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1、专题三 情态动词3-1命题趋势分析1 .情态动词一般用法中较为特殊的情况;2 .情态动词表示推测的情况；3 .情态动词用于虚拟语气。3-2考点知识精讲一、情态动词的基本用法1. can/be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to 来表示。这时was/were able to相当于managed to,表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。2. must表示必须,应该，没有时态变化，must表示推测只能用于肯定句。mustnt表示 禁止做某事。
2、must还可以表示“非要”。3. should / ought to的否定形式表示禁止之意。should可表示陈述意见，提出建议或请 求；而oughito可以表示劝告之意。4. will / would will用于各种人称表示意志、意愿”或“决心”等,否定式wont +动词; will用于疑问句中，常用在第二人称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”；will表示 习惯性的动作，有总是、“惯于”的含义。would表示客气的请求、建议或意愿；would还 表示过去反复发生的动作。5. shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、 强制和允许等意思。在疑
3、问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第、 第三人称。二、情态动词表示推测的用法情态动词must, can, could, may, might都可用来表示推测。其中,must所表示的可 能性最大，最有把握，意为“一定注意，其否定式mustnt表示想必不”；表示“不可能” 要用cant或couldnt。may和might表示可能性时，主要用于肯定句中，mighi相对于may 来说，表示的可能性更小一些。can和could主要用于否定句和疑问句中。从时间上可以分 为对现在般情况的推测、对正在进行的动作和对过去情况的推测三种。需要注意的几点：1. can 一般不用于肯定句中，除非是
4、“经验之谈”。2. may和might都不用于疑问句中3. musl 的否定式是 cant / couldnt,不是 neednt 或 m usinl。4. would +V原形：想必现在/过去；现在/过去可能5. will +V原形：将来一定/准会6. 情态动词+have+p.p.1） should (ought to) have+过去分词表示过去应该做而(实际)没有做的事情。含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该 其否定形式为“should not / ought not to have +过去分词”。2） neednt have + 过去分词表示过去没有必要做某事，但实际上做了某事。3） m
5、ust have +过去分词意为“过去一定做过某事“，表示一种很有把握的推测。注意，对过去发生情况的否定推 测常用cant / couldnt have +过去分词。4） may / mighl have+过去分词表示对过去情况的一种不太有把握的（可能性）推测，意为“或许/可能做过某事另 外，用于虚拟语气时，通常用might.5） could have+过去分词表示“（过去）本来可以（能够）做某事，但实际上没有做到”。三、should在虚拟语气中的运用1 .在if引导的条件状语从句中，若表示与将来事实相反的假设，条件句的谓语动词可 以用“should +动词原形”；若if省略，should应提
6、到句首，构成部分倒装。2 .动词arrange （安排，筹划），command （命令，要求），demand （要求，需要），desire （要求，渴望）,insist （坚决主张）,order, propose （主张，提议），request, require, suggest （建议）等后跟宾语从句时,谓语动词应用“（should） +动词原形”。3 . 名词 advice, idea, order, demand plan, proposal （主张），suggestion, request 等后跟表语从句或同位语从句时，其谓语动词用“（should） +动词原形”。4 .在主语从句的下
7、列三种句型中，主句的谓语动词应用“（should） +动词原形”。（1） It is necessary （important, impossible, strange, natural.） that.（2） It is a pity （a shame.） that.（3） It is suggested （requested, ordered, desired.） that.四.几个情态动词常考的句型1. may/might （just） as well ”不妨，最好，与 had better 相近；2. cannot / cant.too”越越好，怎么也不过分注意这个句型的变体cannot
8、.over.o此外can、与比较级连用表示十分的肯定,不能的更多了。3. must表示推测时，其反意问句有好几种形式。1） “must+动词原形”对目前的情况进行推测时以及用must+be+-ing形式对目前正在 发生的情况进行推测时，疑问短语部分要与must之后的动词相一致。2） “must+have +过去分词”用来表示对已经发生的事情进行推论。如果句子中有过去的 时间状语，疑问部分用助动词didnl否则，疑问部分用havent或hasnt。133高考真题演练1. According to the air traffic rules,youswitch off your mobile ph
9、one boarding.A. may B.can C.would D.should2. Peter be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general.A.shallB.shouldC.can D.must3. You be hungry alreadyyou had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldntB.cantC. mustntD.nccdnt4. Il is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it be rather
10、 cold sometime.A. must B.canC.shouldD.would5. What a pity.Considering his ability and experience, he better.A.need have done B.must have doneC.can have done D.might have done6. Hows your tour around the North lake? Is it beautiful?It be, but it is now heavily polluted.A.willB.wouldC.shouldD.must7. 一
11、Turn off the TV, jack.your homework now?Mumjust ten more minutes, please.A.Should you be doingB.Shouldnt you be doingC.Couldnt you be doingD.Will you be doing8. what docs the sign over there read?No person_ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.A.willB.may C.shall D.must9. Wh
12、ats the name?Khulaifi.I spell that for you?A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might10. If it were not for the fact that shesing 1 would invite her to the party.A.couldntB.shouldntC.cantD.might not11. John,look at the time.you play the piano at such a late hour?A.MustB.Can C.May D.Need12. Catherine. I have clea
13、ned the room for you.Thanks. You it. I could manage it myself.A.neednt doB.neednt have doneC.mustnt do D.shouldiVt have done13. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car.They at least 150 kilometers an hour.A.should have been doingB.must have been doingC.could have doneD.
14、would have done14. Some aspects of a pilots job_ be boring, and pilots often work at inconvenienthours.A.can;have toB.may;canC.have to;mayD.ought to;must15. I pay Tracy a visit, but Im not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.A.shouldB. mightC.wouldD.could16. Excuse me ,but I want to use your c
15、omputer to type a report.Ybu have my computer if you dont take care of it.A.shantB.might notC.needntD.shouldnt17. “The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by bothsides,declared the judge.A. mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall18. Jack described his father, who a brave boy many y
16、ears ago, as a strong-willedmanmanA. would beB. would have beenC. must beD. must have been19. You _ buy a gift, but you can if you want to.A. mustB. mustntC. have toD. dont have tohave told you the truth.I keep repeating it?1. MustB. CanC. MayD. Will2. .1 have watched that movie itll give me horribl
17、e dreams.A.shouldntB. needntC. couldnl D. mustnt22. Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A. needntB. wouldntC. mustntD. couldnt23. I take the book out?Im afraid not.A. WillB. MayC. MustD. Need24. Jusl be patient .You expect the world to change so soon .A. cant
18、B. needntC. may notD. whether25. I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. 一Dont worry. You have it by Friday.A. couldB. shallC. mustD. may26. 一May I take this book out of the reading room?No, you . You read it in here.A. mightntB.wontC. needntD.mustnt27. Tm
19、 afraid Mr. Harding sec you now. Hes busy.A. cantB.mustntC. shouldntD.neednt28. Doctors say (ha( exercise is important for health, but it be regular exercise.A. can B. will C. must D. mayGood morning. Ive got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department.Ah, good morning. You be Mrs. Peters.A. mightB. mustC. wouldD. can29. You have a wrong number,n she said. Theres no one of that name here.”A. needB. canC. mustD.would1115ABBAA2630DACBC1115ABBAA2630DACBC610CBCAC2125AABAB15DCBBD 1620ADDDA