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1、简单句简单句中考专项复习按使用目的句子陈述句疑问句祈使句感叹句按句子结构简单句并列句复合句简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫简单句。简单句有五种基本句型。CSPO主语宾语谓语表语句子成分V宾补句子成分 主语主语是句子的主体，是句子的主要描述对象。is red.is my idol.is interesting.名词做主语The apple HeLiving in the city 代词做主语动名词做主语 is to believe.of them is English.is right.To see OneWhat he said 不定式做主语数词做主语句子做主
2、语 谓语句子成分谓语用来说明主语“做什么”或“怎么样”。谓语只能由动词充当，一般在主语的后面，有人称、时态和数的变化。I _(make)your birthday cake last night.It _(use)by travelers and business people all over the world.She _(enjoy)watching TV.madeis usedenjoys句子成分宾语宾语是动作或行为的承受者。She is playing the piano now.We all like him.Give me four.I practice speaking Eng
3、lish.We want to sing.I think he is right.She is playing the piano now.We all like him.Give me four.I practice speaking English.We want to sing.I think he is right.名代数 动名词 不定式句子句子成分表语表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征、状态，一般放在系动词之后。She is a teacher now.The sun is up.I feel good today.The next step is to get it ready.Her
4、 job is cleaning.The man is out of danger.This is what he said.句子成分宾补宾补用来补充说明宾语的意义、状态等。She calls me Linda.I made her happy.I left my book in the room.名词形容词介短I help my sister to do the dishes.Listen!I hear Lily singing.I saw the kite up and down.不定式动名词副词五种基本句型汉语名称英语名称例句主语+不及物动词Subject+Verb（S+V）I arri
5、ved.主语+及物动词+宾语Subject+Verb+Object（S+V+O）Tom plays chess.主语+系动词+表语Subject+Verb+Predicative（S+V+P）He is happy.主语+及物动词+间接宾语(人)+直接宾语（物）Subject+Verb+Indirect Object+Direct Object（S+V+Oi+Od）Sam gives me a pen.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补Subject+Verb+Object+Complement（S+V+O+C）I made her cry.及物动词&不及物动词及物动词：接宾语；不及物动词：不能直 接
6、跟宾语，只有加介 词，才可构成介宾短 语结构。e.g.I drank a glass of water.Look!The little girl is looking at a picture.概念介绍01020304“感官类”动词look,sound,smell,taste,feel“表象类”动词seemBe动词am,is,are,was,were“保持类”动词keep,stay,remain句子结构 系动词05“变化类”动词go,get,grow,become,turn强调渐变。The weather is growing warmer.通常表示天气变化或人身体或情绪变化。The robo
7、t never gets tired.go,get,grow,become,turn辨析go强调质量变化。The milk goes bad.getgrowABC句子结构通常表示颜色变化。The tree turns green in spring.become强调人外在或内在的变化。He becomes a teacher in 10 years.turnDEgo,get,grow,become,turn辨析句子结构There beThere be句型句型1.there be1.there be句型的时态及结构句型的时态及结构 时态there be句型结构一般现在时There is/are.
8、一般过去时There was/were.一般将来时There will be./There is(are)going to be.现在完成时There have/has been.2.There be2.There be句型的就近原则句型的就近原则 be动词的单复数形式必须和there be之后的第一个主语保持一致。若第一个主语是可数名词单数或不可数名词，则be动词用单数；若第一个主语是可数名词复数，则be动词用复数。如：There is a book and two pencils on the desk.(书桌上有一本书和两支铅笔。)3.There be3.There besb./sth.
9、sb./sth.地点，地点，表示“某处有某人/某物”。be 动词必须和主语保持人称和数一致。如果主语部分是两个及两个以上的主语，be动词一般和邻近主语在人称和数上保持一致。4.there be sb.doing sth.4.there be sb.doing sth.地点地点/时间某地时间某地/某时有某人正在做某事某时有某人正在做某事。如：There is a baby sleeping in the room.(房间里有个婴儿正在睡觉。)5.there be句型的否定形式是在句型的否定形式是在bebe动词后面加动词后面加not，not any，no。如：There is no water i
10、n the bottle.(瓶子里面没有水。)6.若变为一般疑问句则需要把若变为一般疑问句则需要把bebe动词提前至句首动词提前至句首。如：Is there a hospital near here?(这附近有医院吗？)7.there be句型与have的辨析 (1)there be表示某处存在某物或某人，不强调此物归属。have 表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所属关系。(2)当have表示包括、存在的含义时，可以与there be句型互换。1.I visited the zoo last Sunday._A.主语 B谓语 C状语 D宾语2.The food in the restaurant
11、is delicious._A.表语 B宾语 C主语 D谓语3.The quiet music makes me relax._A.宾语 B状语 C宾补 D定语4.I bought my mother some flowers on Mothers Day._A.直接宾语 B间接宾语 C表语 D状语BBAC玩转考点5.The sentence pattern of“I enjoy living in Gansu.”is _A.SVO BSVPC.SVIODO DSVDOOC6.There _ an English show this weekend.Shall we go and watch
12、it？A.are going to be BwasC.will be Dwere7.There_ a computer and some books on the teachers desk.A.is Bare Cbe8.There _ more than two ways to solve this maths problem.A.am Bis Care DbeACAC 陈述句用来说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。陈述句包括肯定句和否定句两种形式。句末通常用句点，读降调。1.1.陈述句的肯定形式：主语谓语其他陈述句的肯定形式：主语谓语其他.They have lots of storybooks.
13、(他们有很多故事书。)2.2.陈述句的否定形式陈述句的否定形式(1)be的否定式 be作系动词用时，结构为“主语benot表语其他”。如：She is not a teacher.(她不是一位老师。)be用作助动词，用于be doing/be going to do/be done等时态或被动语态中，结构为“主语benot动词的现在分词或过去分词其他”。如：Jim isnt playing football.(吉姆没有在踢足球。)陈述句(2)助动词、情态动词的否定式：如：The boy doesnt do housework at home.(这个男孩在家不做家务。)(3)除not外，其他否定
14、词也可以构成否定句 用no表示，nonot any/a。如：He has no sister.He doesnt have any sister.(他没有姐妹。)never绝不，从不。如：I have never seen such a man.(我从没见过这样的人。)little，few几乎没有。如：There are few students in the classroom.(教室里几乎没有学生。)no one/nobody没有人。如：Nobody is interested in the book.(没有人对这本书感兴趣。)nothing没有东西，没有事情，如：There is not
15、hing wrong with you.(你没有什么问题。)neither of.两者之中没有一个；none of.三者或三者以上之中没有一个。如：Neither of them has ever been to Beijing.(他们两个都没有去过北京。)None of these pens works.(这些钢笔没有一支能用。)seldom(很少)；hardly(几乎不)；rarely(很少)too.to.(太以至于不能)1.那位公交司机立刻停下了车。_2.这把雨伞一定是我妹妹的。_3.我会拼写这个单词。_I can/am able to spell the/this word.The/T
16、hat bus driver stopped the bus at once/right away/right now/immediately/in a minute/in no time.The/This umbrella must be my sisters.玩转考点4.他们结婚已经50多年了。_5.她的主意听起来真不错。_6.好的学习者不害怕犯错。_7.因为天气糟糕，山底下的东西我们什么也看不到。_Good learners are not afraid of making mistakes.Her idea sounds really good.They have been marri
17、ed for over fifty years.Because of the bad weather，we couldnt see anything at the bottomof the mountain.疑问句一般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反义疑问句1.1.一般疑问句一般疑问句概念结构例句用yes，no来回答的疑问句叫作一般疑问句 Be主语其他？Is she from England？(她来自英国吗？)Yes，she is.(是的，她是。)情态动词主语动词原形其他？Must I finish the report today？(我必须今天完成报告吗？)Yes，you must.(是的，你必
18、须。)助动词主语动词原形/现在分词/过去分词其他？Did she like dancing when she was young？(她年轻时喜欢跳舞吗？)Have you been to Tibet？(你去过西藏吗？)2.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(1)特殊疑问词引导的特殊疑问句。以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫作特殊疑问句。特殊疑问句的变化较为简单，只需要选择恰当的特殊疑问词，再加上一般疑问句即可。用法例句who询问身份Who is the girl over there？(那边的女孩是谁？)which 询问可供选择的对象Which one do you like better，a
19、n apple or a banana？(苹果和香蕉，你更喜欢哪一个？)what询问内容、职业或身份等 Whats her job？(她是做什么工作的？)when询问时间When did you go to Shanghai last month？(你上个月什么时候去上海的？)where询问地点Where are you going this summer vacation？(这个暑假你计划去哪儿？)why询问原因Why were you late for the meeting？(你为什么开会迟到了？)how询问方式或感受How do you go to school every day？(
20、你每天怎样去上学？)2.2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句(2)how词组引导的特殊疑问句含义用法答语how long多长提问物体的长度物体长度多久提问一段时间for一段时间/since表时间的短语或从句how soon多久以后提问某个动作要多长时间发生或结束in一段时间how many多少提问可数名词的数量数词(名词)how much多少提问不可数名词的数量数词(名词)提问价格价钱how far 多远提问距离数词(量词)how often多久一次对表示“频度”的副词或时间短语进行提问once a week等频度副词或every day等时间状语3.3.选择疑问句选择疑问句 选择疑问句是提供两种或两种以
21、上的情况供对方选择一种情况回答的疑问句。选择疑问句不用yes或no回答，只要根据实际情况回答即可。选择疑问句可分为一般选择疑问句和特殊选择疑问句两种。(1)一般选择疑问句：一般疑问句or被选择部分？如：Is he tall or short？(他高还是矮？)He isnt tall or short.He is of medium height.(他不高也不矮。他是中等身高。)(2)特殊选择疑问句：特殊疑问句，A or B？如：Which season do you like better，summer or winter？(你更喜欢哪个季节，夏天还是冬天？)I like winter bet
22、ter.(我更喜欢冬天。)玩转玩转考点考点1.The policeman asked the little boy if _ his home.A.he could find Bcould he find C.he can find2._ shall we meet for the picnic？At the school gate.A.How BWhen CWhy DWhere3._ do you usually start doing your homework？Right after I finish my dinner.A.When BWhere CWhat DWhyAAD4._ do
23、 you think we can finish the report？Perhaps in one more hour.A.How long BHow muchC.How soon DHow often5._ is the concert going to start？Ive no idea.Why not check the ticket？A.What time BWhat aboutC.How long DHow oftenCA6.詹妮年轻时跑得很快吗？_7.从学校到公园有多远？_8.考试后你要去哪里吃粽子？_9.约翰每天在家里做作业吗？_10.你的姐姐更喜欢哪一门学科，英语还是物理？_Did Jenny run very fast when she was young？How far is it from the school to the park？Where are you going to eat zongzi after the exam？Does John do his homework at home every day？Which subject does your sister like better，English or physics？