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1、Lesson 62drought(旱灾旱灾)tsunami(海啸海啸)typhoon（台风）（台风）fire(火灾）火灾）control kntrul n.控制控制 be in control of sth.指挥，管理或指挥，管理或控控制制 Who is in control of the plan?under control 在控制之中在控制之中 The fire has been under control.火势已受到控制。火势已受到控制。Dont worry,everything is under control.out of control 失去控制失去控制 The forest fi
2、re was out of control.这这场森林火灾场森林火灾失去了控制。失去了控制。v.控制控制 I can control it.=I can manage it.我能对付我能对付(口语口语)Smokesmoke smuk n.烟（雾）烟（雾）full of smoke 充满烟雾充满烟雾 There is no smoke without fire.无风不起浪无风不起浪have a smoke 抽一只烟抽一只烟smoker n.抽烟的人抽烟的人 heavy smoker 烟瘾重的人烟瘾重的人；nonsmoker 不抽烟的人不抽烟的人 v.吸烟吸烟 Dont smoke!=No smo
3、king!He smoked heavily.smoking area/smoking room 吸烟室吸烟室 cigarette=cigar n.香烟香烟 desolate deslt adj.荒凉的荒凉的 n a desolate house 废屋废屋n desolate adj.荒凉的（荒凉的（与地方相连，表示无与地方相连，表示无n 人居住人居住,荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的荒无人烟的）；极度孤独的(与人相连与人相连 n 时时)n lonely adj.孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（孤独的，荒凉的，偏僻的（与地方与地方 n 连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）连表示孤零零的，但并不表示无人居住）t
4、hreaten retn v.n威胁威胁 nthreaten to do sth.威胁着要做威胁着要做；有迹象表明；有迹象表明 nHe threatened to make the photo public.nthreaten sb.with sth.以以来威胁来威胁/恐吓某人恐吓某人 nThe thief threatened him with a knife.n有有预兆预兆nIt threatened to rain.有迹象表明天要下雨了。有迹象表明天要下雨了。nsurrounding sraundi nadj.周周围围的的 the surrounding country 近郊近郊nn.周
5、周围围的事物，的事物，环环境境 n school surroundings 学校环境学校环境n surround v围绕围绕，包，包围围，围围住住n I live in an old town which is surrounded n by beautiful woods.ndestruction distrkn n.n 破坏破坏,毁灭毁灭n The fire caused the destruction of my books.ndestructive adj.毁灭毁灭性的性的 a destructive fire ndestroy v.破坏破坏 nconstruct v.建设建设(为为创
6、造更好的条件创造更好的条件)nconstruction n.建设建设,建筑建筑 nconstruction bank 建设银行建设银行 flood fld n.洪水洪水,水灾水灾 at the flood 涨涨潮潮 a flood of tears 泪如泉涌泪如泉涌 row against the flood 逆水行舟逆水行舟v.淹没淹没 The room is flooded with water.v.溢溢满满 Warmth flooded my heart.spray sprei v.喷撒喷撒 spray sth.over/on 往往上喷洒上喷洒 spray water over/on f
7、lower spray grass-seed over/on the ground grass-seed 草籽草籽grassland 草地草地grass-seeder 草籽播种机草籽播种机grassroots 基层民众，草根基层民众，草根 quantity kwntti n.（数）量（数）量 n quantities of 大量的大量的 n =in large quantity 大量大量n small 少量少量n quality kwlti n.质质量量 n sth.with good quality 具有好具有好质质量的量的东东西西 n I prefer quality to quantit
8、y.root ru:t,rut n.根，根茎根，根茎 root of 的根的根 take root 生根生根 come out 长长出来出来 shoot come out 发发芽（芽（shoot n.芽）芽）flower come out 开花开花 n.本本质质;根源根源 the root of the problemv.使立定不使立定不动动；使固定；使固定 Fear rooted her to the ground.她吓的呆若木她吓的呆若木鸡。vblacken blkn v v.变变黑，黑，发发暗暗 v The smoke has blackened the walls.v 烟把烟把墙墙熏黑
9、了。熏黑了。v -en后后缀缀表示表示动词动词，译为译为“使使变变得得”v weak adj.虚弱的虚弱的 weaken v.v 使使变变弱，削弱弱，削弱v dark adj 黑暗的黑暗的darken v.v 使使变变暗暗，模糊模糊1、Firemen had been fighting the forest fire for nearly three weeks before they could get it under control.fight sth.和作搏斗 fire for freedom为自由而战 fight a good fight 打了一场漂亮的仗 have a fight打
10、仗get it under control 表示“使它得到控制”，get有“使处于某种状态”的 含义，“get+宾语+介词短语”作宾补:2、A short time before,great trees had covered the countryside for miles around.a short time before 不久以前，从过去某一点 时间算起，一段时间以前（同义词组：a short while before,not long ago）great trees 参天大树for miles around 方圆几英里（around表示“在周围，向四周”）This is the o
11、nly modern building for miles around.3、Now,smoke still rose up from the warm ground over the desolate hills.v rise up(from)从从 升上来升上来 v smoke rise up (烟、雾烟、雾)弥漫弥漫 v rise to ones feet 站起身站起身v rise in the world 出头，发迹出头，发迹v The sun rises in the east.4、Winter was coming on and the hills threatened the su
12、rrounding villages with destruction,for heavy rain would not only wash away the soil but would cause serious floods as well.winter was coming on 冬季即将来临(季节的来临的通用表达式)，come on的过去进行时形式表示的是过去将来时，它在这里表示季节的“到来，来临”：for 因为，由于（用于主句之后，补充说明理由）I ll follow his advice,for he is a doctor.下面两个词也可以表示原因：As it is raini
13、ng,let s stay at home.Since you have no license,you are not allowed to drive.wash away 冲掉，冲走，洗掉 A wooden bridge was washed away by the flood.5、When the fire had at last been put out,the forest authorities ordered several tons of a special type of grass-seed which would grow quickly.put out 扑灭扑灭 orde
14、r 定购定购 We can order some more books online.命令，吩咐命令，吩咐 order sb to do He ordered the army to circle the enemy.6、In place of the great trees which had been growing there for centuries patches of green had begun to appear in the blackened soil.in place of 替代，取代(只能指代位置、空间，原来放的东西现在不在了)e.g.Jane couldnt go
15、,so I attended the conference in her place.take the place of=replace Who will take the place of Mr White?谁将代替怀特先生？instead of 替代+没做的事 Instead of staying home,I went to school.Grammar1.构成，构成，had+过去分词过去分词2.概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或概念，它表示过去某时或某动作发生之前已经完成的动作或情况，情况，即即“较早的过去较早的过去”。常用的连词有。常用的连词有when,after,
16、as soon as,(not)until,by thattime,(neverbefore,already,for,since,just等。等。After he had said goodbye to us all,Captain Alison started his journey.除此之外还常与连词除此之外还常与连词no soonerthan和和hardlywhen连用。连用。He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country.过去完成时过去完成时 （The simple pa
17、st perfect tense)Grammar 一、构成：一、构成：had been+现在分词现在分词二、二、concept1、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去、过去完成进行时用于强调某动作在过去更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过更早的某一段时间内一直在进行，并对过去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表去某一时刻产生结果。与它经常连用的表示时间的词有示时间的词有before,for,since,all day等等.She was very tired.She had been typing letters all days.Id been racing horses for years b
18、efore I met my wife.过去完成进行时过去完成进行时（the past perfect progressive tense)Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较1、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时、过去完成时和过去完成进行时有时可以替换可以替换使用：使用：Dan had worked/had been working for the firm for fifteen years when I first met him.我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了我第一次遇到丹时，他已在该公司干了15年了。年了。2.She had cleaned
19、the office,so it was very tidy.她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。她已经打扫过办公室了，所以很整洁。(强调结果强调结果)She had been cleaning the office,so we had to wait outside.她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着她一直在打扫办公室，所以我们不得不在外面等着。(强调动作一直在进行强调动作一直在进行)Grammar过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较过去完成进行时与过去完成时的比较3、需要表示某个工作、需要表示某个工作已经完成已经完成时，只能用过去完成时时，只能用过去完成时.When I got hom
20、e,I found that Jill had been painting her room.我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）我回到家时，看见吉尔在粉刷她的房间。（工作尚未完成）When I got home,I found that Jill had painted her room.我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）我回到家时，吉尔已经粉刷过她的房间了。（已完成）When I arrived,theyd already put the fire out.我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行时）我到达时，他们已经把火扑灭了。（不可用过去完成进行
21、时）Exercises 1.they received the parcel that they _ for a long time.A.expected B.have expected C.had been expecting D.had expected2.He _ more than 5,000 English words when he entered university at the age of 15.A.has learned B.would have learned C.learned D.had learned3.She didnt pass the exams becau
22、se she_ her lessons well.A.wasnt prepared B.wasnt been prepared C.hadnt prepared D.was preparing4.We _ four thousand new words by the end of last years.A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learnedcDCBControl and Check1.control vt.控制，指挥，支配，管理 eg.Dont try to control other people.n.控制（能力）
23、，支配（能力）Its hard to keep the number of people coming into the country under control.2.check vt.检查，核对，查看 Theyre going to check our passports.Great and Big 1.great adj.大的(强调重要性)，伟大的，重大 的，重要的 Frank has just made a great decision.2.big adj.大的(强调面积、体积、规模上的大)Sam is a big man.Soil and Ground 1.soil n.泥土(能让植物生长的)，土，土地，土壤 Trees and grass grow quickly in rich soil.2.ground n.地表，地面(与土壤无关)，场地，土地 He threw the cup to the ground.