nema(build) here. They hope to finish it next month.15. The teacher insisted that every minute(make) full use of to do the work well.16. The main stream of a river frequently (divide) into two or more branches near its mouth.17. Please make sure that all the lights(switch) off at night.18. With a lo
16、t of problems(solve), the newlyelected president will have a hard time.19. When Tracy was told her son*s illness could(cure), she left the hospital in relief.【答案】wear1. sharpening,或 to be sharpenedto find2. to do. respecting3. takingpreserving/to be preserved4. consists of(should)be preserved5. acco
17、mpaniedbe measured6. ,(should) be givenwas reflected7. be revisedis being built8. (should)be madeis divided9. are switchedto solve10. be cured【解析】.考查主动表被动和时态。句意：你知道为什么这家工厂生产的这种眼镜戴起 来很舒服吗？分析句子可知，空格处应填谓语动词，wear“穿着；戴着”用作 不及物动词，主动表被动。因为(从句主语)为复数名词glasses,句子为一 般现在时，需用动词原形。故填wear。1 .考查动名词及被动语态。句意:这把刀需要磨锋利
18、点。根据句意及所给词sharp 可知，shai-p要用它的动词形式sharpen(使锋利)；又因为空格前动词need的 特殊用法：sth need doing=sth need to be done,这里的 needs sharpening=needs to be sharpened,意为“使这把刀变得锋利”。故填 sharpening，或 to be sharpened0.考查非谓语动词。句意：他们当时在寻找一个不容易被发现的地方。由wasnt 可知find在句中应使用非谓语动词形式,find与主语place之间为被动关系， 分析句子可知此处使用的是“be +形容词+t。do ”结构，其中动
19、词不定式形式 表达被动意义，故填to find。2 .考查非谓语动词。句意：我有很多工作要做，不能去超市。分析句子可知此 处是with+宾语+宾语补足语结构，作句子的原因状语，因此d。应使用非谓 语动词形式。由句意可知工作还没有做，表示将来，所以用动词不定式表将 来，且宾语和宾补之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动形式表示被动含义。故 填 to doo.考查固定短语。句意：她是一个平凡的女人，但她真的值得尊敬。be worth doing值得做o主动表达被动。根据句意，故填respecting。3 .考查非谓语短语。句意：有时我们觉得冒点儿不必要的险是值得的，因为当 我们衡量风险和回报时，风险似乎是
20、值得冒的。be worth doing sth.值得做某 事。故填taking。4 .考查非谓语动词。句意：他的音乐值得被保留在家族中。分析句子可知，sth deserve doing (动名词用主动形式表被动含义)和deserve to be done是固定 搭配意为“值得做“，符合此处语境。故填preserving或to be preservedo.考查固定短语和时态。句意：我们班由23个女孩和29个男孩组成。consist of由组成，该短语没有被动语态也没有进行时，相当于be made up of；本句的主语是their class,在本句中表示的是一个整体，所以谓语动词使用单 数形式
21、。故填consists of。5 .考查语态。句意：会议上的一个主要建议是应该保存这些传统习俗。分析句 子可知，主语“these traditional customs与preserve”是被动关系，应用被动语 态，根据recommendation”可知，其后对它进行补充说明的同位语从句应用 虚拟语气，从句结构为that sb. should do sth.,should可以省略。故填(should)be preserved。6 .考查被动语态。句意：十四岁以下的儿童必须由成人陪同。本句主语是 Children under 14,谓语动词是accompany,主谓之间是被动关系，应用被动 语态
22、，空前已经有must be,所以空处填动词的过去分词形式，故填 accompanied o.考查动词语态。句意：人们认为教育不应该仅仅用考试成绩来衡量。that从 句中主语education与谓语动词measure构成被动关系，且shouldnt后跟动 词原形。故填be measured。7 .考查虚拟语气。句意：老师同意了给学生两周时间来为考试做准备的建议。 分析句子成分可知，that引导同位语从句，做suggestion的同位语，有“建议、 命令”等意义的名词后的同位语从句的谓语用“(should动词原形”的形式， 又因为students与give之间是被动关系，应用被动语态形式。故填(s
23、hould) be given o.考查动词的时态语态。句意：当他经过时，他的脸映在大镜子里。分析句 子可知，reflect是谓语动词，与主语His face是被动关系，根据when引导的 时间状语从句使用了一般过去时可知，主句用一般过去时，且主语是第三人称单数，谓语动词也用第三人称单数，故填was reflected。8 .考查动词语态。句意：已经决定对这本书进行修订。根据句意可知，the book 与revise是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态，空前有shall, be动词使用原形。 故填 be revised o.考查时态/语态。句意：这里正在建一座新电影院。他们希望下个月完成。分 析句子
24、结构可知，第一个句子缺少谓语，由句意可知时态为现在进行时，主 语cinema与动作build(建造)之间为被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态结 构be done,主语cinema为单数，谓语动词用单数形式，故填is being built。9 .考查谓语动词。句意：老师坚持要求要充分利用每一分钟把工作做好。由主 句谓语动词insist (坚持要求)可知从句为虚拟语气，谓语动词形式要用 “should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。make与主语every minute之间 为被动关系，谓语动词应使用被动语态结构be done ,故填(should)be made。10 .考查动词时态及语
25、态。句意：一条河流的干流经常在河口附近被分成两条或 多条支流。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语The main stream of a river和divide构成被动关系，主语为单数名词，谓语动词使用第三人称单数 形式。故填is dividedo.考查时态和语态。句意：请确保夜间所有的灯都被关掉。句中涉及短语“switch off5,意为“关上，关掉”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是客观要求，故应用 一般现在时,lights与switch off之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故句子应用一般 现在时的被动语态，lights为可数名词复数形式，与are连用，switch的过去 分词为 switche
26、d o 故填 are switched o11 .考查动词不定式。句意：由于有许多问题要解决，新当选的总统日子不好过。 此处是with复合结构，名词短语a lot of problems与动词solve构成被动关系， 而且这是一个将来要发生的动作，故使用动词不定式(todo),本处用动词 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。故填to solve。12 .考查被动语态。句意：当Tracy被告知儿子的病能够被治好时，她轻松地离 开了医院。分析句子可知，cure是宾语从句的谓语动词，与主语illness是被 动关系，由could可知，后接be done构成含有情态动词的被动语态，故填 be cured。本
27、讲作业Calligraphy that(regard) as one of the cultural treasures of China enjoys a high reputation both at home and abroad.1. Nobody knew what(happen) to the Earth in a centurys time.2. If Newton lived today, he would be surprised by what (discover) in science and technology.3. At present, lots of food,
28、 water, tents and medicine(transport) from all over the country to the epidemic-stricken area.4. Where is Mr. Blade? He(investigate) for fraud(诈骗).5. To my delight, I(choose) from hundreds of applicants to attend the opening ceremony.6. Im sorry, by then my lecture will have ended and I(meet) my gue
29、sts.7. It is the first time that I(invite) to give a lecture to the children.8. So far, this technology(use) to produce plants which are better able to defend themselves against pests and disease.1(). People used to believe that dirt(generate) disease.11. Look! A lot of modern art(show) at the exhib
30、ition.12. He(recognize) by his fans though he wore a pair of sunglasses.13. If city noises(not keep) from increasing, people will have to shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.14. The flowers were so lovely that they(sell) in no time.15. . About 80% of the money(waste) already
31、 for no reasons.16. Because of peoples carelessness, our environment (damage) by us humans much more seriously than ever before.17. That was the first time that she(invite) to visit the Great Wall.18. It (announce) that Tu Youyou had given her acceptance speech in Sweden.19. A new bridge is now(cons
32、truct) across the river and will be completed next month.20. The first-generation computer(not invent) until the 1940s.21. It is our responsibility to the next generation to make sure that environmental issues(solve).22. The problem will be(settle) tonight so all the leaders should be here then.23.
33、As a result of the earthquake, many people(leave) homeless.24. So far, much(do) to meet the reasonable demands of patients for health care and improve the overall development of hospitals.25. When you visit our town next August, a modern sports center will (construct), for the National Games are to
34、be held then.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。The giant panda 26. (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 一27. (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 28. (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 29
35、. (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 30 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 31 . it cried, she rocked it bac
36、k and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 32. more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 33. (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the moth
37、er 34. (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 35 . it was also time for the young panda to be independent.【答案】is regarded1. would happen. has been discovered2. are being transported 5 . is being investigated 6. was chosen 或 have been chosen 7. will be meeting. have bee
38、n invited8 . has been used. generated9 . is being shown 12. was recognized 13. are not kept 14. were soldhas been wasted15. . has been damaged. had been invited16. . was announced. being constructed17. wasn t inventedare solved18. settledwere left19. . has been done. have been constructed20. is love
39、drecently21. caring/careful. to eat22. enemiesWhen/If23. forits24. droveand【解析】.考查时态和语态。句意：书法艺术被视为中国文化瑰宝之一，在国内外享有 盛誉。分析句子结构可知，that （regard） as one of the cultural treasures of China是一个定语从句，修饰先行词Calligraphy,关系词替代先 行词在从句中作主语，Calligraphy和regard之间是被动关系，用被动语态; 根据句意可知，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，Calligraphy是不可数名 词，用单
40、数，故填is regarded。1 .考查过去将来时。句意：没有人知道一个世纪后地球将会发生什么事。分析 句子可知，根据时间状语“in a centur/s time”和谓语动词knew,该句为过去 将来时态，即为从过去的某个时间看将来发生的动作或所处的状态。本句为 从过去看地球未来一个世纪会发生的事情，过去将来时构成为would+动词原 形，所以空格处填would happeno.考查动词时态及语态。句意：如果牛顿现在还活着，他会对科技领域的发现 感到很吃惊。这是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，科技领域已经做出的发现为 现在完成时，表示过去发生的事对现在产生了影响，what与discover是逻辑
41、 被动关系，应使用被动语态。故填has been discoveredo2 .考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前，大量的食品、水、帐篷和药品正在被运 往疫情区。根据句意可知，“食品、水、帐篷和药品”与“运送”之间是被动关 系，且表示现阶段正在进行或从事的动作，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主 语是复数，谓语动词用复数。故填are being transported。3 .考查时态。句意：布雷德先生在哪里？他因为诈骗正在接受调查。根据句意 可知，是正在接受调查，用现在进行时，主语he与谓语investigate之间是被 动关系，因此，使用现在进行时的被动语态be being done形式，主语是he,
42、be 用 iso 故答案为 is being investigated0.考查动词时态及语态。句意：令我高兴的是，我被从几百名申请者中选中出 席开幕式。此处的语境可以理解为一般过去时态，也可以理解为现在完成时 态，主语I和choose之间是被动关系，故此处使用一般过去时的被动语态或 现在完成时的被动语态。故填was chosen或have been choseno4 .考查时态。by then与完成时态来用。句意：到那时为止，我的讲座将已经完 成，我正在会见我的客人。所以“会客”的动作发生在将来，而且是正在进行， 所以用将来进行时。答案填will be meeting0.考查动词时态语态。句意
43、：这是我第一次受邀给孩子们演讲。在“It is the first time+that”结构中，从句要求用现在完成时，此处从句中主语I与谓语动词 invte构成被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态,主语为L助动词用have。 故填 have been invitedo5 .考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，这项技术已经被用于生产能够更好地抵 御病虫害的植物。根据上文So far可知应用现在完成时，且主语与谓语动词 构成被动关系，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。主语为单数名词，助动词 用 haso 故填 has been usedo.考查动词。句意：人们过去常常相信污垢会产生疾病。that后为从句，g
44、enerate 为从句谓语，与主句时态保持一致，应该用一般过去时。故填generated。6 .考查动词时态及语态。句意：快看！很多现代艺术品正在展览中。根据句意 及Look可知，很多现代艺术品正在展览中，应使用现在进行时被动语态， 主语art艺术品作集合名词，不可数，视作单数。故填is being shown。7 .考查时态和语态。句意：尽管他戴着一副太阳镜，他还是被歌迷认出来了。 根据从句时态可知用一般过去时，主语he与recognize之间为被动关系，所 以用被动语态。故填was recognizedo.考查时态和语态。句意：如果不阻止城市噪音的增加，人们将不得不在20 年后的餐桌上大声
45、疾呼才能被听到。分析句子可知，设空处是条件状语从句 的谓语动词，主句为一般将来时，根据“主将从现”原则，可知此处应用一般 现在时表将来，又主语noises和ke叩之间是被动关系，故用一般现在时的 被动语态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are not kept。8 .考查被动语态。句意：这些花如此可爱，以至于很快就卖出去了。分析句子 可知，设空处应填动词作谓语，而主语和谓语动词之间是被动关系，再结合句 意“卖出去了”可知，此处应填一般过去时态的被动语态。此外，the flowers 为复数。故填were soldo.考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：大约80%的钱已经无缘无故地浪费掉了。例：T
46、he watch was being repaired twice. (错误)The watch has been repaired twice. (正确)2.用法：过去进行时的被动语态形式为：主语+was/were+being+过去分词(+by+主语) 例：Trees were being planted by them at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候，我们 正在种树。【例 1-1 (*)My house(decorate) when you visited Beijing last time, so I didnt invite you to my home.【
47、答案】 was being decorated【解析】根据句中when引导的时间状语从句when you visited Beijing last time可 知，这是强调的过去的事实，且My house与decorate之间为被动关系，由此可 知当时是我的房子正在被装修，所以使用过去进行时的被动语态。【例 1-2 (*)Mr.Lee couldnt know the incident happening in the company, because he(treat) for a sprain (扭伤)in hospital then.【答案】 was being treated【解析】考
48、查过去进行时的被动语态.根据主句用了一般过去时态，故从句也应 用过去的某种时态，且he与treat之间是动宾关系，要用被动语态，then暗示正 在接受治疗，用过去进行时的被动语态，故填was being treated。【例1-3(*)The attackers were arrested and didnt know where they(take) now.【答案】were being taken【解析】本题前半句用的是过去时，那么根据时态一致的原则，所填部分也应该 用过去时的相应时态，根据句意“袭击者被逮捕后不知道现在正被带到哪。”可 知时态为过去进行时，且主语与动词take之间为被动关系，应用过去进行时的 被动语态。【练 1-1 (*)Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting(exhibit) at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.1. As Polly observed the passengers on the train, she had a feeling that she (watch) by a tall man i