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1、英语形容词和副词的用法讲解第1页，本讲稿共25页4.1 4.1 形容词及其用法形容词及其用法形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。如：hot hot 热的热的第2页，本讲稿共25页2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。如：afraid afraid 害怕的害怕的()He is an ill man.()()The
2、man is ill.The man is ill.()She is an afraid girl.()()The girl is afraid.The girl is afraid.这类词还有：wellwell，unwellunwell，illill，faintfaint，afraidafraid，alikealike，alivealive，alonealone，asleepasleep，awakeawake等。第3页，本讲稿共25页3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。如：something nicesomethin
3、g nice4.2 4.2 以以-ly-ly结尾的形容词结尾的形容词1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。如：friendlyfriendly，deadlydeadly，lovelylovely，lonelylonely，likelylikely，livelylively，uglyugly，brotherlybrotherly，仍为形，仍为形容词容词。改错：()She sang lovely.()He spoke to me very friendly.第4页，本讲稿共25页（）Her singing was lovely.Her singing was lovely.（）He spoke to
4、 me in a very.He spoke to me in a very.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。如：dailydaily，weeklyweekly，monthlymonthly，yearlyyearly，early.early.The Times is a daily paper.The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily.The Times is published daily.4.3 4.3 用形容词表示类别和整体用形容词表示类别和整体1）某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。
5、如：the deadthe dead，the the livingliving，the richthe rich，the poorthe poor，the blindthe blind，the the hungryhungryThe poor are losing hope.The poor are losing hope.第5页，本讲稿共25页4.4 4.4 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色)-出处-材料性质，类别-名词a small round tablea small round tab
6、lea tall gray buildinga tall gray buildinga dirty old brown shirta dirty old brown shirta famous German medical schoola famous German medical schoolan expensive Japanese sports caran expensive Japanese sports car第6页，本讲稿共25页4.5 4.5 副词及其基本用法副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1 1）在动词之前。在动词之前。2 2）在在
7、bebe动词、助动词之后。动词、助动词之后。3 3）多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。助动词后。注意：第7页，本讲稿共25页a.大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。We could see very clearly a strange We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.light ahead of us.b.方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.He speaks English well
8、.二、副词的排列顺序：1 1）时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。位在后。第8页，本讲稿共25页2）方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.Please write slowly and carefully.3）多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：()I very like English.()I like English very much.()I like English very much.注意：
9、副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。第9页，本讲稿共25页I dont know him well enough.I dont know him well enough.There is enough food for everyone to There is enough food for everyone to eat.eat.There is food enough for everyone to There is food enough for everyone to eat.eat.4.6 4.6 兼有两种形式的副词兼有两种形式的副词1 1）clo
10、seclose与与closelycloselycloseclose意思是意思是“近近”；closelyclosely意思是意思是“仔细仔细地地”He is sitting close to me.He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.Watch him closely.第10页，本讲稿共25页2 2）late late 与与latelylatelylatelate意思是意思是“晚晚”；lately lately 意思是意思是“最近最近”You have come too late.You have come too late.What have
11、 you been doing latelyWhat have you been doing lately？3 3）deepdeep与与deeplydeeplydeepdeep意思是意思是“深深”，表示空间深度；，表示空间深度；deeplydeeply时常表示感情上的深度，时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地深深地”He pushed the stick deep into the mud.He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the Even father was deeply moved by
12、the film.film.第11页，本讲稿共25页4 4）highhigh与与highlyhighlyhighhigh表示空间高度；表示空间高度；highlyhighly表示程度，相当表示程度，相当于于muchmuchThe plane was flying high.The plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.I think highly of your opinion.5 5）widewide与与widelywidely wide wide表示空间宽度；表示空间宽度；widelywidely意思是意思是“广泛广泛地地”
13、，“在许多地方在许多地方”He opened the door wide.He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.English is widely used in the world.第12页，本讲稿共25页6 6）freefree与与freelyfreelyfreefree的意思是的意思是“免费免费”；freely freely 的意思是的意思是“无限制地无限制地”You can eat free in my restaurant You can eat free in my restaurant whenev
14、er you like.whenever you like.You may speak freely;say what you You may speak freely;say what you like.like.4.7 as+4.7 as+形容词或副词原级形容词或副词原级+as+as1 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用）在否定句或疑问句中可用so asso as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.He cannot run so/as fast as you.第13页，本讲稿共25页2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as+as+形容词形容词+a+a+单数名
15、词单数名词as+many/much+as+many/much+名词名词a.This is as good an example as the a.This is as good an example as the other is.other is.b.I can carry as much paper as you can.b.I can carry as much paper as you can.3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。a.This room is twice as big as that a.This room is twice as big as
16、that one.one.b.Your room is the same size as mine.b.Your room is the same size as mine.第14页，本讲稿共25页4）倍数+as+adj.+as倍数+then+ofa.This bridge is three times as long a.This bridge is three times as long as that one.as that one.b.This bridge is three times the b.This bridge is three times the length of th
17、at one.length of that one.c.Your room is twice as large as c.Your room is twice as large as mine.mine.d.Your room is twice the size of d.Your room is twice the size of mine.mine.第15页，本讲稿共25页4.8 4.8 比较级形容词或副词比较级形容词或副词 +than+than You are taller than I.You are taller than I.They lights in your room are
18、 as bright as those They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.in mine.注意：1）要避免重复使用比较级。(错错)He is more)He is more cleverercleverer than his brother.than his brother.(对对)He is more clever than his brother.)He is more clever than his brother.(对对)He is clever than his brother.)He is clever
19、than his brother.第16页，本讲稿共25页2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。()China is larger that any country in Asia.()China is larger than any other()China is larger than any other countries in Asia.countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beij
20、ing.than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.carry it out.第17页，本讲稿共25页4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较：比较：Which is large,Canada or Which is large,Canada or AustraliaAustralia？Which is the larger country,Canada Which is the larger countr
21、y,Canada or Australiaor Australia？She is taller than her two sisters.She is taller than her two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.She is the taller of the two sisters.第18页，本讲稿共25页4.9 4.9 可修饰比较级的词可修饰比较级的词1 1）a bit,a little,rather,much,a bit,a little,rather,much,far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a
22、 far,by far,many,a lot,lots,a great deal,any,still,evengreat deal,any,still,even等等2 2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。饰语。3 3）以上词）以上词(除除by far)by far)外，必须置于比较级外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。形容词或副词的前面。第19页，本讲稿共25页4.10 many,old 4.10 many,old 和和 farfar1)如果后接名词时，much more+much more+不可数名词、不可数名词、many more+many m
23、ore+可数可数名词复数名词复数2)old 有两种比较级和最高级形式:older/oldest和elder/eldest。elder，eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sistersMary is the eldest of the three sisters.3)far 有两种比较级，farther，further.在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。
24、I have nothing further to say.I have nothing further to say.第20页，本讲稿共25页4.11 the+4.11 the+最高级最高级 +比较范围比较范围1)The Sahara is the biggest desert 1)The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示“非常”。It is a most important problem.=It
25、It is a most important problem.=It is a very important problem.is a very important problem.第21页，本讲稿共25页注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。()Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.()Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2)下列词可修饰最高级，by far,far,much,mostly,almostThis h
26、at is nearly/almost the biggest.This hat is nearly/almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is the very best.This is much the best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.Africa is the second largest continent.第22页，本讲稿共25页3)句型转换：Mike
27、 is the most intelligent in his Mike is the most intelligent in his class.class.Mike is more intelligent than any Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.other students in his class.4)“否定词语+比较级”，“否定词语+so as”结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is Nothing is so easy as
28、this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.thing.第23页，本讲稿共25页4.12 4.12 和和moremore有关的词组有关的词组1)the more the more1)the more the more越越就越就越The harder you workThe harder you work，the greater the greater progress youll make.progress youll make.2)more
29、 B than A2)more B than A与其说与其说A A不如说不如说B Bless A than B less A than B He is more lazy than slow at his He is more lazy than slow at his work.=He is less slow than lazy at work.=He is less slow than lazy at his work.his work.第24页，本讲稿共25页3)no more than 3)no more than 与与一样一样，不比不比多多The officials could see no more than The officials could see no more than the Emperor.the Emperor.no less thanno less than与与一样一样He is no less diligent than you.He is no less diligent than you.4)more than4)more than不只是，非常不只是，非常She is more than kind to us allShe is more than kind to us all第25页，本讲稿共25页