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1、创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日20212021 年高考英语总复习之语法专题代词年高考英语总复习之语法专题代词创创 作人：作人：荧多莘荧多莘日日 期：期：二二 OO 二二二二 年年 1 1 月月 1717 日日factory.但,表示时间是,间隔,重量,国家,城,地点等无生命的名词也可用s形式来表示其所有关系,如:three days sick leave,half an hours walk,todaysnewspaper,a tons weight,Chinas agriculture,Shanghais industry.,常用于以下情况之下:.名词较长时,如:
2、the story of doctor Bethune,the works of Marx,Engels andLenin.名词的定语较长,如:the son of the man who you just talked to,the name ofthe boy standing there 4.of+名词的s 所有格形式或者名词性物主代词称为双重所有格.在表示所属物的名词前有冠词,数词,不定代词或者指示代词(如 a,two,some,any,such,no,a few,this,that,these,those 等)时,常用双重所有格表示所属关系,如:a friend of my fath
3、ers=one of my fathers friends,two brothers of his,some inventions of Edisons,these poems of Li Bais,a few classmates of Xiao Mings,any friend of Toms,some houses of my grandfathers.关于双重所有格还需注意以下几点:.在双重所有格中,of 前面的名词不和 the 连用,如不能说:the new dress ofSusans.但假设有定语从句在后,那么可以用the,如可以说:the friends of myfather
4、s who is going abroad.在双重所有格中,作 of 宾语的名词必须是人,而且是特指第二章：代第二章：代词词英语代词分为以下八类:人称代词,物主代词,反身代词,指示代词,不定代词,疑问代词,连接代词,关系代词.本章只说明前五类代词的用法,后三类代词的用法在其他章节说明人称代词人称代词一.人称代词的形式:人称代词有人称,数和格的变化创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：主格宾格我Ime我们weus你/你们youyou他hehim二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日她sheher它itit他们/她们/它们theythem二.人称代词的用法:
5、1.主格的用法:作主语,表语 a.He often helps me with my English.b.It is he who often helps me with my English.2.宾格的用法:作及物动词的宾语或者介词的宾语.a.Mr.Li teaches us English.b.We often go and see her on Sundays.c.You are really above me in maths.d.Father bought a new bike for him.3.关于人称代词用法需注意的问题:.在 than/as 引导的比拟状语从句中常有略,注意其
6、中的人称代词作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格.在这类从句中,在不引起误解的情况下,有时用宾格代词代替主格代词 a.He likes Mary better than I(like Mary).他比我更喜欢玛丽 b.He likes Mary better than(he likes)me他喜欢我,更喜欢玛丽 c.He is taller than I/me.在强调句中,假设被强调的局部是代词,那么其格不变,如:a.It was I who first opened the door this morning.b.It was me whom they talked about.人称代词单独使用或者是
7、在not 之后,常用宾格a.“I like English.“Me too.b.“Would you like more wine?“Not me.在同位语中,人称代词的格视与之同位的词在句中的成分而定,如:a.We,Tom andI I,showed her many wonderful pictures.b.She showed us,Tom andmeme,many wonderful pictures.人称代词在代替一些不定代词,如:anybody,everybody,anyone,someone,no one,whoever 及 person 等这些无明确对象的代词或者名词时,在正式
8、场合用 he/his/him代创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日替,在非正式场合用 they/them/their代替,如:a.Nobody came,did he/they?b.Whoever comes,tell him/them the news.在 be 或者 to be 之后的人称代词的格应根据它所指代的名词或者代词在句中的成分而定 a.I thought it was she./I thought it to be her.在口语中常用宾格代词作表语a.“Who is that?“It is me.t
9、hey 可指“有关的人“人们,相当于 people,如:a.They say the fire broke out at midnight.=People say the fire brokeout at midnight./It is said that the fire broke out at midnight.三个人称代词同时出现时,其顺序一般是:你,他/她,我;我们,你们,他们 a.You,he and I all enjoy music.物主代词物主代词表示所有关系的代词称为物主代词一.物主代词的形式:物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种你的/你我的我们的们的形容词性物主
10、代词名词性物主代词二.物主代词的用法:1.形容词性物主代词相当于一个形容词,作定语,如:our work,her students,theirhouse 2.名词性物主代词相当于一个名词,作主语,表语,宾语 a.His brother is a driver;mine is a worker.b.These books are mine.c.You can use my bike and I may use hers.mymineouroursyouryourshishisherhersits-他的她的它的的/它们的theirtheirs他们的/她们创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1
11、 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日 3.“of+名词性物主代词可构成双重所有格,如:a.Wang Ling is a friend of mine.b.This baby of hers is so lovely.4.物主代词用法应注意的问题:.动名词的逻辑主语假如位于句首,那么多用物主代词,如:a.His coming late made everyone angry.在介词后,表示身体某部位或者身上某位置的名词前,用 the 而不用物主代词,如:a.Ive hurt him in the finger.b.He hit me on the back.c
12、.He caught me by the hair.d.The man pulled me by the sleeve.揪住了我的衣袖.反身代词反身代词一.反身代词的形式:myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves二.反身代词的用法:1.作宾语:a.He taught himself English.b.He is old enough to look after himself.2.在句中作名词或者代词的同位语,以加强名词或者代词的语气,一般表示“亲自“本人 a.I myself did the
13、 work.b.You had better ask Tom himself.指示代词指示代词一.指示代词的形式:this,that,these,those,it,such,same二.指示代词的用法:1.this/these 常指时间是,空间或者心理上较近的人或者物,that/those 常指时间是,空间或者心理上较远的人或者物 2.this/these常指后面要提到的事物,有启下的作用;而 that/those常指前面讲到过的事物,有承上的作用创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日 a.What I want t
14、o tell you is this:The meeting is put off until Friday.b.He had a bad cold.That is why he didnt attend the meeting.3.that/those 还可用来代替上文出现过的名词.作此用法时,它们的用法及与 one/ones 的比照见下表oneones代替什么词C单数C复数C 单 数 或 者thatUthoseC复数the+某名词必无前置定语,必有后置定语the+某名词必无前置定语,必有后置定语交换成 某名词某名词定语问题有前置定语或者后置定语有前置定语或者后置定语 a.The weath
15、er in Beijing is not so hot asthatthat(=the weather)in Shanghai.b.The population of China is a quarter ofthatthat(=the population)of the world.c.The students in class one work harder thanthosethose(=the students)in classtwo.d.The question is an easyoneone.e.Which pencils do you want?The redonesones.
16、f.He has a new coat and several oldonesones.g.I have lost my pen.I am going to buyoneone.4.suchsuch的用法.such 代替或者修饰可数与不可数名词都可 a.He is such a man.b.I dont like such words.c.Such is our plan.such 应位于 no,one,another,some,many,all等词之后 a.One such grammar book is enough.such+a(n)+adj.+n构造等同于 so+adj.+a(n)+n
17、,如:a.It is such a good chance.=It is so good a chance.假如名词为U,那么只能用 such 而不能用 so,如:a.He has made such great progress.创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：b.It was such good weather.二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日.假如名词被many/much/little/few 四个词修饰,那么要用so 而不用such,如:a.He has made so much progress.5.the samethe same
18、的用法:the same=同样(的),可以作定语,表语,主语和宾语 a.They left for Beijing on the same day.b.He will go to swim and Ill do the same.c.Whether he will come or not,it is all the same to me.6.itit的用法:.it 指前面己经提到的人或者事物.模糊 it:it 指时间是,季节,气候,间隔,情况等 a.It is time for the meeting.b.It is Saturday today.c.It is fine today.d.It
19、 often rains in summer and it often snows in winter in this city.e.It is five kilometer from home to the school.f.It is well with you?你身体好吗?.it 作形式主语:it 作形式主语时,真正的主语可以是动词不定式,动名词或者由that引导的主语从句.当句中的这些真正主语用词较多时,常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语移到后面 a.It is a good habit to do morning exercise.b.It is no use learning wi
20、thout thinking.c.It is pity that you didnt see such a good film.it 作形式宾语:it 作形式宾语时,真正的宾语可以是不定式,动名词或者 that 引导的宾语从句.当宾语之后有宾补,而作宾语的不定式或者宾语从句用词较多时,常用 it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语移到后面 a.I find it easy to learn English well if in the right way.b.I consider it wrong that you stand too close to an Englishman.c.They want
21、 to make it clear that they are doing an important and necessary job.it 用于强调句型:It+is/was+被强调的局部+that/who+其他 a.Professor Wang teaches us English every Monday afternoon.(一般陈述句)创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日 b.It is Professor Wang that/who teaches us English every Mondayafte
22、rnoon.(强调句)c.It is us that/who Professor Wang teaches English every Mondayafternoon.(强调句)d.It is English that Professor Wang teaches us every Monday afternoon.(强调句)e.It is every Monday afternoon that Professor teaches us English.(强调句)不定代词不定代词一.不定代词的形式:some,any,no,none,many,much,few,little,each,every
23、,one,all,both,either,neither,other,another及 some,any,no,every构成的复合不定代词二.不定代词的使用:1.不定代词的使用要注意以下几个方面.不定代词作主语时,要明确其终究是单数还是复数,如:both 是复数,either/neither 是单数,all 那么根据情况可作单数或者复数 a.Both of them are students.b.All were present at the meeting.c.All goes well.不定代词作定语时,要明确其修饰可数与不可数的问题,如:many/few修饰可数名词;much/litt
24、le 修饰不可数名词;some/any 既修饰可数也修饰不可数.all/both/each/everybody/everything等含有“全部或者“每个意义的词与否认词not连用时,通常表示局部否认.全部否认时通常采用否认代词none,no one,nobody,neither,nothing等a.Not all ants go out for food.=All ants dont go out for food.并不是所有的蚂蚁出去找食物 b.None of them knew about the plan because it was kept a secret.2.some/anys
25、ome/any的用法:.some常用于肯定句中.some在以下情况下也用于疑问句:表示恳求或者邀请;期待肯定答复,或者认为对方肯定答复的可能性很大时;表建议时 a.Could you lent me some money?创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：b.Will you have some milk?二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日 c.Are you waiting for some friends?d.Would you lend me some books please?.any 常用于疑问句和否认句中;any 用于肯定句中表示“任
26、何;与一些否认含义的词如:hardly,never,not,without等连用多用 anya.I dont have any ink.b.Do you have any ink?c.You can come and see me at any time.d.Any student can solve the problem.3.no/none/no oneno/none/no one的用法:.no=not any,通常用作定语,修饰可数或者不可数 a.There is no milk in the glass.b.He has no brother.none 代替可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用
27、单数或者复数都可(参看“主谓一致);none 代替不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数 a.None of the stories are/is interesting.no one 只泛指人,不与 of 连用;none 指人,事,物皆可,可与 of 连用 4.many/muchmany/much的用法:many 用来修饰或者代替可数名词;much 用来修饰或者代替不可数名词 a.Many students,many of the students.b.Much has been done./He has much to do./He has much work to do.5.few/litt
28、le,a few/a littlefew/little,a few/a little的用法:(a)few 修饰或者代替可数名词;(a)little 修饰或者代替不可数名词 a.Few of them are good at skating.b.I met a few of my friends at the party.c.There is still a little milk in the bottle.d.Little remains to be said.6.each/everyeach/every的用法:.each 指“每个的个别的情况,相当于汉语的“各个.every 虽有“每个的意
29、思,但常从整体出发,强调一共同性,相当于“每个都创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日 a.Every one of us has strong and weak points.(强调所有人都)b.Each of us has strong and weak points.(强调每个都).主语中有 each/every,构成反意问句时,多用复数变化.,如:a.Every student like the film,dont they?b.Each of us takes part in the activity,do
30、nt we?.every 可以和 not 连用,each 不可以 a.Not every worker can do it.7.oneone的用法:.表示“一个,如:one hour,one man.泛指不确定的人,可译为“人们“一个人,表此意时,它的所有格是 ones,反身代词是 oneself a.One should be strict with oneself.b.One should serve his country wholeheartedly.one/ones 代替上文出现过的可数名词,以防止重复 a.He has a washer.I want to buy one too.
31、b.Which shirt do you like?I like the red one.8.allall的用法:作主语时,谓语动词根据情况采取单数或者复数;作定语时,修饰 U/C b.All is going on well.9.bothboth表示“两者都,作主语时,谓语动词用复数;作定语时,修饰复数名词 10.eithereither表示“两者之中任何一个,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;作定语时,修饰单数名词 a.Here are two pens.You may use either of them.b.There are shops on either side of the stree
32、t.c.Either of them is going there.11.neitherneither表示“两者都不,作主语时,谓语动词用单数;作定语时,修饰单数名词 a.Neither is right.b.Neither film is interesting.12.otherother的用法:the other 表示两者中的另外一个;the others=the other+复数名词,表示“其余的一些;others=other+复数名词,表示“别的人或者事物创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日 a.He ha
33、s two sons.One is a teacher.The other is a worker.b.Some went to the Great Wall,the others went to the lake.13.another指不定数目中的另外一个;another+复数名词表示“再一些,又一些 a.This skirt is too long.Please show me another.b.I want to have another cup of coffee.c.I will finish the work in another ten minutes.是由some,any,no,every和body,thing,one构成的,如:somebody,something,someone.带 some 的不定代词一般用于肯定句,带 any 的不定代词一般用于否认句及疑问句中,它们的用法与 some/any 的用法相似创 作人：荧多莘日 期：二 O 二二 年 1 月 17 日