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1、专项语法十五特殊句式专项语法十五特殊句式要点精析要点精析一、倒装一、倒装1完全倒装完全倒装谓谓语语动动词词完完全全搬搬到到主主语语之之前前的的句句子子，便便是是完完全全倒倒装装句句。这类句型主要有两种：这类句型主要有两种：(1)表表示示方方式式或或方方位位的的副副词词或或介介词词短短语语，如如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等，置于句首时。等，置于句首时。In a lecture hall of a university in England sits a professor.在英格在英格兰兰
2、一所大学的一所大学的讲讲堂里坐着一位教授。堂里坐着一位教授。South of the river lies a small factory.一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。Here is the book you want.你要的你要的书书在在这这儿。儿。Then came the order to take off.起起飞飞的命令到了。的命令到了。Now comes your turn.现现在在轮轮到你了。到你了。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。注意：上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则不用倒装。Away they went.他们走了。他们走了。Over
3、it turns!它翻过来了。它翻过来了。例例(2009上上海海)Hearing the dog barking fiercely,away_.A.fleeing the thief B.was fleeing the thief C.the thief was fleeing D.fled the thief 解解析析：本本题题考考查查了了全全部部倒倒装装句句。句句意意：听听到到狗狗的的狂狂叫叫声声，小小偷偷逃逃掉掉了了。表表地地点点方方位位的的副副词词away放放于于句句首首时时，句句子子要要全全部部倒倒装装。正正常常的的语语序序是是“The thief fled away.”故故选选D。
4、答案：答案：D(2)表表语语位位于于句句首首时时，其其倒倒装装结结构构为为“表表语语连连系系动动词词主主语语”。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.许许多来自中国的科学家出席了会多来自中国的科学家出席了会议议。Gone are the days when we were poor.我我们贫穷们贫穷的日子一去不复返了。的日子一去不复返了。2部分倒装部分倒装(1)only修修饰饰副副词词、介介词词短短语语或或状状语语从从句句，且且放放在在句句首首时时。Only then did we decide to answer vio
5、lence with violence.直到那直到那时时，我，我们们才决定以暴制暴。才决定以暴制暴。Only in this way can we learn English well.只有以只有以这这种方法，我种方法，我们们才能学好英才能学好英语语。Only when he returned did we find out the truth.只有当他回来只有当他回来时时，我，我们们才能才能查查明事明事实实真相。真相。注意：注意：only修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。修饰主语时，句子不可倒装。Only you can solve the problem.只有你能解决这个问题。只有你能解决这个问题
6、。(2)否否定定副副词词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及及表表否否定定意意义义的的介介词词短短语语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时。等置于句首时。Never before have I seen such a moving film.I have never seen such a moving film before.以前我从未看以前我从未看过这过这么感人的么感人的电电影。影。Not a sin
7、gle mistake did he make.He didnt make a single mistake.他一个他一个错误错误也没犯。也没犯。例例(2009陕陕西西)Little_about her own safety,though she was in great danger herself.A.did Rose care B.Rose did care C.Rose does care D.does Rose care 解解析析：本本题题考考查查倒倒装装语语序序。句句意意：虽虽然然身身处处险险境境，Rose却却丝丝毫毫不不在在乎乎她她个个人人的的安安危危。否否定定副副词词littl
8、e置置于于句句首首，全全句句主主谓谓需需部部分分倒倒装装。且且though引引导导的的从从句句时时态态为为一一般般过过去去时时。故。故选选A。答案：答案：A(3)hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等等引引导导两两个个分分句句时时，前前一一个个分分句句用用部部分分倒倒装装，后后一一个个分分句句不不变变。但但当当neither.nor.引引导导两两个个分分句句时时，两两个个分分句都要部分倒装。句都要部分倒装。Hardly had he begun to speak when his father stopped him.他他刚刚一开始一开
9、始说话说话他父他父亲亲就制止了他。就制止了他。Neither do I know,nor does she.我不知道，她也不知道。我不知道，她也不知道。(4)so/neither/nor置置于于句句首首，意意为为“也也(不不)”，表表示示前前面面所所说说的的情情况况也也适适用用于于另另一一个个人人或或事事物物时时，要要用用部部分分倒倒装装，其其句句型型为为：so/neither/norbe动动词词/助助动动词词/情情态态动动词词主主语语。so与与前前面面的的肯肯定定句句呼呼应应，neither,nor与与前前面面的的否否定句相呼定句相呼应应。They love having lots of f
10、riends;so do those with disabilities.他他们们喜喜欢拥欢拥有有许许多朋友，残疾人也是如此。多朋友，残疾人也是如此。I dont know who he is,nor do I want to know.我不知道他是我不知道他是谁谁，我也不想知道。，我也不想知道。注意：注意：so表示表示“是的，确实是的，确实”时，主谓语不倒装。时，主谓语不倒装。It is too hot.天太热了。天太热了。So it is.是啊，的确很热。是啊，的确很热。(5)在在so/such.that.句句式式中中，如如果果so/such引引导导的的部部分分位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓
11、语需要部分倒装。位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语需要部分倒装。So dark was it that he couldnt see the faces of his companions.天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。天这么黑，他看不见同伴的脸。So frightened was she that she could not say a word.她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。So loudly did he speak that even the people in the next room could hear him.他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能
12、听见。他说话声音如此大以至于隔壁的人都能听见。例例(2010东东城城检检测测)_that all mountain roads were closed.ASo became the dangerous weatherBSo dangerous did the weather becomeCSo dangerous became the weatherDDangerous the weather became so解解析析：考考查查倒倒装装和和固固定定句句式式。句句意意：天天气气如如此此危危险险，所所有有的的山山路路都都被被封封闭闭了了。在在“so.that.”结结构构中中，若若so位位于于句句
13、首首，从从句句要要倒倒装装。本本句句相相当当于于“The weather became so dangerous that all mountain roads were closed.”。故。故选选B。答案：答案：B(6)以以as引引导导的的让让步步状状语语从从句句，其其表表语语应应提提到到句句首首，其其余余部部分分不不变变。如如果果从从句句的的表表语语是是个个名名词词时时，要要把把名名词词前前的的冠冠词词去去掉掉。though引引导导的的让让步步状状语语从从句句也也可可以以用用这这种种形形式式，但但 也也 可可 以以 用用 正正 常常 结结 构构。其其 结结 构构 一一 般般 为为“adj
14、./adv./v./v.ed/v.ing/n.as/though主主语语谓语谓语”。Young as/though she is,she has seen much of the world.她她虽虽然年然年轻轻，但却，但却见过见过很多世面。很多世面。Woman as she is,she is courageous.她她虽虽然是女人，但却很勇敢。然是女人，但却很勇敢。例例(2009重重 庆庆)Unsatisfied_with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.Athough was he Bthough
15、he wasChe was though Dwas he though解解析析：句句意意：尽尽管管对对工工资资不不满满意意，但但为为了了获获得得工工作作经经验验，他他还还是是接接受受了了这这份份工工作作。though引引导导状状语语从从句句可可用用倒倒装装的的形形式式，即即从从句句中中的的表表语语、状状语语或或动动词词原原形形置置于于句句首首，但但主主谓谓顺顺序序不不变变。though引引导导的的从从句句也也可可以以不不倒倒装装，前前半半句句可可写写为为：Though he was unsatisfied with the payment。故故选选B。答案：答案：B(7)省省略略if的的倒倒装
16、装句句型型。如如果果虚虚拟拟语语气气的的条条件件句句中中谓谓语语有有系系动动词词were，助助动动词词had或或情情态态动动词词should等等，可可省省去去if，把，把were,had或或should移到主移到主语语之前。之前。Were I you(If I were you),I would take his advice.如果我是你，我会接受他的建如果我是你，我会接受他的建议议。Should it rain tomorrow(If it should rain tomorrow),the sports meeting would be put off.万一明天下雨，运万一明天下雨，运动动
17、会就会推会就会推迟举迟举行。行。二、强调二、强调强强调调句句的的基基本本句句型型是是“It is/was被被强强调调的的部部分分that/who其其他他部部分分”。被被强强调调的的部部分分可可以以是是主主语语、宾宾语语和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：和状语等。强调句型的使用特点主要有以下几个方面：1被被强强调调的的是是状状语语或或状状语语从从句句时时，要要用用that引引导导从从句，而不能用句，而不能用which，而且通常不能省略。，而且通常不能省略。It was in the park that I met him.我是在公园里遇到他的。我是在公园里遇到他的。It was i
18、n 1964 that the first telephone satellite was set up by the Group of 17 Countries.17国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在国集团发射第一颗电话卫星是在1964年。年。例例(2009浙江浙江)Ive read another book this week.Well,maybe_is not how much you read but what you read that counts.Athis BthatCthere Dit解解析析：考考查查强强调调结结构构。该该句句为为“it is not.but.that”强强调调结
19、结构构。此此处处被被强强调调句句型型为为not how much you read but what you read，判判断断强强调调部部分分的的关关键键是是去去掉掉It is.that后后，句意仍然保持完整。所以句意仍然保持完整。所以选选D项项。答案：答案：D2被被强强调调的是人的是人时时，引，引导词导词可用可用who，也可用，也可用that。Was it you that/who let out the secret to her?是你把是你把这这个秘密泄露个秘密泄露给给她的她的吗吗？注意：注意：当被当被强强调调的是主的是主语时语时，代，代词词要用主格形式。要用主格形式。It was I
20、 who put forward the theory first.是我最先提出是我最先提出这这个理个理论论的。的。3被被强强调调的的不不管管是是单单数数还还是是复复数数名名词词，主主句句的的be动动词词都用都用单单数数is或或was。It was Madame Curie and her husband who discovered radium.是居里夫人和她的丈夫是居里夫人和她的丈夫发现发现了了镭镭。It is the PLA men who/that are safeguarding our country day and night.是解放是解放军战军战士日夜保士日夜保卫卫着我着我们
21、们的祖国。的祖国。4对对not.until.时时间间状状语语从从句句进进行行强强调调时时，其其句句型型是是：It is/was not until.that从从句句，即即not和和until在在强强调调句句中中总总是是紧紧挨挨着着的的。注注意意习习惯惯上上不不用用not till，而而且且从从句句不不能能用用when引引导导。It was not until the last operation was finished that Bethune left the battle hospital.直到做完最后一个手直到做完最后一个手术术白求恩才离开白求恩才离开战战地医院。地医院。5强强调调句的
22、疑句的疑问问形式。形式。When was it that he made up his mind to take this course?他什么他什么时时候决定候决定选选修修这这一一课课程的？程的？Why is it that he doesnt like the book?他他为为什么不喜什么不喜欢这欢这本本书书？Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out?第二次世界大第二次世界大战战是在是在1939年爆年爆发发的的吗吗？Who was it that broke the window?打破窗打破窗户户的是的是谁谁？When was
23、it that you called me yesterday?你昨天你昨天给给我打我打电话电话是什么是什么时时候？候？What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么？你要我干什么？例例(2010江江西西九九校校一一模模)_you found out the accident which happened a month ago?By looking into it.AIt was where that BWas it how thatCHow was it that DWas it what that解解析析：考考查查强强调调句句型型在在疑疑问问句句中中的的
24、用用法法。根根据据回回答答可可以以知知道道应应该该用用how，而而在在特特殊殊疑疑问问句句中中语语序序应应该该用用部部分分倒倒装，装，强强调调方式的搭配方式的搭配为为How is/was it that.。故。故选选C。答案：答案：C例例(2010石石家家庄庄检检测测)I still remember how many years ago_I last met her in the countryside.Awhen it was Bwas it thatCwhen was it Dit was that解解析析：考考查查强强调调句句型型。remember后后的的部部分分是是宾宾语语从从句句，
25、从从句句中中含含有有一一个个强强调调句句型型，被被强强调调部部分分是是how many years ago。故。故选选D。答案：答案：D6强强调调句型与句型与It is/was时间时间when从句。从句。在在上上述述句句型型中中it指指时时间间，when引引导导的的是是时时间间状状语语从从句句。注意两种句型注意两种句型“时间时间”表达方式的不同。表达方式的不同。It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday.昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。昨天晚上我半夜才回到家。It was midnight when I got here yesterday.昨天
26、当我到达昨天当我到达这这儿儿时时，已是半夜了。，已是半夜了。三、省略三、省略1状语从句的省略状语从句的省略(1)有有些些时时间间、条条件件、方方式式、让让步步状状语语从从句句中中，如如果果从从句句的的主主语语和和主主句句主主语语一一致致或或从从句句的的主主语语为为it，而而且且从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词又又包包含含be，就就可可以以省省略略从从句句中中的的“主主语语be”部分。部分。While(I was)in Beijing,I paid a visit to the Great Wall.在北京时，我去游览了长城。在北京时，我去游览了长城。If(you are)asked,you may
27、 come in.如果被叫到，你可以进来。如果被叫到，你可以进来。She stood at the gate as if(she was)waiting for someone.她站在她站在门门口好像在等人。口好像在等人。Though(it was)cold,he still wore a shirt.尽管冷，他仍穿着件尽管冷，他仍穿着件衬衬衫。衫。(2)还还有有诸诸如如：if so(如如果果如如此此)；if any(如如果果有有)；if in need(如如果果需需要要)；if necessary(如如果果有有必必要要);if not(如如果果不不的的话话)；if ever(如果曾如果曾经经
28、的的话话)；if possible(如果可能的如果可能的话话)。Errors,if(there are)any,should be corrected.如果有什么如果有什么错误错误，就，就应应当改正。当改正。Come tomorrow if(it is)possible.有可能的有可能的话话明天来。明天来。Get up early tomorrow,if not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.明天早点起床，如果不的明天早点起床，如果不的话话，你会，你会错过错过早班早班车车。He may not be at home the
29、n,if so(he is not at home)，leave him a note.那那时时他可能不在家，如果他可能不在家，如果这样给这样给他留下字条吧。他留下字条吧。2Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等等作作答答句句，后后面面跟跟so与与not分分别别等等于于肯肯定定或或否否定定，宾宾语语从从句句可可省省去。去。Do you think it will rain?你你认为认为将会下雨将会下雨吗吗？I hope not(that it will not rain)我希望不下雨。我希望不下雨。Do you believe our team
30、will win?你相信我你相信我们们的的队队会会赢吗赢吗？I guess so.(that our team will win)我猜会我猜会赢赢。3不定式省略，不定式省略，单单独使用不定式符号独使用不定式符号to(1)用用来来代代替替动动词词不不定定式式后后被被省省略略的的动动词词，常常在在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后等的后边边。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.我我请请他去看他去看电电
31、影，但他不想去。影，但他不想去。(2)在在have,need,ought,be going,used等后面。等后面。I didnt want to go there,but I had to.我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。我不想去那儿，但我不得不去。(3)在在某某些些形形容容词词glad,happy,pleased,delighted等等后后面。面。Will you join in the game?你愿意加入做游你愿意加入做游戏吗戏吗？Id be glad to.我很高我很高兴兴加入。加入。(4)如如果果不不定定式式中中含含有有be,have,have been，通通常常保保留留be,have
32、和和have been。Are you a sailor?你是海你是海员吗员吗？No,but I used to be.不，但我不，但我过过去是。去是。例例(2009江江苏苏)What s the matter with Della?Well,her parents wouldnt allow her to go to the party,but she still _.Ahopes to Bhopes soChopes not Dhopes for解解析析：考考查查不不定定式式的的省省略略。动动词词不不定定式式省省略略时时，要要保保留留动词动词不定式符号不定式符号to。答案：答案：A四、反意
33、疑问句四、反意疑问句1陈述部分含有陈述部分含有must的反意疑问句的反意疑问句must作作“一一定定，准准是是”讲讲，可可首首先先将将句句子子改改为为“I am sure that”从从句句，反反意意疑疑问问部部分分的的动动词词形形式式根根据据be sure后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。后的宾语从句的谓语动词形式确定。(1)You must be hungry now，_？I am sure that you are hungry,arent you？You must be hungry now,arent you?你一定饿了，是吗？你一定饿了，是吗？(2)You must have hea
34、rd about it，_？I am sure that you have heard about it,havent you？You must have heard about it,havent you?你一定听你一定听说过这说过这事了，是事了，是吗吗？(3)You must have watched that football match last night，_？I am sure that you watched that football match last night,didnt you？You must have watched that football match las
35、t night,didnt you?你你昨昨晚晚一一定定看看足足球球赛赛了了，是是吗吗？(陈陈述述部部分分有有表表示示过过去的去的时间时间状状语语last night)2 主主 句句 谓谓 语语 动动 词词 think,believe,suppose,guess,expect,imagine的的主主语语为为第第一一人人称称时时，疑疑问问部部分分的的主主语语和和谓谓语语动动词词与与宾宾语语从从句句的的主主语语和和谓谓语语保保持持一一致致；若若他他们们的的主主语为语为第二、三人称第二、三人称时时，后面的反，后面的反问问部分由主句来决定。部分由主句来决定。I dont believe he will
36、 succeed,will he?我我认为认为他不会成功，是他不会成功，是吗吗？Tom doesnt believe Jack will succeed,does he?汤汤姆不相信杰克能成功，姆不相信杰克能成功，对吗对吗？3祈使句的反意疑祈使句的反意疑问问句句祈祈使使句句中中的的后后半半部部分分附附加加问问句句，不不表表示示反反意意，而而表表示示一种一种语语气。其气。其结结构构为为：(1)否定祈使句，否定祈使句，will you?(2)肯定祈使句，肯定祈使句，will/wont you?Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?Let第三人称第三人称.，will you
37、?Open the door,will/wont you?打开打开门门，好，好吗吗？Lets go out for a walk,shall we?我我们们出去散步，好出去散步，好吗吗？Let us go home now,will/wont you?现现在，在，(您您)让让我我们们回家，好回家，好吗吗？例例(2009上上海海)Sallys never seen a play in the Shanghai Grand Theatre,_？A.hasnt she B.has she C.isnt she D.is she 解解析析：句句意意：萨萨利利从从未未在在上上海海戏戏院院看看过过戏戏，是是吗吗？句句中中陈陈述述部部分分是是现现在在完完成成时时的的否否定定句句，故故附附加加疑疑问问句句部部分分用用肯定形式肯定形式has she?答案：答案：B