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1、初中英语的句子成分及根本句初中英语的句子成分及根本句型讲解型讲解-练习练习-答案答案句子成分及根本句型句子成分及根本句型【句子的成分】【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语直在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语直接宾语、间接宾语接宾语、间接宾语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。等。一一主语：主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的表示所说的“是“是什么或“是谁。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相什么或“是谁。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如：1 1 Lucy i
2、s a beautiful nurse.Lucy is a beautiful nurse.名词作主语名词作主语2 2He reads newspapers every day.He reads newspapers every day.代词作代词作主语主语3 3 Smoking is harmful to the health.Smoking is harmful to the health.动名词动名词作主语作主语4 4 To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasu
3、re.不定式作主语不定式作主语5 5What we should do is not yet decided.What we should do is not yet decided.主主语从句作主语语从句作主语二谓语二谓语说明主语“做什么“是什么或“怎么样。说明主语“做什么“是什么或“怎么样。谓语谓语局部里主要的词必须是动词。谓语和主谓语谓语局部里主要的词必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。2 2如：如：His parents are teachers.His parents are teachers.系动词和表语系动词和表
4、语一起作谓语一起作谓语We study hard.We study hard.行为动词作谓语行为动词作谓语We donWe don t finish reading the book.t finish reading the book.助动助动词和行为动词一起作谓语词和行为动词一起作谓语He can speak English.He can speak English.情态动词和行为情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语动词一起作谓语三宾语三宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任
5、，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。She is doing her homework now.She is doing her homework now.名词作宾语名词作宾语She saysShe saysthatthatshe is ill.she is ill.宾语从句作动词宾语宾语从句作动词宾语We often help him.We often help him.代词作宾语代词作宾语He likes to play basketball.He likes to play basketball.不定式作宾语不定式作宾语WeWe enj
6、oyenjoy listeninglistening toto thethe music.music.我们喜欢听音我们喜欢听音乐。乐。动名词短语作宾语动名词短语作宾语说明说明 1 1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动3 34 41 1I give him a book.I give him a book.改成：改成：2 2He passesHe passes meme th
7、ethe book.book.他将书递给我。他将书递给我。改成：改成：3 3He writes me a letter.He writes me a letter.改成：改成：4 4He will buy me some books.He will buy me some books.改成：改成：5 5She is making me a cake.She is making me a cake.改成：改成：四宾语补足语四宾语补足语在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词成分，称为宾语补足语。名词、形容词
8、、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语。如：如：They make her happy.They make her happy.形容词形容词I see her dance.I see her dance.不定式不定式WellWell helphelp youyou toto makemake thethe OlympicsOlympics a asuccess.success.名词名词Please let him in.Please let him in.副词副词We hea
9、rd her singing a song.We heard her singing a song.分词短语分词短语五表语五表语表语说明主语“是什么或者“怎么样，由名表语说明主语“是什么或者“怎么样，由名5 5词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。容词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。如：如：I am a teacher.I am a teacher.名词名词He is always happy.He is always happy.形容词形容词They are on the playground
10、now.They are on the playground now.介词短语介词短语It gets cold.It gets cold.形容词形容词BeBe 动词动词amam，is is，are,was,wereare,was,were系动词系动词表保持表保持keep,stay,remainkeep,stay,remain表改变表改变getget，becomebecome，turnturn感官动词感官动词 feelfeel，soundsound 听起来听起来，seem/lookseem/look看起来看起来，tastetaste尝起来尝起来，smellsmell闻起来闻起来 如如：It It
11、 soundssounds interesting.interesting.soundsound 为为系系动动词词，interestinginteresting 为表语为表语We should all remain careful.RemainWe should all remain careful.Remain为系为系动词，动词，carefulcareful 为表语为表语六定语六定语定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、定语是用来修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等。或短语等。6 6单个词作定
12、语时，单个词作定语时，通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。通常放在它所修饰的名词之前。如：如：The black bike is mine.The black bike is mine.形容词形容词Whats your name?Whats your name?代词代词They make paper flowers.They make paper flowers.名词名词说明说明 1 1：当定语修饰不定代词：当定语修饰不定代词：nothing,nothing,anything,anything,everything,somethingeverything,something 等时，等时，定语在不定代词
13、后定语在不定代词后面。面。如：如：I I telltell himhim somethingsomething interesting.interesting.形容词形容词 interestinginteresting 作不定代词作不定代词 somethingsomething 的的后置定语后置定语He has something to do.He has something to do.to doto do 为不为不定式作后置定语定式作后置定语说明说明 2 2：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名：短语或从句作定语时，也放在被修饰的名词之后。词之后。如：如：The boys in the r
14、oom are in Class Four.The boys in the room are in Class Four.in the roomin the room 是介词短语作是介词短语作 the boysthe boys 的后置定语。的后置定语。七状语七状语修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的修饰动词、形容词、副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。状语一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。状语一般放在句末，但
15、有的可以放在句首、句中。7 7如：如：He did it carefully.He did it carefully.副词副词We often help him.We often help him.副词副词Her mother goes out to do some shopping onHer mother goes out to do some shopping onSunday.Sunday.介词短语介词短语When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.When I grow up,I am going to be a teacher.从句作时间状语
16、从句作时间状语He sits there.He sits there.副词地点状语副词地点状语【简单句的五种根本句型】【简单句的五种根本句型】A.A.主语主语+不及物动词不及物动词(主谓主谓)如：如：The sun rises.The sun rises.太阳升起来。太阳升起来。The car stopped.The car stopped.小汽车停下来了。小汽车停下来了。riserise 和和 stopstop 都是不及物动词，因此后边不必都是不及物动词，因此后边不必加宾语。加宾语。B.B.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语(主谓宾主谓宾)如：如：I I lovelove mymy cou
17、ntry.country.HeHe helpshelps me.me.I like action movies.I like action movies.I buy a book.I buy a book.C.C.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语(主系表主系表)如：如：Her brother is a driver.Her brother is a driver.WeWe feelfeel happy.happy.feelfeel 为系动词，表示感为系动词，表示感到到8 8It gets dark.It gets dark.天黑了。天黑了。getget 为系动词，为系动词，表示表示变得变得To
18、m looks ill.TomTom looks ill.Tom看上去病了。看上去病了。looklook 为为系动词，表示看上去，看起来系动词，表示看上去，看起来D.D.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+双宾语双宾语 直接宾语、直接宾语、间接宾语间接宾语(主谓主谓+直宾直宾+间宾间宾)如：如：He gives Tom a present.He gives Tom a present.双宾语双宾语他他给汤姆一件礼物。给汤姆一件礼物。Mother make a new dress for me.Mother make a new dress for me.双宾双宾语语妈妈为我做了一件衣服。妈妈为我做了一
19、件衣服。E.E.主语主语+及物动词及物动词+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语(主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补)如：如：TheyThey callcall herher Mary.Mary.宾补宾补他们叫他们叫她她 MaryMary。WeWe makemake ourour classroomclassroom cleanclean andand tidy.tidy.宾补宾补我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。我们使我们的教室干净而整齐。He always makes us laugh.He always makes us laugh.宾补宾补他他总使我们笑。总使我们笑。例题例题写出划线局部的句子成分。写出划
20、线局部的句子成分。1.Lily is cleaning the desk now.1.Lily is cleaning the desk now.9 92.Her garden is the best in our town.2.Her garden is the best in our town.3.Liu Ming is thirteen years old.3.Liu Ming is thirteen years old.4.I like this book very much.4.I like this book very much.5.The girl on the blue bik
21、e is5.The girl on the blue bike is JanesJanes sister.sister.6.6.SheShe didntdidnt comecome toto mymy partyparty becausebecause sheshe waswasill.ill.7.Wang Ping does his homework carefully.7.Wang Ping does his homework carefully.8.8.WeWe willwill gogo toto ththe e ChildrensChildrens PalacePalace once
22、once a aweek.week.9.They are in the classroom.9.They are in the classroom.10.It sounds good.10.It sounds good.11.His name is Paul.11.His name is Paul.12.We always go to school early.12.We always go to school early.1010课后练习课后练习(一一)挑出以下句中的宾语挑出以下句中的宾语 My brother doesnt do his homework.My brother doesnt
23、 do his homework.A AB BC CD D People all over the world speak English.People all over the world speak English.A AB BC CD D You mustYou mustpay good attention to your pronunciation.pay good attention to your pronunciation.A AB BC CD D How many new words do you learn?How many new words do you learn?A
24、AB BC CD D Some of the students in the school want to goSome of the students in the school want to goswimming,how about you?swimming,how about you?A AB BC CD D(二二)挑出以下句中的表语挑出以下句中的表语 The old man is feeling very tired.The old man is feeling very tired.A AB BC CD D Why is he worried about Jim?Why is he
25、 worried about Jim?A AB BC CD D The leaves have turned yellow.The leaves have turned yellow.A AB BC CD D Soon They all become interested in the subject.Soon They all become interested in the subject.A AB BC CD D1111 She is the first to learn about it.She is the first to learn about it.A AB BC CD D(三
26、三)挑出以下句中的定语挑出以下句中的定语 They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.They use Mr.Mrs.with the family name.A AB BC CD D What is your given name?What is your given name?A AB BC CD D On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.A AB BC CD D I am afraid some people forgot to sw
27、eep theI am afraid some people forgot to sweep thefloor.floor.A AB BC CD D The man downstairs was trying to sleep.The man downstairs was trying to sleep.A AB BC CD D四四)挑出以下句中的宾语补足语挑出以下句中的宾语补足语 She likes the children to read newspapers andShe likes the children to read newspapers andbooks in the read
28、ing-room.books in the reading-room.A AB BC CD D He asks her to take the boy out of school.He asks her to take the boy out of school.A AB BC CD D She find it difficult to do the work.She find it difficult to do the work.A AB BC CD D They call me Lily sometimes.They call me Lily sometimes.A AB BC CD D
29、1212 I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.I saw Mr.Wang get on the bus.A BA BC CD D(五五)挑出以下句中的状语挑出以下句中的状语 There is a big smile on her face.There is a big smile on her face.A AB BC CD D Every night he heard the noise upstairs.Every night he heard the noise upstairs.A AB BC CD D He began to learn English when
30、 he was eleven.He began to learn English when he was eleven.A AB BC CD D The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.The man on the motorbike is travelling to fast.A AB BC CD D With the medicine box under her With the medicine box under herarm,Miss Li hurried off.arm,Miss Li hurried off.A AB BC C
31、D D(六六)划出句中的直接宾语划出句中的直接宾语()和间接宾语和间接宾语 Please tell us a story.Please tell us a story.My father bought a new bike for me last week.My father bought a new bike for me last week.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Mr.Li is going to teach us history next term.Here is a pen.Give it to Tom.Here is
32、 a pen.Give it to Tom.Does he leave any message for me?Does he leave any message for me?1313典型例题答案典型例题答案一一.写出划线局部的句子成分。写出划线局部的句子成分。1.1.主，谓，宾，状主，谓，宾，状2.2.定，状定，状3.3.表表4.4.谓，宾，状谓，宾，状5.5.定，定定，定6.6.谓，状谓，状7.7.谓，宾，状谓，宾，状8.8.谓，状谓，状9.9.表表10.10.表表11.11.定，表定，表12.12.状，状状，状课后练习课后练习(三三)D D D D B B A A B(B(四四)D D B B D DC C B B(五五)C C C C A A B B B B(六六)C C C C C C C C D D(七七)D D A A D D D D A A(八八)us,us,间接间接宾语宾语 a story,a story,直接宾语直接宾语 me,me,间接宾语间接宾语 a new bike,a new bike,直接宾语直接宾语 us,us,间间接宾语接宾语 history,history,直接宾语直接宾语 Tom,Tom,间接宾语间接宾语 it,it,直接宾语直接宾语 me,me,间接宾语间接宾语message,message,直接宾语直接宾语14141515