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1、本课时重、难点重点重点:动词动词-ing形式的作用形式的作用 动词动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用形式在做状语时的作用难点难点:动词动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别形式的一般式与完成式的区别观察下列例句观察下列例句,思考划线部分作用。思考划线部分作用。(1)This is an interesting book.()(2)The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.()(3)Seeing the teacher entering the room,the students stood up.()(4)I saw the boy w
2、alking on the street yesterday.()(5)Playing football is his favotire sport.()(6)I didnt stop working last night.()(7)My work is teaching English.()定语定语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语 动词动词-ing是动词是动词非谓语形式非谓语形式中的一种中的一种,单独使单独使用时用时,能在句中做能在句中做除除 _ 之外的任何其他句子之外的任何其他句子成分。如成分。如:主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。补等
3、。在语态上，动词在语态上，动词-ing表示表示 _ (主动主动/被动的动作被动的动作)。在时间上在时间上,动词动词-ing一般表示一般表示 _ (正在进行正在进行/已经完成的动作）已经完成的动作）。谓语谓语主动主动正在进行正在进行Looking carefully at the ground,I made myway to the edge of the crater.Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,I didnt take much notice.Looking carefully at the gro
4、und,I Having experienced quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,I The ing form is used as an adverbial.ing形式的完成式所形式的完成式所表示的时间表示的时间在主要谓语动词之前在主要谓语动词之前The ing form can be used as an adverbial in a sentence to give information about _,_,_,_,etc.It rained heavily,causing severe flooding in the area.结果
5、结果Being tired,I stopped to take a rest.Having been written in haste,the book has some faults.原因原因Walking along the street,I met Mary.Having finished my work,I went home.时间时间 I stood there,waiting for her.The boy was left there,crying.伴随伴随条件条件1.Having written the letter,John went to the post office.2
6、.Seeing the beautiful sight,the children felt excited.V-ingdoinghaving done 表动作表动作有先有后有先有后表动作表动作同时发生同时发生1._ him the answer several times,I didnt know if he could understand.2._ the answer several times,he still couldnt solve the question.Having toldHaving been toldhaving done主句主语主句主语为动作的为动作的发出者发出者。主
7、句主语主句主语为动作的为动作的承受者承受者。having been done3._(咬咬)by the snake once,she feels frightened when _ _(看到蛇看到蛇).2._(听到这个消息听到这个消息),we got excited.1._(刷完牙刷完牙),Mr.Brown came downstairs for breakfast.Having brushed his teethHearing the newsHaving been bittenseeing分词短语做状语时分词短语做状语时,前前面可以加上连词面可以加上连词,如如 if,unless,when
8、,while,once,though,etc.a snakearrive,give,spend,take and buy.1 _ the wrong bus,Martin found himself in an unfamiliar district.2 _ her opinion about protecting the environment,she left the meeting.Having takenHaving given3 _ the precious necklace,she had no money left.4 _ all day at home writing,the
9、novelist went out for a walk in the evening.5 _ early for his date,Mark spent time reading the newspaper.Having boughtHaving spentHaving arrived1.When she woke up in the middle of the night she saw her room was as light as day._ in the middle of the night,shesaw her room was as light as day.Waking u
10、p2.After we had stopped the car,we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldnt see clearly ahead._ the car,we found ourselves trapped in thick fog and couldnt see clearly ahead.Having stopped3.Because I had spent all night reading the documents,I was very tired the next day._ all night reading
11、the documents,I was very tired the next day.Having spent4.As the child had never seen a rainbow before,he was very excited._ a rainbow before,he was very excited.Having never seenSometimes adverbial clauses introduced by when,after,as,because and so on can be replaced by the ing form.1.分词分词(短语短语)作状语
12、时作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用必须用独立独立主格结构主格结构来表示来表示,也就是在分词前面加上它也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。的逻辑主语。使用使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题形式需注意的几个问题Comparing all the great people with each other,youll find that they have much in common.Finding her car stolen,she hurried to a policeman for help.The train having
13、gone,we had to wait another day.分析分析:前两例中前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中主句的主语。最后一例中having gone的的逻辑主语是逻辑主语是 the train。1.If it is sunny,well go for a picnic tomorrow._ _ _,well go for a picnic tomorrow.2.As it was a holiday,all the shops were shut._ _ _ _,all the shops were shut.3.When autumn c
14、omes,swallows go to the south._ _,swallows go to the south.It being sunnyIt being a holidayAutumn comingNot fearing the fire,the child touched and got a finger burnt.小孩儿不知道小孩儿不知道 怕火怕火,用手去摸用手去摸,把手指烫了把手指烫了Not knowing how to find the subway,I asked a policeman for help.我不知怎样找到地铁我不知怎样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙就去找警察帮忙
15、。2.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上加上 not,never等否定词构成。如等否定词构成。如:An eyewitness account of a murder at Flat 3,Southampton Gardens,London _(arrive)at the party,I found all my friends were already there.The dancing was just beginning._(stand),I saw some of my friends _(chat)at a table.So I went over to
16、join them.ArrivingStandingchattingAll this while I had not seen my hostess._(take)a drink,I felt uncomfortable and got a headache.A maid took me upstairs to rest.It was about 10 pm._(rest)for a while,I felt better and went to the balcony to have some fresh air.Having takenHaving restedIt was at that moment that I realized something was wrong._(hear)a scream,I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess _(lie)unconscious on the floor,surrounded by her guests.She was shot.Hearing lyingFinish Using Structures 1,2,3 on page 71.