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1、绝密启封前20162016 普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷普通高等学校招生全国统一考试北京卷英英 语语第二部分第二部分 阅读理解共两节阅读理解共两节;满分满分 4040 分分第一节共 15 小题：每小题 2 分;满分 30 分阅读下列短文;从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C 和 D 中选出最佳选项;并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.A ADear Alfred;I want to tell you how important your help is to my life.Growing up;I had people telling me I was too slow;though;with an I
2、Q of 150 at 17;Im anything but stupid.The fact was that I was found to have ADIID注意力缺陷多动障碍.Anxious all the time;I was unable to keepfocused for more than an hour at a time.However;when something did interest me;I could become absorbed.In high school;I became curious aboutthe computer;and built my fi
3、rst website.Moreover;I completed the senior course of Computer Basics;plus fiverelevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity;my disease got worse.I wanted to go tocollege after high school;butcouldnt.So;I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online comp
4、uter courses of yourtraining center.Since then;I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics.Currently;Imlearning yourProbability course.I have hundreds of printer paper;covered in self-written notes from your video.This has givenme a purpose.Last year;I spent all my time looking f
5、or a job where;without dealing with the public;I could work alone;but still have a team to talk to.Luckily;I discovered the job Data Analystthis month and have been going fullsteam ahead.I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession;without going to college;and be just asgood as;if
6、 not better than;my competitors.Thank you.Youve given me hope thatI can follow my heart.For the first time;I feel good about myselfThis is why youre saving my life.Yours;Tanis56.Why didt Tanis go to college after high schoolA.She had learned enough about computer scienceC.She preferred taking online
7、 coursesA.working by herself57.AS for the working environment;Tains prefers_.B.dealing with the publicCpeting against othersD.staying with ADHD studentsB.share the ideas she had for her professionD.describe the courses she had taken so farB BSurviving Hurricane SandySurviving Hurricane Sandy飓风桑迪飓风桑迪
8、B.She had more difficulty keeping foucesedD.She was too slow to learnbecause Im doing something;not because someone told me I was doing good.I feel whole.58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_.A.explain why she was interested in the computerC.show how grateful she was to the centerNatalie Doan;14;h
9、as always felt lucky to live in Rockaway;New York.Living just a few blocks from thebeach;Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway sospecial;”she says.On October 29;2012;that ocean turned fierce.That night;Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast;an
10、dRockaway was hit especially hard.Fortunately;Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citysbridge closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day;they found their neighborhood in ruins.Many of Nataliesfriends had lost their homes and were living far away.All around her;people were
11、suffering;especially the elderly.Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days;the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie.V olunteers camewith carloads of donated clothing and toys.Neighbors devoted their spare time
12、to helping others rebuild.Teenagersclimbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-risebuildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me;”Natalie says.“but I can always choose how I dealwith it.”Natalies choice was to help.She
13、 created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to halp.Natalie postedintroduction about a boy named Patrick;who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down.Withindays;Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months;her website page helped lots of kid
14、s:Christopher;who received a new basketball;Charlie;who got a new keyboard.Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-need supplies toRockaway.Her efforts made her a famous person.Last April;she was invited to the White House and honored as aHurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today;t
15、he scars创痕 of destruction are still seen in Rockaway;but hope is in the air.The streets are clear;andmany homes have been rebuilt.“I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway;”Natalie declares.“Myneighborhood will be back;even stronger than before.”59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurr
16、icane;she found_.A.some friends had lost their livesC.her school had moved to BrooklynB.her neighborhood was destroyedD.the elderly were free from sufferingB.The people trapped in high_rise buildingD.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly peopleB.She took care of younger childrenD.She built an
17、 information sharing platformB.A friend in need is a friend indeedD.Technology is powerC CCalifornia CondorCalifornia Condor s Shocking Recoverys Shocking RecoveryCalifornia condors are North Americas largest birds;with wind-length of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s;electrical lines an d lead poisoning
18、铅中毒 nearly drove them to dying out.Now;electric shock training andmedical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.60.According to paragraph 4;who inspired Natalie mostA.The people helping Rockaway rebuild61.How did Natalie help the survivorsA.She gave her toys to the kids62.What does the sto
19、ry intend to tell usA.Little people can make a big differenceC.East or West;home is bestC.She called on the White House to helpC.The volunteers donating money to suevivorsIn the late 1980s;the last few condors were taken from the wild;and there are now more than 150 flying overCalifornia and nearby
20、Arizona;Utah and Baja in Mexico.Electrical lines have been killing them off.“As they go in to rest for thenight;they just dont see the power lines;”says Bruce Rideout of San DiegoZoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lines;resulting in electrocution电死 if they touch two lines at once.So scientis
21、ts have come up with a shocking idea.Tall poles;placed in large training areas;teach the birds tostay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock.Before the training wasintroduced;66%of set-freed condors died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%.Lead poison
22、ous has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animalscontaining lead;they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce babybirds;and can lead to kidney肾 failures and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to
23、Los Angeles Zoo;where they are treated with calcium EDTA;a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.Thiswork is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38%in 2000 to 5.4%in 2011.Rideouts team thinks that the California condors average survival
24、time in the wild is now just under eightyears.“Although these measures are not effective forever;they are vital for now;”he says.“They are truly goodbirds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them.”63.California condors attract researchers interest because they.A.are active at nightB.h
25、ad to be bred in the wildD.almost died out in the 1980sB.big killers of Califorbnia condorasD.used to keep condors awayB.has little effect on condors kidneysD.makes it different for condors to produce baby birdsC.are found on in California64.Researchers have found electrical lines are.A.blocking con
26、dors journey homeC.rest places for condors at night65.According to Paraghaph 5;lead poisoning.A.makes condors too nervous to fly66.The passage shows that.A.the average survival time of condors is satisfactoryB.Rideouts research interest lies in electric engineeringC.the efforts to protect condors ba
27、ve brought good resultsD.researchers have found the final answers to the problemD DWhy College Is Not HomeWhy College Is Not HomeThe college years are supposed to be a time for important growth in autonomy自主性 and the development ofadult identity.However;now they are becoming an extended period of ad
28、olescence;during which many of todaysstudents and are not shouldered with adult responsibilities.For previous generations;college was decisive break from parental control;guidance and support needed helpfrom people of the same age and from within.In the past two decades;however;continued connection
29、with anddependence on family;thanks to cellphones;email and social media;have increased significantly.Some parents goso far as to help with coursework.Instead of promoting the idea of college as a passage from the shelter of thefamily to autonomy and adult responsibility;universities have given in t
30、o the idea that they should provide the sameenvironment as that of the home.To prepare for increased autonomy and responsibility;college needs to be a time of exploration andC.can hardly be gotten rid of form condors bloodexperimentation.This process involves“trying on”new ways of thinking about one
31、self bothe intellectually在思维方面 and personally.While we should provide“safe spaces”within colleges;we must also make it safe to expressopinions and challenge majority views.Intellectual growth and flexibility are fostered on debate and questioning.Learning to deal with the social world is equally imp
32、ortant.Because a college community群体 differs fromthe family;many students will struggle to find a sense of belonging.If students rely on administrators to regulatetheir social behavior and thinking pattern;they are not facing the challenge of finding an identity within a largerand complex community.
33、Moreover;the tendency for universities to monitor and shape student behavior runs up against anothercharacteristic of young adults:the response to being controlled by their elders.If acceptable social behavior is toostrictly defined 规定 and controlled;the insensitive or aggressive behavior that admin
34、istrators are seeking tominimize may actually be encouraged.It is not surprising that young people are likely to burst out;particularly when there are reasons to do so.Ourgeneration once joined hands and stood firm at times of national emergency.What is lacking today is the conflictbetween adolescen
35、ts desire for autonomy and their understanding of an unsafe world.Therefore;there is the desirefor their dorms to be replacement homes and not places to experience intellectual growth.Every college discussion about community values;social climate and behavior should include recognition ofthe develop
36、mental importance of student autonomy and self-regulation;of the necessary tension between safety andself-discovery.67.Whats the authors attitude toward continued parental guidance to college studentsA.SympatheticB.DisapprovingC.SupportiveD.Neutral68.The underlined word“passage”in Paraghaph 2 means.
37、A.changeB.choiceC.textD.extension69.According to the anthor;what role should college playA.To develop a shared identity among studentsB.To define and regulate students social behaviorC.To provide a safe world without tension for studentsD.To foster students intellectual and personal development70.Wh
38、ich of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage第二节共 5 小题;每小题 2 分;满分 10 分根据短文内容;从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项;选项中有两项为多余选项.The Science of Risk-SeekingSometimes We decide that a little unnecessarydanger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward;the risk seems worth tasking.71
39、Some ofus enjoy activities that would surprise and scare the rest of us.Why Experts say it may have to do with how ourbrains work.The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans.Risk-takers were better athunting;fighting;or exploring.72As the quality of Risk-taking
40、was passed from on ration to the next;humansended up with a sense of adventure and a tolerance for risk.So why arent we all jumping out of airplanes then Well;even 200;000 years ago;too much risk-taking couldget one Killed.A few daring survived;though;along with a few stay-in-the-cave types.As a res
41、ult;humansdeveloped a range of character types that still exists today.So maybe you love car racing;or maybe you hate it.73No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range;scientists say that your Willingness to take risks increasesduring your teenage years.74To help you do that;your brain increase
42、s your hunger for new experiences.New experiences often mean taking some risks;so your brain raises your tolerance for risk as well.Mean taking some risks;so your brain raisers your tolerance for risk as well.75For the risk-seekers a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active;while for the
43、 rest of us;a partof the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking;well continue to hit the mountains;the waves or theshallow end of the pool.A.It all depends on your character.B.Those are the risks you should jump to take.C.Being better at those t
44、hings meant a greater chance of survival.D.Thus;these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest.E.This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world.F.However;we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G.New brain researc
45、h suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.第三部分第三部分 英语知识运用共两节英语知识运用共两节;满分满分 4545 分分第一节 完形填空共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分;满分 30 分阅读下面短文;从短文后各题所给的四个选项 A、B、C 和 D 中;选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项;并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.A Race Against DeathA Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska.The town
46、was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavysnow.On the 20th of that month;Dr.Welch36a Sick boy;Billy;and knew he had diphtheria;a deadlyinfectious 传染的 disease mainly affecting children.The children of Nome would be37if it struck the town.Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop o
47、ther kids from getting sick.38;the closest supply wasover 1;000 miles away;in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome The towns39was already full of ice;so it couldnt come by ship.Cars and horses couldnt travel on the40roads.Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.41January 26;Billy and th
48、ree other children had died.Twemty more were42.Nomes townofficials came up with an43.They would have the medicine sent by44from Anchorage to Nenana.Fromthere;dogeled 狗拉雪橇 driversknown as“mushers”would45it to Nome in a relay接力.The race began on January 27.The first musher;Shannon;picked up the medici
49、ne from the train at Nenanaand rode all night.46he handed the medicine to the next musher;Shannons face was black from the extremecold.On January 31;a musher named Seppala had to47a frozen body of water called Norton Sound.It wasthe most48part of the journey.Norton Sound was covered with ice;which c
50、ould sometimes break up withoutwarning.If that happened;Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would49;and so would the sickchildren ofNome.ButSeppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amushernamed Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point;huge pilesof sonw blocked his 50.H