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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上高考英语专题之情态动词状元必读情态动词的考查要点：1. 情态动词can, could, may, might, must, shall, should和ought to 的用法。2. must和have to 的区别。3. can和may 在短语中的应用。4. 情态动词在高考试卷中一般占2-3分，但在书面表达中也会考查考生正确运用情态动词来表达意思的能力。专家点拨一、知识精讲 情态动词表示说话者对某一动作或状态的态度，可表示“可能”、“可以”、“需要”、“必须”或“应当”等意。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。但不能单独作谓语动词用，必须和不带to的不定式连用构成谓语动词。
2、但情态动词ought和have要和带to的动词不定式连用，在句中作谓语。 将情态动词置于主语之前即可构成其疑问式，在情态动词之后加not即可构成其否定式。1. can和could (could为can的过去式) 的基本用法（1）表示能力。【例句】He can speak English better than you.When he was only five, he could swim well.（2）在疑问句和否定句中表示“怀疑”、“猜测”或“可能性”。【例句】Can this green bike be Liu Dongs? The glasses cant be Marys; she
3、 never wears glasses.（3）表示“许可”时，can可以和may换用。【例句】You can (may) go home now. You can not leave here till I come back. （4）如果要表示婉转语气，可用could代替can，这时could不再是can的过去, 但答语要用can。【例句】Could you come again tomorrow? Could you help me with the heavy bag?Yes, I can.（5）can和be able to都可表示能力，两者在意思上没有什么区别。【例句】He will
4、 be able to do the work better. (can只有现在式和过去式，而be able to中的be可用各种时态)The fire spread quickly but everyone was able to escape from it. (表示成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could) 状元典例1Just be patient. You _ expect the world to change so soon.A. cant B. neednt C. may not D. mustnt答案：A思路分析：句意为：耐心点儿。你不能期盼这个世界变化这么快。cant在否
5、定句中表推测时译为“不可能”，表能力时译为“不能够”，也可以表示命令，此时译为“不允许”，但其语气比mustnt弱, 具有劝慰的意思, 根据句意此题选A, cant表示劝慰。状元典例2Im afraid Mr. Harding _ see you now. Hes busy.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt答案：A思路分析：结合语境, 根据情态动词用于疑问或否定句中表推测时要用cant，可知选A。2. may和might (might为may的过去式)的基本用法 （1）表示允许或征询对方许可，译为“可以”。【例句】You may use my di
6、ctionary. She told me that I might leave if I wanted.注意1：在回答对方说“可以做某事”或“不可以做某事”时，一般不用may或may not，以避免语气生硬。【例句】May I play the computer game now, Mom? Yes, please. 或Certainly.（一般不用may）No, you mustnt. (表示“阻止”或“禁止”对方做某事)注意2：在征求对方许可时，用Might I? 比用May I? 语气更婉转，此时might不是may的过去式。【例句】Might I have a look at you
7、r new iPhone? （2）may或 might都可以表示可能性，表示“或许”、“可能”时, might的语气更加不肯定。【例句】They may be in the library now .（可能性较大）来源:学*科*网Z*X*X*KThey might be in the library now.（可能性较小）（3）may放在句首用来表示祝愿。【例句】May you have a good journey.来源:学科网ZXXK状元典例1 I take the book out? Im afraid not.A. Will B. May C. Must D. Need答案：B思路分析
8、：表请求时可用情态动词can, may, could, might，表允许时用can, may。句意为：“我可以将这本书带出去吗？” “恐怕不行”。故应选表请求的情态动词may。状元典例2Helen go on the trip with us, but she isnt quite sure yet.A. shall B. must C. may D. can答案：C思路分析：may表示一种可能性。如果没有具体的语境，B、D两项也可入选，但意思就不同了。3. must的基本用法(1) must表示“必须”、“应该”之意，mustnt表示“不应该”、“不准”、“不允许”或“禁止”之意。【例句】
9、We must study hard and make progress every day. Everyone must obey the traffic rules.Students mustnt enter the lab without the teachers permission. (2) 以must提出的疑问句，如作否定回答时，要用neednt或用dont (doesnt) have to (不必)来回答，而不用mustnt。【例句】 Must we finish the work tomorrow? No, you neednt (dont have to), but you
10、must finish it in three days. (3) 在肯定句中must可以表示推测，表示“一定”或“必定”。【例句】 Whose new bike can it be? It must be Liu Dongs. I know his father has just bought him a new one.(4) 表示“偏要、硬要做某事”。【例句】Its nearly 11 oclock. Must you make so much noise?(5) 与must有关的反意疑问句。【例句】He must be from the south, isnt he?It must h
11、ave rained last night, for the road is very muddy, didnt it?He must have gone to Beijing, hasnt he?状元典例1I have told you the truth. _ I keep repeating it?A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will答案：A思路分析：must 必须, 一定；can 可以, 能够；may 也许；will 意愿（倾向性动作）。前半句说“我告诉你事实了”，这里用的是现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在造成了影响， 既然我已经说了，我还必须不断重复吗？状元典例
12、2 May I take this book out of the reading room? No, you . You read it in here. A. mightnt B. wont C. neednt D. mustnt答案：D思路分析：英语中用could, might表示询问或征求意见的问句中, 肯定性回答要用can或may来代替could或might，而用may或might表示征求意见的问句中，否定回答时要用mustnt, 故本题选D。状元典例3If you_ smoke, please go outside.A. can B. should C. must D. may 答
13、案：C思路分析：句意为：如果你非要吸烟，就请到外面去。此句考查must作 “非要，硬要”之意时的用法。4. shall的基本用法(1) shall用作情态动词时，用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话者的“命令”、“警告”、“强制”、“威胁”或“允诺”等意。【例句】He shall go first, whether he wants to or not. （命令）You shall get a new computer if you win the first place in the game. （承诺）You shall fail if you dont work harder（警告
14、）He shall be punished. （威胁）Each competitor shall wear a number. (规定) (2) 在疑问句中，shall用于第一、三人称，表示说话者征求对方意见或请求指示。【例句】Shall I open the door?Mike is outside. Shall he come in?状元典例1No student go out of school after ten oclock at night without the teachers permission. A. willB. must C. mayD. shall答案：D思路分析：
15、句意为：未经老师允许，所有的学生在晚上10点钟后都不得出校门。这是学校的规定，所以要选D，shall用在第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中表示“按规定做”。状元典例2 I havent got the reference book yet, but Ill have a test on the subject next month. Dont worry. You _ have it by Friday.A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_答案：B思路分析：shall用在第二人称作主语的陈述句中表示允诺，还可以表示强制、命令、威胁、警告。还可表示法律条文中的要求或规
16、定。5. should的基本用法(1) should作为情态动词时表示出于职责、义务应该做某事。【例句】You should learn from each other. You should study hard at your lessons.（2）表示对某种情况的估计。【例句】Its seven oclock; Tom should be here at any moment.You can come here at noon; the photos should be ready.(3) should表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外或惊异，意为“竟会”,常用于Why/How + sh
17、ould结构中。【例句】Why should you be so late today?状元典例1What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There be twelve.A. should B. would C. will D. shall答案：A思路分析：句意：你这是什么意思, 只有十张票吗?应该有十二张的。should表示 “应该, 应当”。来源:学。科。网状元典例2 I dont care what people think. Well, you _. A. could B. would C. should D. might答案：C思路
18、分析：答话者提了一个建议你应该在意别人对你的看法。should可以用来向别人提建议。6. ought to的基本用法（l）表示根据某种义务或必要“应当”做某事，语气比should强。【例句】Everyone ought to obey the traffic regulations. （2）表示推测，注意与must表示推测时的区别。【例句】He must be home by now. (断定他已到家) He ought to be home by now. (不十分肯定) This is where the oil ought to be. (比较含蓄) 注意：在美国英语中，ought to
19、 用于否定句和疑问句时to可以省略。【例句】Ought you smoke so much? You oughtnt smoke so much.状元典例Sir, you _ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only. A. oughtnt to B. should C. wont D. neednt答案：A思路分析：由It is for women and children only这个信息句，我们可以得到提示“男士不应该坐在等候室”， oughtnt to 表示“不应该”。二、难点聚焦1. have
20、 to 与must的用法区别have to和must的意义相近，只是 must侧重表示说话人的主观看法，而have to 则表示客观需要。【例句】I must study hard. I had to give it up because of illness. There is no bus now, so we have to walk back home.状元典例I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot.A. must B. could C. might D. had to答案：D思路分析：have to表示客观上需要做某事，must表示
21、主观上认为必须做某事。2. can构成的固定搭配(1) cannot but + do sth. 不得不，只好做某事【例句】I cannot but wait for her here.I cannot but give up the plan.(2) cannot help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事，忍不住做某事【例句】Hearing that story, I couldnt help laughing.(3) cannot (never等否定词）too 再也不为过【例句】You can never be too careful when you cross the stree
22、t.3. may构成的固定用法(1) may/might well +动词原形，表示“完全能，很可能”。【例句】Her appearance has changed so much that you may well not recognize her.(2) may/might as well +动词原形，表示“最好，倒不如”。【例句】You may as well do it tomorrow; its too late today.状元典例(全国II) Liza well not want to go on the trip she hates traveling.A. willB. c
23、anC. mustD. may答案：D思路分析：句意为：Liza极有可能不想去旅行她讨厌旅行。may well很可能，极有可能，表示猜测。当表示猜测时，will和can不能与well连用，must只能用于肯定句中。三、状元笔记常用情态动词的用法比较1. 表示“猜测”的情态动词can、should、may、might、must都可以用于表示“猜测”。 (1) must的语气最为强烈，它是以事实为依据而进行的逻辑上的推理，因此它所指的动作发生的可能性最大。(2) can 和should表示以事实、理由为依据而进行猜测，它们所指的动作有发生的可能性，但语气没有must那么肯定。其中should的主观
24、性较强，往往表示说话者猜想“应该会怎么样”的意思。【例句】He cant be out. I just saw him a moment ago. 他不可能出去了，因为我刚刚还见过他。Its 2:30. I think she should be in her office. This book should be found easily in the library.注意：can常用于表示猜测的疑问句或否定句中。【例句】 Can Tom be at home now? He cant be at home now. He must be having a meeting.(3) may 和
25、might这两个词在这方面的语气较弱，没有那么肯定，表示说话者根据自己的主观臆断而进行的猜测，一般来说，这些猜测没有足够的客观依据。其中，might的语气更弱一些。【例句】Brown may come back in ten minutes or so.You may meet her at the party today.I thought although she was clever she might have difficulty learning a foreign language.2. 表示“应该”的情态动词must, ought to, should都能用来表示“出于某种职责
26、、义务而应该怎么样”的意思。must的语气最强烈；ought to居中；而should是表达这方面意思的普通词。【例句】We must build our motherland into a strong country. （语气很强烈。表示我们应该把自己的祖国建设成一个强国，而且我们非得这样做不可。）我们一定要将我们的祖国建设成为一个强国。Students ought to study hard. （这种用法较有针对性，较具体，作为学生要努力学习是责无旁贷的。）学生应当努力学习。Students should study hard.（这种用法可理解为一般的提法、号召。）学生应该努力学习。状元
27、必练1. （）The biggest problem for most plants, which just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.A. shant B. cant C. needntD. mustnt答案：B思路分析：句意为：对于绝大多数受到威胁时不能起来就逃跑的植物来说, 最大的问题是动物喜欢吃它们。shant表将来；neednt不必, mustnt禁止, 都不正确。2. （）In crowded places like airports and railway stati
28、ons, you take care of your luggage.A. canB. may C. mustD. will答案：C思路分析：句意为：在像飞机场和火车站这样拥挤的地方, 你一定要照看好自己的行李。must表示 “必须, 一定”，符合句意。3. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it be rather cold sometimes.A. must B. canC. should D. would答案：B思路分析：must必然, 一定；can可能；should应该；would（过去）将, 总会。本题提供的语境是 “有时
29、可能会”。4. You be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago!A. wouldntB. cantC. mustntD. neednt答案：B思路分析：句意为：你不可能饿了, 你两小时前才吃的午饭！cant指不可能；mustnt表猜测时, 不能用于否定句；neednt指没有必要。5.Although this sound like a simple task, great care is needed.A. mustB. mayC. shallD. should答案：B思路分析：句意为：尽管这听起来也许像是一项简单的任务, 但仍需投
30、入巨大的关注。must一定, 必须；may可能, 可以；shall将要；should应该。根据句意可知选may最妥当。6. I think Ill give Bob a ring. You.You havent been in touch with him for ages.A. will B. may C. have toD. should答案：D思路分析：will用于第二人称常用来表示命令、指示, 意为 “务必, 必须”；may表示 “可能, 也许”, 常用于请求许可；have to表示 “不得不”；should可用于表示主观看法、建议、劝说, 意为 “应当, 应该”。在此句中, 答话者表
31、示同意对方的想法。答语句意为：你应该（打个电话）, 你好长时间没与他联系了。故D项符合情景要求。7.You park here! Its an emergency exit. A. wouldntB. needntC. couldntD. mustnt答案：D思路分析：由后面的“这是一个紧急出口”可知，前句表示禁止某人停车, 所以用mustnt表示禁止某人做某事，D项符合语境。8. （）“The interest be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides, ”declared the judge.A. may B. shouldC. must D. shall答案：D思路分析：shall与第二、三人称名词连用, 表示义务、责任、决心、许诺，它还可用于法律条文中。专心-专注-专业