2022-2023学年福建省宁德市高三(上)期中英语试卷(附答案详解).docx

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1、2022.2023学年福建省宁德市高三(上)期中英语试卷AFrom prehistoric (史前的)cave paintings to modern-day dog shows, humans* love and fascination for animals has long remained.The following projects show you how humans are working to create a brighter future for animals.Big Cats InitiativeThis has the primary goal of stoppin

2、g the decline in the population of big cats worldwide since 2OO9.In Africa, this means ensuring the monitoring and protection of species like lions and cheetahs, whose numbers have declined sharply over the last century.With the Initiatives help, these species will continue to live in their natural

3、habitats, safe from illegal hunting, environmental degradation (恶化),and other human influences.Find it on: Explore Kruger National Park.Polar Bears InternationalClimate change has threatened the worlds polar bear populations: As the planet warms, these creatures risk losing more of their icy habitat

4、 than ever before.This project works to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause the melting of the Arctic sea ice upon which polar bears depend, and to raise awareness about the plight (困境)of this beautiful animal.Find it on: Canadian Polar Bear Experience. Vembanad Wetlands Conservation ProgramS

5、ince 2005, the program has worked to protect the habitat of plants and animals in the wetlands of Vembanad Lake in India.The organization also teaches and monitors sustainable fishing practices there ; travelers will learn from fishermen how fishing practices are carried out in a way that does no da

6、mage to these important waters.Find it on: Iconic India.Sea Turtle ConservancySea turtles depend on sea grasses.When these grasses die, the turtles are placed at serious risk.This has a cyclical effect: sea grasses, like regular grass on land, depend on regular mowing11 to continue growing, and with

7、out turtles to feed on it, the grass itself stops thriving, which threatens hundreds of other species who use sea grasses for shelter.Find it on: Explore Costa Rica.1. Why was Big Cats Initiative set up? A. To prevent big cats from illness.B. To monitor the population of big cats.C. To protect the e

8、ndangered big cats.D. To stop the environment from worsening.2. Where can visitors practice eco-friendly fishing? 答案和解析13.【答案】C、C、B【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据Big Cats Initiative部分的This has the primary goal of stopping the decline in the population of big cats worldwide since 2009 (这 个项目的主要目标是阻止自2009年以来全球大型猫科动物数

9、量的下降)可知大型猫科动物倡议成 立,以保护濒危的大型猫科动物。故选C。(2)推理判断题。根据文章 Vembanad Wetlands Conservation Program 部分的 Since 2005, the program has worked to protect the habitat of plants and animals in the wetlands of Vembanad Lake i n India.The organization also teaches and monitors sustainable fishing practices there(自 200

10、5 年以来, 该项目一直致力于保护印度文巴纳德湖湿地的动植物栖息地。该组织还在那里教授和监督可持续 的捕鱼方法。)可知游客可以在Vembanad湖练习环保捕鱼。故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据文章Sea Turtle Conservancy部分的Sea turtles depend on sea grasses.When these grasses die,the turtles are placed at serious risk.This has a cyclical effect: sea grasses, like regular grass on land, depend on reg

11、ular nmowingn to continue growing, and without turtles to feed on it,the grass itself stops thriving,which threatens hundreds of other species who use sea grasses for shelter.Find it on: Explore Costa Rica. (海龟依靠海草生存。当这些草死去时,海龟就处于严重的危险之中。这产生了一种循环效应: 海草和陆地上的普通草一样,依赖于定期的“割草”来继续生长,如果没有海龟以此为食,海草本 身就会停止生

12、长,这威胁到数百个以海草为住所的其他物种。找到它:探索哥斯达黎加。)可知 海洋生态系统的崩溃显示了海龟灭绝的周期性影响。因此B.The oceans ecosystems breaking down.(海洋生态系统的崩溃。)符合题意。故选B。本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了以下项目向你展示了人类是如何努力为动物创造一个更加光明的 未来的。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。47.【答案】A、D、C、B【解析】(1)目的意图题。根据文章第一段1 was trained as a gymnast in Hunan,

13、 China, in the 1970s.The government wanted to transfer (转学)me to a school for athletes while my parents wanted me to become an engineer,because they firmly believed there was only one sure way to happiness: a safe and well-paid job. (20 世 纪70年代,我在中国湖南接受体操训练。政府想把我转到一所运动员学校,而我的父母想让我成 为一名工程师,因为他们坚信只有一条

14、通往幸福的必经之路:一份安全且高薪的工作。)可知第 1段的目的是提供背景资料。故选A。(2)推理判断题。根据文章第三段I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Leis Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu, found my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre, learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen,and inspired myself to study abr

15、oad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History. (我从傅雷和朱美福的傅雷家书中满足了我对父母忠告的渴望,从简爱中找到了我的独 立女性榜样,从一打一打的便宜中学会了高效,从三毛全集和历史的教训中激发了 我出国留学的灵感。)可知从三毛全集中,作者获得了出国留学的动力。故选D。(3)段落大意题。根据文章第三段I satisfied my hunger for parental advice from the Fu Lei*s Family Letters by Fu Lei and Zhu Meifu, fou

16、nd my role model of an independent woman from Jane Eyre, learned to be efficient from Cheaper by the Dozen,and inspired myself to study abroad after reading Complete Works of Sanmao and Lessons from History. (我从傅雷和朱美福的傅雷家书中满足了我对父母忠告的渴望,从简爱中找到了我的独 立女性榜样,从一打一打的便宜中学会了高效,从三毛全集和历史的教训中激发了 我出国留学的灵感。)可知第三段主

17、要讲述了作者的比较阅读经验。故选C。(4)标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段Books have given me a magic portal (入)to connect with people of the past and the present.I have come to believe that coming true is not the only purpose of a dream.Its most important puipose is to get us in touch with where dreams come from, where passion comes fro

18、m and where happiness comes from.Even a shattered (遭受极大打击的) dream can do that for you.So may books be always with you.(书籍给 T 我一个神奇的入口,让我可以 与过去和现在的人联系起来。我开始相信实现不是梦想的唯一目的。它最重要的目的是让我们接 触到梦想从哪里来,激情从哪里来,快乐从哪里来。即使一个破碎的梦也能为你做到。所以,愿 书永远伴随着你。)可知B.How Books Open My Mind (书籍如何打开我的思维)是本文的最佳标 题。故选B。本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述

19、了书籍给了作者一个神奇的入口,让作者可以与过去和现在的人联 系起来。作者开始相信实现不是梦想的唯一目的o它最重要的目的是让我们接触到梦想从哪里来, 激情从哪里来,快乐从哪里来。即使一个破碎的梦也能为你做到。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过

20、对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无

21、误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因 果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。811 .【答案】A、D、B、D【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句Professor Glen Jeffery of the UCL Institute of Ophthalmology said, As you age,your visual system declines significantly,particularly once over 40.Your retinal sensitivity and your co

22、lor vision are both gradually undermined (破坏),and with an ageing population, this is an increasingly important issue.(伦敦大学学院眼科研究所的格伦杰弗里教授说:“随着年龄的增长,你的视觉系统会显著衰退,尤其是超过40岁 的时候。你的视网膜敏感度和色觉都会逐渐减弱,随着人口老龄化,这是一个越来越重要的问题。 ”)可知,杰弗里教授认为年龄影响视觉系统。故选A。(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中最后两句The ability to detect colors improved by up

23、 to 20% in some people aged around 40 and over.But the effe ct was not seen in younger individuals who were aged below 40.(些年龄在 40 岁及以上的人辨另Ll颜 色的能力提高了 20%。但这种影响在40岁以下的年轻人身上没有出现。)可知,40岁以上的参 与者从研究中受益更多。故选D。(3)细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Scientists believe the discovery could pave the way for new eye therapies that

24、 are affordable and can be done by the patient at home.(科学家们相信,这一发现将为新的眼科治疗铺平道路,这种治疗方法 既经济实惠,又可由患者在家进行。)和最后一句The technology is simple, safe and very promising. (这项技术简单、安全,很有前途。)可知,这一发现实用而且有医疗价值。故选B。(4)文章出处题。根据全文内容,结合第一段A study by the University College London (UCL) has shown that staring at long wav

25、elength light for three minutes every day can significantly improve vision in those aged 40 and above.(伦敦大学学院的 一项研究表明,每天盯着长波光看三分钟,可以显著改善40岁及以上人群的视力。)可知,本文 是一篇改善40岁及以上人群视力的研究报告。结合选项,A.A travel guidebook.一本旅行指南; B.A popular novel.一本通俗小说;C.A fashion magazine.一本时尚杂志;D.A health journal 一本健康 杂志。分析可知,文章内容与

26、健康有关,应该出自一本健康杂志。故选D。本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了短时间的长波光重启视网膜老化细胞这一项新技术可以显著 改善40岁及以上人群的视力。做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍,做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语 句进行仔细分析,结合选项选出正确答案。1215.【答案】A、D、A、C【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第一段后两句Two American researchers have explored one possible problem with such travel.They considered the pos sibility that changes i

27、n human language could develop over time and lead to major communication probl ems with people on Earth.(两名美国研究人员探索了这种旅行可能存在的一个问题。他们认为,随 着时间的推移,人类语言的变化可能会导致与地球上的人发生重大沟通问题。)可知,长时间太 空旅行可能会带来很多语言沟通障碍。故选A。(2)词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句The long of a community could lead to enough differences in language to make it im

28、possible for co mmunity members back home to understand.(长期的社区隔离可能会导致语言上的差异,以至于 社区成员回家后都不可能理解。)可知,此处指的是“长时间的社区隔离”。结合选项,A.Connection. 联系;B.Distribution.分配,分发;C.Loneliness.孤独,寂寞;D.Separation分开,隔离。分析可知, D项与划线部分词义最接近。故选D。(3)推理判断题。根据第四段People on Earth might never know about these words, unless theres a r

29、eason to tell them.And the further away you get,the less youre going to talk to people back home,McKenzie said.The researchers noted that in addition to new words being used,the language of people traveling on spaceships and living in colonies would experience many other chan ges.For example, the so

30、unds of different letters would likely change over time,affecting not only individual words, but the whole grammatical system”, the paper states.(地球上的 人可能永远不会知道这些话,除非有理由告诉他们。你走得越远,你和家乡的人说话就越少,” 麦肯齐说。研究人员指出,除了新词被使用之外,在宇宙飞船上旅行和生活在殖民地的人们的语 言还会经历许多其他的变化。例如,不同字母的发音可能会随着时间的推移而改变,不仅影响单 个单词,还会影响整个“语法系统”。)可知

31、,在宇宙飞船上人们会形成自己的语言系统。故选A。 (4)目的意图题。根据最后一段第二句Given more time,new grammatical forms can completely replace current ones, ” McKenzie said.(麦肯齐说:”如果有更 多的时间,新的语法形式可以完全取代现有的语法形式。”)可知,作者在最后一段提到McKenzie 是为了强调语言变化的必然趋势。结合选项,A.To present the way to create new languages.介绍仓U 造新语言的方法;B.To explain the reason for

32、language problems.解释语言问题的原因;C.To stress the inevitable trend of language changing.强调语言变化的必然趋势;D.To show the importance of new grammatical systems,为了显示新的语法系统的重要性。分析可知, C项符合语义。故选C。本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了长途太空旅行中语言变化可能带来的问题。做阅读时首先要通读全文,理解文章大意,然后带着问题到原文中找信息句,仔细研究问题和跟 问题有关的句子,琢磨其意思,选出正确答案。1620 .【答案】G、F、C、B、D【解析】(1

33、)推理判断题。根据上文News that dolphins form friendships may not come as much of a surprise to anyone paying attention to t he animal world.(对于任何关注动物世界的人来说,海豚可以交朋友的新闻可能并不那么令人惊 讶。)和下文 They form their friendships with those that have a common interest.(他们与有共同兴趣 的人交朋友。)可知,海豚和我们人类一样都是有感情的动物。G选项But a new study thr

34、ows light on how much they do it like we do 但是一项新的研究揭示了他们和我 们有多少相似之处。”符合语境。故选G。(2)推理判断题。根据下文 The method is taught by their mothers and helps the spongers*,as the ones who do it are called,find food in deeper water.Both male and female dolphins can be spongers,but the study focused just on males.(这种方

35、法是由它们的母亲传授的,并帮助它们在更深的水中找 到食物。雄性和雌性海豚都是海绵动物,但这项研究只关注雄性海豚。)可知,海豚也是它们的 母亲传授的。F 选项They are the only ones to ever have been observed doing this 他们是唯一被观察 到这样做的人。”符合语境。故选F。(3)主旨大意题。根据下文 But for the study, they selected a group of 37 male dolphins,including 13 spongers and 24 non-spongers.They found that th

36、e spongers spent more time with other spo ngers and that the bonds were based on similar foraging (觅食)techniques and not relatedness or other factors.(但在这项研究中,他们选择了 37只雄性海豚, 包括13只海绵海豚和24只非海绵海豚。他们发现,海绵体和其他海绵体在一起的时间更多,这 种联系是基于相似的觅食技巧,而不是亲缘关系或其他因素。)可知,研究者用实验发现雄性海 豚数据是觅食技巧不是亲缘关系或其他因素。C选项The researchers

37、used the data from 124 male dolphins 研究者使用 了 124 只雄性海豚的数据。”符合语 境。故选C。(4)主旨大意题。根据下文so it was long thought to invest time in forming close bonds with other males.This study suggests that m ale dolphins form social bonds based on shared interests.Interestingly,while male spongers spent more time lookin

38、g for food than non-spongers,both groups spent an equal amount of time socializing.(此长期以来,人们认为雌性花时间与其他雄 性建立密切的关系。这项研究表明,雄性海豚会根据共同的兴趣建立社会关系。有趣的是,尽管 雄性捕食者比非捕食者花更多时间寻找食物,但两组人花在社交上的时间相同。)可知,雄性海 豚会和雌性海豚用寻找食物建立密切的关系。B选项Foraging with a sponge is a time-consuming activity用海绵觅食是一项耗时的活动。”符合语境。故 选B。(5)推理判断题。根据

39、They are critical to each males mating success.We were very excited to discover alliances of spongers, dolphins forming close friendships with others with similar traits,(它们对每只雄性海豚的交配成功 都至关重要。我们非常兴奋地发现,海绵海豚和其他具有相似特征的海豚结成了亲密的友谊。) 可知,海豚有强大的社会关系,并结成了亲密的友谊。D选项These strong bonds between males can last fo

40、r decades男性之间的这种紧密联系可以持续几十年。” 符合语境。故选D。这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了科学家们研究了西澳大利亚世界遗产地区鲨鱼湾的宽吻海豚种群的 生活。“七选五”选择题,主要目的在于考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和 掌握。解题时最主要的两个步骤就是1.理清文章的逻辑和结构,2.在所给的原文中找出关键词 或者说是线索词。文章的整体思路能帮助你在答案中筛选出符合逻辑的选项,关键词则能帮助你 确定更多的细节,排除相近的选。得出正确的答案。2135.【答案】A、D、C、A、B、A、B、D、B、C、D、B、D、D、A【解析】(1)考查名词及语境理解。A.sadn

41、ess悲伤;B.guilty有罪;C.shame羞愧;D.disappointment 失望。根据第 13 题后面的 His mom has passed away, and she was no longer here,和下文”Ronalds(3) passed away two years ago.可知,是Ronald的母亲去世了,因此他的感受是悲伤。故选A。 (2)考查名词及语境理解。A.regret后悔;B.surprise令人惊奇之事;C.fear敬畏;D.loss失去。根据下文Ronalds (3) passed away two years ago.可知,母亲的去世,对11岁的R

42、onald来说是损 失。故选D。(3)考查名词及语境理解。A.grandmother奶奶;B.sister姐妹;C.mother妈妈;D.father父亲。根 据 13 题后面的 His mom has passed away, and she was no longer here,可知,Ronald 的妈妈不在了, 所以此处要用mother。故选C。(4)考查动词及语境理解。A.hit击;B.stopped停止;C.frightened害怕;D.passed通过。根据句 中 She went to help someone on the side of the road and a truc

43、k (4) her,可知,她去到马路对面帮助 他人的时候,一辆卡车撞倒了她。故选A。(5)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.gotoff下车;B.moved in搬进来;C.broke up分手;D.caught up 赶上。根据句中Since then, Ronald (5) with his grandparents.可知,Ronald搬来和祖父母一起居 住,所以此处要用moved in。故选B。(6)考查形容词及语境理解。A.ambitious有抱负的;B.generous慷慨的;C.patient耐心的;D.energetic 充满活力的。根据后文He wanted to help his

44、grandmother pay bills可知,他帮助祖母和想要一辆自 行车,据此可以得知,他是一个有抱负的的孩子。故选A。(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.toy玩具;BJob工作;C.degree程度;D.house住房。根据下文So he asked his barber if he could可知,他想得到一份工作。故选Bo(8)考查名词及语境理解。A.design设计;B.sell卖;C.donate捐款;D上uy购买。根据上文He wanted to help his grandmother pay bills and he also wanted to (8) a bike,可知,除

45、了帮助付账单, 还自己想”攒钱”买自行车,故此处要用buy。故选D。(9)考查名词及语境理解。A.succeed成功;B.help帮助;C.go去;D.learn学习。根据后文I sweep.I take the trash out,可知,Ronald问老板自己是否能帮忙。故选B。(10)考查副词及语境理解。A.happily乐意地;B.quickly快地;C.well很好地;D.easily容易地。 根据后文 his work that the owner, Shauna Greene, praised him and (11) Ronald*s story on Facebook. 可知,

46、Ronald做得很好所以把他的故事发到Facebook上。故选C。(11)考查名词及语境理解。A.read读;B.adapted适应;C.spread散布;D.liked喜欢。根据后文 The story has got more than 1000 likes. They sent money, and here we are today with the bike,Greene said.可知,他的故事得到了很多的点赞;喜爱like。故此处要用liked。故选D。(12)考查形容词及语境理解。A.satisfied满意的;B.shocked感到震惊的;C.proudproud骄傲的; D.

47、confused 困惑的。根据后文 I dont know what to do, n he said with a surprise when seeing the bike. 可知,Ronald对这个礼物感到很震惊。因此不知道说什么。故选B。(13)考查名词及语境理解。A.decision 决定;B.promise 诺言;C.agreement 协议;D.difference 差 别。根据上文People with big hearts are making a big可知,心胸宽广的人会成就大事,那些善良的 人的爱会对Ronald产生很大的影响,使事情变得不同。所以此处要用make a

48、huge difference。故 选D。(14)考查副词及语境理解。A.also此外;B.already已经;C.ever曾经;D.still仍然。根据上文 His mom has passed away, and she was no longer here, but the village is 可知,妈妈不在 了,但是村 庄仍然存在,所以此处要用still。故选D。(15)考查名词及语境理解。A.going进展速度;B.connected连接;C.learning学习;D.relieved放 心。根据句中”were going to keep him (15) and do whate

49、ver it takes, n Greene said.可知,我们会让 他一切进展顺利,所以此处要用going。故选A。这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了孩子的母亲因为车祸去世,坚强的孩子打工来帮助祖父母。孩子的 行为感动了周围的人,他们用自己的爱心来帮助孩子最终实现了买自行车的愿望。完形填空考查学生综合运用语言的能力。做题时,要先通读全文,掌握大意,然后结合选项,仔 细阅读文章,选择最适合语境的词,注意上下文的呼应及语境。作出正确的选择。36.【答案】【小题1】that【小题2】actions【小题3 less【小题4】enriches【小题5】from【小题6 as【小题7】the【小题8 based【小题9】that【小题10 to do【解析】(1)考查同位语从句。句

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