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1、 Grammar Part 6一、过去分词作定语一、过去分词作定语观察观察 仔细观察下列几组句子中过去分词的用法仔细观察下列几组句子中过去分词的用法,然后加然后加以总结。以总结。1.But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.2.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.3.With this extra evidence John Snow was ab
2、le to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.4.Is there anyone injured?1.过去分词作定语时过去分词作定语时,表示动作在表示动作在_之前发生之前发生,已经完成并往往具有已经完成并往往具有_的意思的意思(见例句见例句3)。此时。此时,作定语作定语的过去分词一般是由的过去分词一般是由 _动词变来的动词变来的,因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。因为只有此类动词才有被动意义。及物及物 动作动作谓语谓语被动被动一、一、过去分词作定语过去分词作定语 1.1.前置定语前置定语归纳归纳1 1：单个的
3、过去分词作定语时，通常放单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词在被修饰的名词_。之前之前单个单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面前面;过去分词过去分词短语短语作定语，常放在被修饰作定语，常放在被修饰词的词的后面后面。English is a widely used language.This is one of the schools built in 1980.3.过去分词过去分词作定语作定语位置位置 a picture painted by Leonardo da Vincia woman dressed in white2.2.过去分词短语过去分
4、词短语作定语：通常作定语：通常_，其其作用相当于作用相当于定语从句定语从句。1)Its a picture _ _ painted by Leonardo da Vinci2)There was a woman _ _ dressed in whitethat/which wasthat/who was后置后置 单个过去分词修饰单个过去分词修饰 something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody，those 等等不定不定代词代词时，也要放在这些词时，也要放在这些词后面后面。Nothing reported(in the newspaper
5、)interested him.教育定语 The injured boy can not take part in the sports meet.All books which were borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday.Example The boy who is injured can not take part in the sports meet.All books borrowed from the library should be returned by Friday.位于位于系动词系动词后，不表示后，
6、不表示“被动被动”或或“完完成成”，而是表示主语的，而是表示主语的状态、特点或思状态、特点或思想感情想感情等。相当于形容词等。相当于形容词1.They are excited.2.He looked worried after reading the letter.3.When we heard of this,we were deeply moved.二二.过去分词过去分词作作表语表语系动词的分类：系动词的分类：“似乎类似乎类”：“感觉类感觉类”：“变成类变成类”：“仍然类仍然类”：基本形式基本形式：Be(am,is,are)seem,appear,lookfeel,sound,smell,
7、tastebecome,go,get,grow,fall,turnremain,stay,keep4.过去分词过去分词作表语作表语1.1.用作用作表语表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形形容词。容词。2.2.被动被动语态的过去分词被动意味很强语态的过去分词被动意味很强,句子句子主语为动作的承受者，主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟后面常跟byby短语短语。The glass was broken.The glass was broken by Tom.The windows are closed.The
8、 windows are closed by Jack.状态动作动作状态 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：前者表示主语的状态和特征前者表示主语的状态和特征,可被可被very修修饰饰;而后者则表示动作而后者则表示动作,不能被程度副词不能被程度副词very修修饰。试比较饰。试比较：Miss Green was very pleased with the dish which was cooked by herself.(was very pleased)是系表结构是系表结构;而而was cooked是是被动语态被动语态,表动作表动作,不能把不能把very放在放在co
9、oked之之前。前。过去分词作表语与动词过去分词作表语与动词-ing作表语的区别：作表语的区别：过去分词作表语过去分词作表语,表示被动或完成表示被动或完成,有时有时表示主语表示主语(人人)所处的心理状态所处的心理状态;而动词而动词-ing作表语作表语,表示主动或进行。如：表示主动或进行。如：Mr.Smith was very tired of the speech that was boring.一、单句填空一、单句填空 1.With the governments aid,those _(affect)by the earthquake have moved to the new settl
10、ements.2.The trees _(blow)down in the storm have been moved off the road.blown affected3.There was nobody _(injury).4.Most of the artists _(invite)to the party were from Shanghai.5.Global warming,once a distant threat,is becoming a _ reality and people in some parts of the world are really _(frighte
11、n).frightened injuredinvitedfrightening6.Sarah,hurry up.Im afraid you wont have time to get _(change)before the party.7.I had to borrow a pen from Jack,for mine was _(lose).lost changed8.They are cleaning the _(fall)leaves in the yard.9.He felt very _ when he heard the _ result.(disappoint)10.She re
12、mained _(marry)all her life and lived a lonely life.unmarriedfallendisappointeddisappointing二、语篇填空用二、语篇填空用 There is no doubt that the 21st century will be marked by a burst of new science and technology such as cloning(克隆克隆)and the Internet fills our heart with delight as well as awe.Future developm
13、ent of science and technology will bring us with both benefits and problems.1 _(be)sure,we human beings will enjoy the fruit of 2 _(advance)science and technology.3 _(consider)the case of cloning.解析：解析：1.to be sure 诚然。诚然。解析：解析：2.过去分词过去分词advanced当前置定语当前置定语,“先先进的进的”。解析：解析：3.此处应构成一个祈使句此处应构成一个祈使句,引出下文引出
14、下文,故填动词原形。故填动词原形。To beadvancedConsiderIt opens many 4 _(excite)possibilities,from saving 5 _(endanger)animal species to 6 _(produce)organs for transplant patients.解析解析:4.现在分词现在分词exciting修饰事物修饰事物,“令人激动的令人激动的”。解析解析:5.animal species与与endanger构成被动关系构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语故用过去分词作定语,“濒临灭绝的濒临灭绝的”。解析解析:6.from.to结构中的结构中的to是介词是介词,故填动名词形故填动名词形式作宾语。式作宾语。excitingendangeredproducing