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1、北京市北京市顺义区 2022-2023 学年高三上学期 1 月期末英语试题 一、未知 In December 2004,I had just become a professional photographer and was working on a project about communities who live on the sea.One morning,I went out to _ with six fishermen in a small boat.It was about 8 am,and the sea looked different.The water was tot
2、ally still.20 minutes later,one fisherman pointed to a small white _ far in the distance.It was getting bigger and bigger very quickly.A tsunami(海啸)wave was _ through the ocean!We were stuck.I began to feel really _.Then the captain took control.He told us where to sit,so we would _ the boat.My came
3、ra was in my backpack.I wanted to picture the scene,but I couldnt.Any m ovement would imbalance the boat.Suddenly there was a huge noise.The wave _ the boat,but the incredibly _ captain managed to swerve(使突然转向)us up and onto the wave.We surfed it for a few seconds.Then the boat glided(滑行)from the ti
4、p of the wave down into safe waters.Everyone let out heavy sighs.The captain had _ us all.Surviving gave me a deep understanding of how _ life can be.The picture I wanted to take on the boat remains“the one that got away”-I think every photographer has one.But mine _ my life.1.Asea Bbreakfast Cexerc
5、ise Dbeaches 2.Aship Bbird Cstar Dspot 3.Asqueezing Bswinging Cspeeding Dbreaking 4.Apuzzled Bscared Cdisappointed Dinterested 5.Aabandon Brepair Cboard Dbalance 6.Ahit Bdestroyed Cmissed Doverturned 7.Askilled Bproud Chopeless Dviolent 8.Aleft Bsaved Ccorrected Dcheated 9.Afair Bhappy Cshort Dposit
6、ive 10.Atook Bshowed Centered Dchanged 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。On May 17,a young girl 11 (take)a pack of snacks to a self-service counter at a new concept convenience store.The concept store is part of the“know your food”campaign of the UNICEF,12 aims to empowe
7、r people to make healthy and informed choices about their diet.After scanning her item,the girl realized she would have to climb 70 floors 13 (burn)off the calories.Though unwillingly,she gave up the snacks.阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Research shows that individual
8、s who sit all day,even if they go to the gym for an hour,are at 14 (great)disease risk than those who are more active during the day.Informal activity such as 15 (walk)is beneficial to overall health.While there is no 16 (publish)recommendation for“safe”sitting time yet,a good rule of thumb is to mo
9、ve for at least 1 to 2 minutes each hour of sitting.二、用单词的适当形式完成短文 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Usually,stress is seen as being bad,but this is not always true.Eustress(积极压力)is the positive term for stress.It 17 (relate)to well-being and positive attitudes.Eustress o
10、ccurs when the gap between what one has and what one wants is 18 (slight)pushed.Eustress creates a better environment for people,which 19 (make)them perform better and cost less.Therefore,Eustress is necessary 20 achievement.三、未知 Are you a recent graduate?Do you have passion for helping others?Are y
11、ou looking for a solid work experience in a multicultural environment?If so,you may be interested in the World Banks Junior Professional Associate(JPA)program.The JPA program is a unique opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience and first-hand exposure to the challenges-and rewards-of
12、international development.In your JPA assignment,youll work with more senior workmates and project teams on reducing poverty.What are we looking for?You should be 28 years of age or younger.Your academic achievements are superior.Your analytical and research skills extend to areas of specialization
13、such as:economics,finance,human development,social sciences,agriculture,environment,etc.An equivalent of a bachelors(学士)degree is the minimum.You are fluent in English and,preferably,in at least one other bank language(Chinese,French,Spanish,Russian,Arabic,or Portuguese).You love technology and inte
14、grate it in your work.What are we offering you?We will provide you with the opportunity to gain entry-level professional experience in a premier development institution,on a two-year contract with benefits.Since this program is highly competitive,applicants may be asked to submit academic records as
15、 well as references.The World Bank will contact only those whom hiring managers wish to interview.Positions may be located in any of the World Banks offices across the world.How to apply?Interested candidates may apply online.Please note that applications will be kept active in our database for a pe
16、riod of six months.Should you still be interested in JPA program after six months,you will need to re-apply.21.The JPA program helps the young _.Agraduate with high honors Bfind solid and well-paid jobs Cget entry-level work experience Dchallenge their senior workmates 22.What is necessary to be qua
17、lified for the JPA program?AAge 28 or under.BSuperb technology skills.CHaving a masters degree.DFluency in English and Latin.23.What will the World Bank offer?AA two-year contract with welfare.BInterviews with general managers.CPositions in applicants hometowns.DAnalytical and research skills traini
18、ng.四、阅读理解 Orly Wahba is an educator,speaker,entrepreneur(企业家),author and community activist passionate about inspiring and motivating people to be the best that they can be.As a young child,listening repeatedly to the song,“Heal the World”by Michael Jackson,Orly knew that she wanted to leave her mar
19、k and she wanted more than anything to bring people together under the name of peace,respect,and love.Since her teenage years,Orly has worked extensively with tweens and teens as well as local charities in her community providing a helping hand for those who need it most.Orly began her career in kin
20、dness as a middle school educator at the Yeshivah of Flatbush in Brooklyn,NY,teaching the children to use the power they have to influence the world for good.With 8,000 cards,she started a wave of pay-it-forward kindness.Each card contained an act of kindness that once completed,would be passed onto
21、 another person.Her project succeeded,enhancing the lives of her students and raising their sense of self-worth as they saw their direct hand in causing a ripple(涟漪)effect.Even now,people may encounter Orly giving out her famed Acts of Kindness Cards on the subway.Desiring to make a larger impact wi
22、th her beneficent work and after having been inspired by a small sign on a plane labeled“Life Vest Inside”,Orly founded(2011)Life Vest Inside,a non-profit organization with a mission to encourage people to embrace(拥抱)the incredible power of giving and recognize that in times of hardship,kindness,lik
23、e a life vest,keeps the world afloat(漂浮).LVI shot to national attention when Orlys short film Kindness Boomerang went viral,receiving more than 100 million views and coverage in media such as The TODAY Show,NBC,CBS,ADWEEK,International Business Times and more.In 2013 Orly was invited to speak at TED
24、.The magic that Orly spreads is undeniable!Through LVI,kind happenings are becoming more frequent.And more people are experiencing the addictiveness in the giving of kindness.24.How did the song“Heal the World”influence Orly?AShe wanted to become an entrepreneur.BShe decided to make a difference to
25、the world.CShe managed to raise money for local charities.DShe started to work for a peace organization.25.The Act of Kindness Cards project _.Ateaches people to play cards Bremains a campus campaign Cuses the power of an educator Dencourages people to pass kindness 26.What inspired Orly to establis
26、h“Life Vest Inside”?AA small sign on a plane.BA non-profit organization.CA life vest in a flight accident.DA sudden recognition of hardship.27.What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?AMore people become addictive to magic.BOrly achieves amazing success in film career.CMore people are inspired
27、 to show kindness to others.DOrly receives international awards for her contribution.For astronomers who are sighted,the Universe is full of visual wonders.From shimmering planets to shinning galaxies(星系),the universe is impressively beautiful.But those who are visually impaired cannot share that ex
28、perience.So astronomers have been developing alternative ways to convey(传递)scientific information.Recently,the journal Nature Astronomy published the latest in a series of articles on the use of sonification in astronomy.Sonification describes the change of data into digital audio(声音)files,which all
29、ows them to be heard,as well as read and seen.In August,Kimberly Arcand,a data-visualization expert and science communicator at the Center for Astrophysics and others transformed some of the first images of the black hole at the centre of the Perseus cluster from the James Webb Space Telescope into
30、sound.They worked under the guidance of people who are blind to map the intensity and colours of light in the headline-grabbing pictures into audio.The sonification of an image of gas and dust in a distant nebula(星云),for instance,uses loud high-frequency sounds to represent bright light near the top
31、 of the image,but lower-frequency loud sounds to represent bright light near the images centre.The black hole sonification translates data on sound waves travelling through space-created by the black holes impact on the hot gas that surrounds it-into the range of human hearing.Scientists in other fi
32、elds have also experimented with data sonification.Some have explored whether it can help with discovering Alzheimers disease from brain scans.Sound has even been used to describe ecological shifts caused by climate change in an Alaskan forest,with researchers assigning various musical instruments t
33、o different tree species.In the long run,such approaches need to be strictly evaluated to determine what they can offer that other techniques cannot.For all the technical accuracy displayed in individual projects,the Nature Astronomy series points out that there are no universally accepted standards
34、 for sonifying scientific data,and little published work that evaluates its effectiveness.28.What does the underlined word“impaired”in Paragraph 1 most probably mean?AAppealing.BDamaged.CDirected.DImpressive.29.The examples in Paragraph 4 are intended to _.Ashow the widespread use of sonification Bi
35、ntroduce the common process of sonification Cprovide people with the cure for particular diseases Dimprove the application of sonification to more fields 30.As for sonification,which would the author agree with?AThe use of sonification helps to analyze data effectively.BThe standardization of sonifi
36、cation has yet to be achieved.CSonification can transform some data that other techniques cannot.DLower-frequency sounds show bright light near the top of the image.Clothes were once used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed to be re-used,ending their lives as dishcloths.Not today.Clothing,footw
37、ear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought,thrown away and replaced with new fashions,which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.Fast fashion is so called partly because the fashion industry now releases new lines every week,when historically this happened four times a ye
38、ar.Today,fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000.But incredibly,more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.The trend is having an astonishing environmental impact.Take water.The fashion industry,one of the worlds largest users of
39、 water,consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year.Besides,plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯纤维)and other polymer-based textiles(纺织物),and make up between 20%and 35%of the microplastics choking the oceans.Added to this are specific chemicals used to make fa
40、brics dirt resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.Change is badly needed,but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy.That will involve at least two things:refocusing on making things that last,and so enc
41、ouraging reuse;and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes,especially recycling.There is work to be done for researchers on improving and expanding textiles recycling.Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场),in part because there are relatively few systems
42、that collect,recycle and reuse materials.Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres,as well as buttons and zips.Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye,and overall such manual processes are time-consuming.Machinery is being developed that can help.Technologies also exist to rec
43、ycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing.But these are nowhere near the scale(规模)needed.Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour.Small steps are good,but big changes are neede
44、d.The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately,at scale,with style.31.What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?AClothes should be used until they fall apart.BFashion brands are replaced with new ones frequently.CFast fashion leads to a significant increase
45、in fashion waste.DFashion brands produce twice more clothing than necessary.32.According to the author,what does the circular economy focus on?AImproving the production of natural textiles.BStudying how fast fashion affects the environment.CReleasing new lines four times a year instead of every week
46、.DMaking durable things and expanding the technologies for recycling.33.What can you infer from the passage?AConsumers are fond of chemically recycled fibres.BSystems that collect,recycle and reuse are insufficient.CManual separation of fibres is preferred by manufacturers.DEnvironment damage is mai
47、nly caused by using chemicals.34.What does the author think of the future of fashion industry?ABig changes are needed to follow fashion styles.BHuge steps should be taken for the needs of consumers.CMore should be done to deal with the heavy environmental cost.DConsumers and manufacturers will chang
48、e their behaviour immediately.五、未知 Late-night eating has long been connected to a higher risk for obesity or overweight,which can pose all kinds of risks to your heart.35 A recent study found that when meals are delayed by four hours-say eating at 10:30 PM rather than 6:30 PM-and keeping all other l
49、ifestyle factors the same,people burn fewer calories,have stronger appetite,and experience changes in fat tissue that promote weight gain,according to the studys author.The study was rather small,featuring only 16 overweight or obese people.36 In the weeks before,they maintained a regular sleep sche
50、dule and stuck to identical diets and meal times at home.Each participant reported on their hunger and appetite,and provided data needed.Besides feeling hungrier,burning fewer calories,and showing changes in fat tissue,late eating also impacted the hunger-regulating hermones(荷尔蒙)ghrelin and leptin.G