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1、(1)Owing to _ competition among the airlines,travel expenses have been reduced considerably.(2)A.fierce B eager C strained D critical(3)(4)(5)fierce(动作非常激烈)：猛烈的，激烈的。常用的固定词伙关系是：fierce competition(6)eager:热中,渴望(7)strained:紧崩的，拉紧的(8)critical:一起搭配的常用be critical of“对进行批评,挑剔”(9)The director was critical _
2、 the way we were doing the work.A at B in C of D with 相当大地相当大地Apierce：v.猛戳，猛刺入strain：要求超过极限所造成的紧张。tension:紧绷的状态或紧张的局势2.包含关系(A包含B，选A)3.(2)His wife is constantly finding _ with him,which makes him very angry.4.A errors B shortcomings C fault D flaw 5.6.errors:mistakes/sth.done wrongly7.fault:错(人的性格、行为
3、或习惯上的缺点)8.shortcomings:(反:merits)指在学校老师作评语时给出的优缺点。9.flaw:指物体或材料上的瑕疵10.C3.指代关系指代关系4.(3)There was a big hole in the road which _ the traffic.5.A set back B stood back C held up D kept down 6.Set back:推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）推迟、推延、阻碍（时间概念上的）set about+doing着手、开始做某事着手、开始做某事 set out+to do着手、开始做某事着手、开始做某事 set down
4、:take down/put down/write down set off:出发，离开，起程出发，离开，起程=set out set up 安装，创立，建立安装，创立，建立 set aside 把把 留出留出hold up 支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍支撑、推迟、推延、阻碍(具体概念上的具体概念上的)stand back 后退后退keep down 控制控制 Having decided to rent a flat,we _ contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.A set about B set out C set down
5、 D set upThe continuous rain _ the harvesting of wheat crop by two weeks.C4.词性词性(4)Many difficulties have _ as a result of the change over to a new type of fuel.(5)A risen B arisen C raised D arrived(6)不及物动词不及物动词 及物动词及物动词“提高，提升，饲养，抚养提高，提升，饲养，抚养”raise the flagraise children太阳、旗帜、水位等太阳、旗帜、水位等的上升（具体概念）
6、的上升（具体概念）指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、指抽象概念（问题、麻烦、新的局面等）的一种出现新的局面等）的一种出现B四级词汇里还有一个表示四级词汇里还有一个表示“上上升升”的词：的词：soar(通常表示毫通常表示毫不费劲地上升到很高的高度不费劲地上升到很高的高度)5.词根、词缀的关系6.(5)There were some _ flowers on the table.7.A artificial B unnatural C false D unreal 8.artificial:人造的，人为的(artifact n.人工制品，加工品)9.artificial leg10.artificial l
7、eather(genuine leather)11.unnatural:形容人的行为举止不自然；不正常的12.a bird of unnatural size13.false:假（具有欺骗性的）14.false passport/false hair/false teeth15.unreal:虚幻的（不是真实世界所拥有的）16.unreal world17.AMore practice(6)This ticket _ you to a free meal in our new restaurant.A gives B grants C entitles D credits give sb.st
8、h.give sth.to sb.1)grant sb.sth 正式授予正式授予2)资助资助3)take sth.for granted 1)entitle sb.to sth.2)entitle sb.to do sth.使某人有得到某事的权利使某人有得到某事的权利1)学分学分2)credit card3)credit A to B把把A归归咎于咎于Be.g.credit the car accident to the drivers carelessnessC(7)A season ticket _ the holder to make as many journey as he wish
9、es within the stated period of time.A entitle B grants C presents D promises“赠与，给与赠与，给与”present withpromise to do sth.promise sb.sth.A(8)Everyone should be _ to a decent standard of living and an opportunity to be educated.A attributed B entitled C identified D justified attribute to 归归因于因于identify
10、sth.with sth.将将东东西与西与东西认为是相同的东西认为是相同的证明证明,表明表明B(9)She cooled the meat for a long time so as to make it _ enough to eat.A mild B slight C light D tender 温柔的温柔的(gentle)吃的东西不辣的吃的东西不辣的轻微的轻微的,少许的少许的e.g.A slightest change of the schedule may affect everyone.light 反反:heavy(rain)清淡的清淡的,容易消化的容易消化的(肉肉)嫩的嫩的Wil
11、d 粗野的，野蛮的粗野的，野蛮的Wild animal,wild horse,wild flowershotspicyD(10)When people become unemployed,it is _ which is often worse than lack of wages.A laziness B poverty C idleness D inability lazy bones懒骨头懒骨头贫穷贫穷,穷困穷困 poor无能力无能力idle:闲置的闲置的,闲逛闲逛(的的),游手好闲游手好闲e.g.idle capital idle away some time虚度光阴虚度光阴 kill
12、 time C(11)Please be careful when you are drinking coffee in case you _ the new carpet.A crash B pollute C spot D stain BACKcrash 表示飞机的失事表示飞机的失事wreck 轮船的失事轮船的失事accident 汽车的车祸汽车的车祸The strong storm did a lot of damage to the coastal villages:several fishing boats were _ and many houses collapsed.A wre
13、cked B spoiled C torn D injured injure:在事故中受伤在事故中受伤wound:(刀、枪等）伤刀、枪等）伤hurt:(感情、情感的）伤感情、情感的）伤n.污点，污迹污点，污迹(点状点状)v.使使有污点有污点spotted dogspitspotchopchip弄脏弄脏,染色染色(片状污迹片状污迹)DIV.形近词(1)Niagara Falls is a great tourist _,drawing millions of visitors every year.A attention B attraction C appointment D arrangem
14、ent Pay attention totractor:拖拉机拖拉机attraction:吸引力吸引力attract ones attention正式约会Keep appointmentBreak appointment男女之间的约会：date(2)The rain was heavy and _ the land was flooded.A consequently B continuously C constantly D consistently 相当于相当于therefore,比较正式，一般比较正式，一般在句首在句首连续地（没有间断性）连续地（没有间断性）continually 连续地
15、（有连续地（有间断性，时断时续的）间断性，时断时续的）“始终如一地，恒定地始终如一地，恒定地;总是总是”固定词伙：固定词伙：恒温恒温constant temperature“一贯地一贯地”固定词伙：固定词伙：consistent policylight rainrain cats and dogsA(3)I hate people who _ the end of a film that you havent seen before.A revise B rewrite C reveal D reverse Re-:again rewrite=write again review revise
16、Re-:back return reject reverse(转)：颠倒揭示，揭露c(4)Dont _ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A release B relieve C relate D retain release sth.to sb.“向某人发布、发行向某人发布、发行”固定词伙：固定词伙：release energy减轻痛苦、忧虑等减轻痛苦、忧虑等relieve your pain/worryn.relief固定搭配：固定搭配：to ones relief使某人宽慰的是使某人宽慰的是relate sth
17、.to sth.在思想或意义上在思想或意义上与与有联系有联系be related to保持，保持，保留保留A(5)The twentieth century has witnessed an enormous worldwide political,economic and cultural _.A tradition B transportation C transmission D transformation 传送,播送transmit v.D(6)There were no tickets _ for Fridays performance.A preferable B conside
18、rable C possible D available 可得到的可得到的,可应用的可应用的,可获得的可获得的The dictionary is available.The manager is available.There is no room(available)in our hotel.Consider v.Considerable:值得考虑的值得考虑的,可观的可观的,量大的量大的Considerate:考虑周到的考虑周到的-prefer(vt.)喜欢喜欢-prefer to do-prefer to do rather than(to)do 宁愿宁愿而不愿而不愿-prefer sth
19、.to sth./prefer doing to doing(prefer coffee to tea)DPreferable:更合适的更合适的,更喜欢更喜欢的的 具有比较意义的形容词具有比较意义的形容词(不能不能与与more,than,-er连用连用):superior to优于优于-inferior tosecond to 仅次于仅次于(Im second to none.)Sensitive to 对对感到敏感感到敏感(7)It is said that the math teacher seems _ towards bright students.A partial B benefi
20、cial C preferable D liable 偏爱的偏爱的partial to/towards impartial to/towards 不偏不倚的不偏不倚的benefit fromliable to sth.遭遭遇到某事遇到某事A(8)Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to pick up wonderful _ in the market.A batteries B bargains C baskets D barrels 装液体的大木桶装液体的大木桶便宜货，讨价还价便宜货，讨价还价
21、打折打折 discount 20%discountv.bargain with sb.与某人讨价还价与某人讨价还价 bargain about sth.就就讨价还价讨价还价B(9)Remember that customers dont _ about prices in that city.A debate B consult C dispute D bargain 辩论，辩论会辩论，辩论会咨询咨询consultant 顾问顾问反驳反驳beyond dispute 无可争辩无可争辩D(10)The neighborhood boys like to play basketball on th
22、e _ lot.A valid B vain C vacant D vague 具有法律具有法律效力的效力的没人占用而空没人占用而空,暂时没有充满而空暂时没有充满而空反反:occupiedempty 空空如也空空如也,什么也没有什么也没有in vain徒劳徒劳,白费力气白费力气含糊不清的含糊不清的 许多，大量许多，大量抽签抽签运气运气场地场地(11)Although they plant trees in this are every year,the tops of some hills are still _.A blank B hollow C vacant D bare 因为没写因为没
23、写字而空字而空中空的、中空的、空心的空心的反：反：solid光秃秃的（一光秃秃的（一般形容土地）般形容土地）bald 光头光头D动词词组及短语turn(1)Turn down 将音量关小，拒绝将音量关小，拒绝(2)Turn up 把音量开大；出现把音量开大；出现(3)Turn out 结果是、证明；生产结果是、证明；生产(4)Turn over 移交，转交（没有方向性）移交，转交（没有方向性）(5)Turn to 求助于，参考求助于，参考(6)Turn in 交给，上交交给，上交This company has turned out 100 cars.take over 接管接管hand ov
24、er交给，递给交给，递给Refer tomake(1)Make out 填表，填表，辨认出，理解明白，假装辨认出，理解明白，假装(2)Make for 朝朝走去走去(3)Make off 匆匆地离开某地匆匆地离开某地,逃走逃走(4)Make up (5)Make it=succeed in doing sth.(听力中常出现听力中常出现)(6)Make up for 弥补弥补,补偿补偿Leave for Shanghai.Make for my office.组成组成,构成构成+数字数字/百分比百分比be made up of 组成组成,构成构成(被被动动)补考补考缓考缓考take(1)Tak
25、e after在外貌在外貌,性格等方面与父母相象性格等方面与父母相象(2)Take apart(将大型机器将大型机器)分解，拆开分解，拆开(3)Take back 收回收回=withdraw(4)Take down 记下记下,写下写下(5)Take effect 生效生效(6)Take effective steps/measures采取有效措施采取有效措施(7)Take in 理解理解领悟领悟,吸收吸收(absorb),欺骗欺骗(cheat)(8)Take off 脱下脱下,(飞机飞机)起飞起飞(四级听力重点词组四级听力重点词组)(9)Take on 承担承担责任责任等等等等;雇佣雇佣(em
26、ploy);(10)Take out 抽出抽出,取出取出(13)Take turns+to do sth.轮流做某事轮流做某事(14)Take part in=participate in(15)Take the place of=replace(replace A with B)(16)Take up 占据时间占据时间;开始从事开始从事hand(1)Hand down 把把传下来传下来(2)Hand out 分发分发,分给分给call(1)Call for 要求要求,需求需求(2)Call in 邀请邀请,约进约进,叫进来叫进来(3)Call off(重点词组重点词组)cancel(4)Ca
27、ll on 拜访拜访,号召号召(5)Call out 大声叫喊大声叫喊;向向挑战挑战;(6)Call up动员动员,召集召集;打电话打电话;使人想起使人想起(7)Allow doing(8)Allow sb.To do sth.(9)Allow forgo(1)Go off 离开离开,爆炸爆炸,断电断电(2)Go after 追捕追捕;追求追求(3)Go along with 支持支持,赞同赞同;陪同某人前往陪同某人前往(4)Go around 四处走走四处走走;(消息等消息等)传开传开(5)Go back on 违背违背(6)Go by时间的流逝时间的流逝;遵守遵守,遵循遵循(7)Go fo
28、r 去拿去拿,去请去请;袭击袭击;适用于适用于(8)Go into 调查调查,研究研究;谈及谈及,谈论谈论(基本只考第二种意思基本只考第二种意思)(9)Go out 出去出去(从来不考从来不考);熄灭熄灭(10)Go over 复习复习;仔细检查仔细检查(11)Go through 遭受遭受,经历经历,度过度过(困难期等困难期等)(12)Go up 上升上升,上涨上涨(13)Go with 与与一起一起;与与协调一致协调一致break(1)Break through 取得突破性进展,突围,突破(2)Break away+from 与某人脱离关系(3)Break down(机器)坏了,汽车抛锚了
29、;谈判破裂;身体垮了(4)Break into 破门而入(5)Break off 中止,中断(6)Break out(火灾,战争,疾病等)爆发(7)Break up 打碎,结束Bird flu broke out.give(1)Give away 赠送赠送;泄露秘密泄露秘密(2)Give back 归还归还(3)Give in 屈服屈服,让步让步yield to(4)Give off指光指光热热烟等的散发烟等的散发释放释放(5)Give up 放弃放弃abandon(6)Give out 分发分发,分给分给Come&bring(1)Come about 发生发生 bring about 使发生
30、使发生(2)Come around 苏醒苏醒,复原复原 bring around 使苏醒使苏醒(3)Come off脱落脱落,分开分开;结果发现结果发现 bring off 使实现使实现,做做成某事成某事(4)Come out 出来出来;开花开花;出版出版;结果是结果是;表现表现,显露显露 bring out 使表现使表现;出版出版(5)Come over(从远处从远处)过来过来;改变立场改变立场 bring over 使使转变转变(思想思想)Come across=run into Come after跟踪而至跟踪而至Come at 袭击袭击Come to 总计总计Come up 出现出现Come up with Come into view/sight 印入眼帘印入眼帘Bring back 归还归还;使记忆使记忆Bring down 降低降低,打倒打倒Bring forth 生产生产Bring forward 提议提议Bring up 抚养抚养,养育养育