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1、2021 届全国新高考英语语法专题突破（主谓一致、并列句和状语从句）精品讲练（含答案）主谓一致是历年高考真题的考查点之一。主谓一致不仅是主语和谓语在数上的一致，还涉及时态、语态和修饰语等各方面。考查主要集中在数量词，连接的并列成分，非谓语动词、从句等作主语时的主谓一致等。做题时要分析句子成分，找出句子的主语和谓语动词，通过判断主语的单复数来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。名词作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 可数名词单数或不可数名词 单数 可数名词复数 复数 只表示复数意义的集体名词 people，police，cattle等 复数 集体名词 family，class，group，army，aud
2、ience，committee，crowd，government，staff，team 等 单数(强调整体)复数(强调个体)单复数同形的名词means，sheep，works，deer，fish等 根据其表达的单复数意义而定 The news was really a shock to everyone present.这消息真的震惊了在场的每一个人。Our football team is playing well.我们的足球队踢得很好。Our football team are having baths and then coming back here for supper.我们的足球队
3、员们正在洗澡，然后将回到这儿吃晚饭。对点练 1 单句语法填空(2017全国卷)Fast food is(be)full of fat and salt；by eating more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.The class consists(consist)of 25 boys and 20 girls.数量概念词作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 表示单位数量，如指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重单数 量等的复数名词短语 the rest/part(of)及分数、百分数等 根
4、据所指代或修饰的名词而定 one of可数名词复数 单数 a number of可数名词复数 复数 the number of可数名词复数 单数 a quantity of/quantities of 根据 quantity 的形式而定 more than one/many a可数名词单数 单数 Ten kilometers is too long for him to run.对他来说，跑十公里太长了。Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea.地球表面的四分之三是海。A number of trees were planted on t
5、hat day.那天种了大量的树。One of my colleagues is to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.我的一位同事将参加明天即将举行的会议。注意：在“one of复数名词/代词定语从句”结构中，定语从句中的谓语动词用复数形式。但当 one 之前出现 the only，the very 等修饰语时，定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。试比较：He is one of the students who are always praised by the teachers in the class.他是班内总受老师表扬的学生之一。He is
6、 the only one of the students who is always praised by the teachers in the class.他是班内总受老师表扬的唯一的学生。对点练 2 单句语法填空 Exercise 1 should be done in class as an example，while the rest are(be)to be finished as homework.More than one tree has been planted(plant)on March 12th，so I think our environment wont be
7、too bad.不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 neither，either，each，anyone，somebody,everything，nobody 等 单数 both/few/many/several(of)等 复数 all/some/most(of)指代或修饰可数名词复数 复数 指代或修饰不可数名词 单数 none(of)指代或修饰可数名词复数 单、复数均可 指代或修饰不可数名词 单数 All is right.一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。None of them is/are aware of the danger.他们中没有人意识到危险。对点
8、练 3 语法填空 Last week，I watched two movies，but neither appeal(appeal)to me.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 主语 谓语动词 由 both.and.或 and 连接 复数 由 either.or.，neither.nor.,or，not only.but also，not.but 连接 就近一致原则 Neither you nor I，nor anybody else knows how to do it.无论是你、我还是其他任何人都不知道怎么做。注意：(1)and 连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词
9、用单数。My friend and lawyer has caught a very bad cold.我的律师同样也是我的朋友，他得了重感冒。(2)由 and 连接的并列单数主语前若有 no，each，every，many a 等修饰，谓语动词要用单数。Each doctor and each nurse was given a new shirt.给每个大夫和每个护士都发了一件新衬衫。Many a teacher and many a student enjoys the book very much.许多老师和学生都很喜欢这本书。对点练 4 单句语法填空 Not only Tom but
10、 also Peter and Mary are(be)planning to go，because they have never been there before.Boys and girls，the writer and the educator are visiting(visit)our school.Be quiet!其他情况中的主谓一致 情况 谓语动词 主语后有 with，along/together with，as well as，in addition to，besides，including，like，rather than，except，but 等 与主语一致 ther
11、e be 句式中 就近一致 单个不定式或动名词作主语 通常用单数 主语从句作主语 通常用单数 定语从句中关系代词作主语 与先行词一致 倒装句中 和其后的主语一致 Between the two windows hangs a picture.两扇窗户之间挂着一幅画。注意：(1)多个不定式或动名词作主语表示不同概念时，谓语动词用复数。Making mistakes and learning to correct them are a part of life.犯错误和学会改正错误是生活的一部分。(2)what 引导主语从句时，谓语动词根据从句所指的内容而定。What he said has be
12、en recorded.他说的话已被录音。What I say and think are none of your business.我说什么，想什么与你无关。对点练 5 单句语法填空(2017天津卷改编)Nowadays，cycling，along with jogging and swimming，is(be)regarded as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be)often acceptable.So far，many a
13、n American boy and many a British girl as well as the teachers has been invited(invite)to be present.What really counts is(be)the enjoyment.英语中的主谓一致是指句子中作主语和谓语的成分之间在人称和数等方面保持一致。从近几年的高考英语语法填空和短文改错试题可以看出，主谓一致多和动词的时态、语态结合起来进行综合考查。也就是说，要做好主谓一致类试题，考生除了要考虑句中主语的人称和数的变化，还要考虑谓语动词的时态和语态的变化；既要理解和遵循语法规则，又要结合不同的
14、语境来加以判断。一般来说，考生复习时要注意以下几个方面：1了解主谓一致的基本原则。主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致应遵循三个基本原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。(1)语法一致原则指主语为单数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。这是主谓一致最基本的原则。(2)意义一致原则指主语形式上是单数，但表达复数意义，谓语动词要用复数形式；或主语形式上是复数，但表达单数意义，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如：My family are very well.我全家人都很健康。(3)就近一致原则指谓语动词的人称和数由最靠近它的主语决定。如：Neither my pa
15、rents nor Tom is coming.我的父母和汤姆都不来。2把对主谓一致、动词的时态和语态的复习结合起来，并通过不断的练习来强化记忆语法规则。巧学巧记 单单复复最常见，集体名词常用单。有些名词谓用复，people，police 即这般。many a 主语也如此，谓语动词应用单。关系代词定主语，谓语根据先行词判。时间、货币与距离，谓语多单复少见。and 连接两句词，身兼两职一定冠。以上情况请记清，谓语动词全用单。-s 结尾山脉与群岛，谓语用复勿用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。or，nor，but also，there be 近主原则挂嘴边。不定式
16、短语、动名词、主语从句谓全单。rest，means，following，意义决定其复单。no，each，every 后单各，两种事物一概念。形容词带 the 表一类人，姓氏复数加定冠。代词 neither，either，each 等用作主语全用单。综合演练.单句语法填空 1(2019衡水模拟)It was in the lake that the villagers found some strange creatures that they hadnt seen before.2(2019武邑中学模拟)Only after the teacher explained it to me a s
17、econd time did I understand the question.3(2019日照模拟)I wont go to the party even if invited(invite)4(2019石家庄二中模拟)A report published on Dec.6 says this style of healthcare，which includes(include)different forms like herbal medicine and exercise，has spread to 183 countries and regions.5(2019合肥模拟)Its su
18、ccess is very encouraging in todays television world where reality shows have played(play)a leading part so far.6(2019山西重点中学协作体模拟)In my school days，I was a shy boy and never even thought of taking part in any public speaking events，school plays or stage contests，so acting was(be)a remote career choi
19、ce then.7(2019衡水中学模拟)Many psychologists today are(be)working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around.8(2019陕西西安中学模拟)I made my first visit to China in 2008 and last year，I was(be)lucky enough to take part in an event called“Shanxi in the eyes of foreigners”9(20
20、19吉林东北师大附中模拟)About two miles away from my home stands(stand)a mountain which is really worth touring.10(2019陕西西安中学模拟)What fun it is to take a rest after a long run!.完成句子 1More than one student gets involved in the activity 不止一个学生参加了这个活动。2What the school needs are qualified teachers 这个学校需要的是有能力的教师。3W
21、hen and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet 带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定。4Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sunday 格林先生每个星期天都和他的孩子们一起去这个公园。5Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China 玛丽是我们学校唯一一个去过中国的学生。.语法填空 Mike Taylor，a unive
22、rsity student in the study of prehistoric life forms for his Ph.D.，discovered a brand-new species of dinosaur，while1.conducting(conduct)research at the Natural History Museum in the United Kingdom.This new species 2.was identified(identify)as part of the sauropod family of dinosaurs.The sauropods we
23、re four-legged，vegetarian dinosaurs，3.with very long necks and tails，and relatively small skulls and brains.One of their most unusual 4.characteristics(characteristic)was their nostrils，which were higher up in their head，almost near the eyes.So far，the sauropod bones5.have been found(find)in every c
24、ontinent except Antarctica，and they are one of the longest living groups of dinosaurs，spanning over 100 million years.This new species，6.named (name)Xenoposeidon proneneukos，which means forward-sloping alien earthquake god，lived about 140 million years ago.Mike Taylor，7.who has spent five years stud
25、ying sauropod vertebrae，8.immediately(immediate)knew that this was the backbone of a sauropod.However，he had never seen one like this before.9.Further(far)research proved this was indeed a new kind of sauropod.The bone，which had been discovered in10.the 1890s，had never been examined.语法与书面表达(书面表达中主谓一
26、致易错点聚焦小练)在书面表达中学生主要存在的主谓不一致问题如下：1(误)Your friend and adviser have agreed to lend me some money.(正)Your friend and adviser has agreed to lend me some money.2(误)Many a scientist have sacrificed their lives for science.(正)Many a scientist has sacrificed his life for science.3(误)Mr.Wang，together with his
27、 wife，have gone to Australia.(正)Mr.Wang，together with his wife，has gone to Australia.4(误)Each/Every one of the boys have their own books.(正)Each/Every one of the boys has his own books.5(误)The blind is not able to walk without sticks.(正)The blind are not able to walk without sticks.6(误)Five years ha
28、ve passed since then.(正)Five years has passed since then.并列句和状语从句 高考对于连词的考查主要表现在对并列连词和从属连词的用法和辨析上。对并列连词的考查主要是在并列句中，要求考生能正确分析上下句之间的逻辑关系，同时重点掌握某些句型的构成形式。对状语从句的考查主要是通过对引导词的选择来进行的。近几年的高考命题常将并列连词、从属连词、连接代词或连接副词放在同一题干下进行考查，使考试难度增加。因此只有了解了状语从句的分类及状语从句常用连接词的基本含义和用法，并在具体语境中判断主从句之间的逻辑关系，才能够准确答题。并列句 并列句由两个或两个以
29、上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。并列连词主要用来表示并列关系、转折关系、选择关系、因果关系等，可用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。常见的并列连词有：1表示转折关系：but，yet，while，whereas 等。2表示因果关系：so，for 等。3表示选择关系：or，or else，either.or 等。4表示并列关系：and，both.and，not only.but also，neither.nor 等。Be careful，or you will hurt yourself.小心点，否则你会伤到自己。对点练 1 单句语法填空 It was ti
30、me for her to have a new baby，and it was also time for the young panda to be independent.But the river wasnt changed in a few days or even a few months.We were told that our rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after.My younger sister is fond of pop music while I like folk music.
31、状语从句 一、时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的连词有 when，as，while，after，before，since，once，until，till，as soon as，every time/each time，the moment，the minute，immediately，directly，instantly 等。1在 since 引导的状语从句中，动词可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的，都表示状态或动作的结束，但意义有所区别。试比较：Its three years since he joined the League.自从他入团以来已经 3 年了。(join 是非延续性动词)It i
32、s three years since he smoked.他不吸烟已有3 年了。(smoke是延续性动词)2 某些表示时间的副词、名词短语等可作连词用，引导时间状语从句，如 directly，immediately，the instant，the moment，the minute，the day，the year，each/every time，next time，the first/second/last time 等。I left immediately the clock struck.钟声一敲响我就离开了。3表示动作先后发生。常用的有 before，after，by the tim
33、e 等。After you think it over，please let me know what you decide to do.你仔细考虑后，请告诉我你决定做什么。有关 before 的句式：It will be some time before.do.It was some time before.did.It would be some time before.did.之后才 It was long before.did.很久才 It wasnt long before.did.不久就 It will be half a year before I come back.半年后我才
34、回来。It was a week before he could tell his story.一星期之后他才讲述他的经历。It was a long time before he got to sleep again.他很久才再次入睡。对点练 2 单句语法填空 Over time，as/when the population grew，people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way
35、a human does.When/If it cried，she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.Before she could explain to the boy，he had gone out angrily.My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me till/until the bus arrived.He has been in hospital since he had his right leg broken last
36、month.二、地点状语从句 1 where 和 wherever 皆可引导地点状语从句，where 指某一固定地方，而 wherever指任何一个地方。试比较：Ill go where he went.我要去他去过的地方。(特定地点)Ill go wherever he goes.他去哪儿我就去哪儿。(任意地点)2where 引导的定语从句和状语从句的区别。引导定语从句时，where 是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语，其前有表示地点的名词作先行词，定语从句修饰先行词；引导状语从句时，where 是从属连词，where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词，其前没有表示地点的名词。Hes got hims
37、elf into a dangerous situation where he is likely to lose control over the plane.他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况，他很可能会失去对飞机的控制。(定语从句)Put the medicine where children cant reach it.把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。(状语从句)Make a mark where you have any questions.你哪儿有问题就在哪儿做个记号。(状语从句)对点练 3 单句语法填空 It is where my father worked that I work no
38、w.Where he once felt like giving up，he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.三、原因状语从句 引导原因状语从句的连词有because，as，since，now that，in that(由于，因为；在这一点上)等。because，since，as，for 和 now that 的用法比较：引导词 用法 例句 because 表示直接的原因或理由，语气最强，常表示必然的因果关系。回答以 why引起的特殊疑问句，只能用 because。He is absent today be
39、cause he is ill.他今天缺课，因为他病了。since 表示对方已经知晓、无须加以说明的原因或事实，语气比 because 稍弱。Ill do it for you since you are busy.既然你忙，我来替你做吧。as 表示的往往是十分明显的原因，听者或读者已经知道或读者已经知道或能看得出来，语气较弱，比较口语化。As you object，Ill change the plan.由于你反对，我将改变计划。for 是并列连词，它连接的分句不表示直接的原因，而是用来附带解释说明前面一句的情况。for 引导的分句常位It must have rained last nig
40、ht，for the ground is wet this morning.昨晚准是下雨了，今天早上于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。地面还是湿的。now that 意为“既然”，与 since 同义，但更突出事实本身。Now that I am well again，I can go on with my work.我既然恢复了健康，那就可以继续工作了。对点练 4 单句语法填空 Since/As/Because Monday is Bobs birthday，lets give him a party.Considering(consider)that the traffic is hea
41、vy at this moment of a day，well have to wait a little longer.四、条件状语从句 引导条件状语从句的连词有 if，unless，so/as long as，in case(如果)，on condition that，suppose/supposing(that)，providing/provided(that)等。Ill go with you to the cinema this afternoon if Im free.如果我有空，今天下午我就和你去看电影。对点练 5 单句语法填空 You will let your parents
42、 down if you fail in the exam.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep it a secret.Well go shopping this Sunday unless it snows or its freezing cold.五、目的状语从句 1 由 so that，in order that，for fear that，in case，lest 等引导从句，谓语常含 may，might，can，could，will，would 等情态动词。Ill write the name
43、down for fear that he would forget.我会把名字写下来，以免他忘记了。He left early in case he should miss it.他走得很早以免错过了它。2当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用“so as to/in order to动词原形”替换。He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.He worked day and night in order to succeed.为了成功，他夜以继日地工作。对点练 6 单句语法填空 The police officers in ou
44、r city work hard in order that the rest of us can live a safe life.Whenever we go for a walk，we will take some money with us in case we come across something that we like.六、so that，so.that.，such.that.1so that 表示结果和目的时的区别：so that表示目的时，从句中往往有 can，could，may，might 等情态动词，而表示结果时没有；so that 引导结果状语从句可用逗号与主句分
45、开，引导目的状语从句则不可。They set out early so that they arrived in time.他们出发得很早，所以及时到达了。(结果)They set out early so that they might arrive in time.他们出发得早以便能及时到达。(目的)2so.that.与 such.that.的区别：so 为副词，修饰形容词、副词，不能修饰名词；such 是形容词，用来修饰名词。两者常用的结构如下：so形容词/副词that从句so形容词a/an单数名词that从句somany/few/much/little（少的）复数名词/不可 数名词th
46、at从句 sucha/an形容词单数名词that从句such形容词复数名词that从句such形容词不可数名词that从句 Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。He earned so little money that he couldnt support his family.他挣钱这么少，不能养活他的家庭。It is such fine weather that we a
47、ll want to go to the park.天气这么好，我们都想去公园。对点练 7 单句语法填空(2017浙江卷)Pahlsson screamed so loudly that her daughter came running from the house.In fact，you will find the experience so enjoyable that you will volunteer to make more speeches!These were such difficult questions that none of us could answer.To s
48、uch a degree was he excited that he couldnt sleep last night.七、让步状语从句 引导让步状语从句的连词有：although，though，even if，even though，as(用于倒装句)，whether，no matter what/who/how/where/when(whatever/whoever/however/wherever/whenever)，while(一般置于句首)。1though 与 although 大致相同，常可互换使用。though/although 引导让步状语从句时，后面的主句不能用 but，但
49、可用 yet 或 still。Although/Though he works very hard，(yet)he makes very slow progress.尽管他尽了力，但还是进步不快。Although/Though she is smart，(still)she studies hard.虽然她很聪明，她还是用功学习。2as 引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词需提前至句首，如果表语是带冠词的名词，冠词需要省略。though 引导的让步状语从句有时也可这样用，但 although 不可以。Pop star as she is，she still needs to
50、improve.尽管她已经是一个流行歌手，但仍需努力。Much as I like it，I wont buy it，for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它但我不会买，因为它太贵了。Try as he might，he could not find a job.尽管他尝试过了，可是他还是找不到工作。Tired though he was，he continued working.他虽然很累，但还是继续工作。对点练 8 单句语法填空 Wonderful as/though the film was，I thought badly of it for its old style