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1、会计学1细胞细胞(xbo)分子生物学分子生物学 化学基础化学基础第一页，共13页。第2页/共13页第二页，共13页。2.2 Chemical Building Blocks of Cells第3页/共13页第三页，共13页。Amino Acids Differing Only in TheirAmino Acids Differing Only in TheirSide Chains Compose ProteinsSide Chains Compose Proteinsn nAlthough the chemical properties of such optical isomers ar
2、e Although the chemical properties of such optical isomers are identical,their biological activities are distinct.Only L amino acids identical,their biological activities are distinct.Only L amino acids are found in proteins.are found in proteins.第4页/共13页第四页，共13页。Five Different Nucleotides AreFive D
3、ifferent Nucleotides AreUsed to Build Nucleic AcidsUsed to Build Nucleic Acids第5页/共13页第五页，共13页。Monosaccharides Joined by Glycosidic Bonds Form Monosaccharides Joined by Glycosidic Bonds Form Linear and Branched PolysaccharidesLinear and Branched Polysaccharides第6页/共13页第六页，共13页。Fatty Acids Are Precur
4、sors for Many Cellular LipidsFatty Acids Are Precursors for Many Cellular Lipids第7页/共13页第七页，共13页。2.3 Chemical Equilibriumn nEquilibrium Constants Reflect the Extent of a Equilibrium Constants Reflect the Extent of a Chemical ReactionChemical Reactionn nChemical Reactions in Cells Are at Steady State
5、Chemical Reactions in Cells Are at Steady Staten nDissociation Constants for Binding Reactions Reflect Dissociation Constants for Binding Reactions Reflect the Affinity of Interacting Moleculesthe Affinity of Interacting Molecules第8页/共13页第八页，共13页。Buffers Maintain the pH of Intracellular and Extracel
6、lular FluidsBuffers Maintain the pH of Intracellular and Extracellular Fluids第9页/共13页第九页，共13页。2.4 Biochemical Energeticsn nSeveral Forms of Energy Are Important in Several Forms of Energy Are Important in Biological SystemsBiological Systems Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy(thermal energy,Radiant energ
7、y,Mechanical energy,(thermal energy,Radiant energy,Mechanical energy,Electric energyElectric energy)Potential Energy Potential Energy(chemical potential energy,concentration(chemical potential energy,concentration gradient,Electric potential)gradient,Electric potential)n nCells Can Transform One Typ
8、e of Energy into AnotherCells Can Transform One Type of Energy into Another第10页/共13页第十页，共13页。n nThe Change in Free Energy Determines The Direction of The Change in Free Energy Determines The Direction of a Chemical Reaction a Chemical Reaction n nHydrolysis of ATP Releases Substantial Free Hydrolysis of ATP Releases Substantial Free Energy and Drives Many Cellular ProcessesEnergy and Drives Many Cellular Processes第11页/共13页第十一页，共13页。第12页/共13页第十二页，共13页。感谢您的观看感谢您的观看(gunkn)！第13页/共13页第十三页，共13页。