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1、2.1 Atomic Bonds and Molecular Interactions第1页/共13页第一页，共13页。第2页/共13页第二页，共13页。2.2 Chemical Building Blocks of Cells第3页/共13页第三页，共13页。Amino Acids Differing Only in TheirSide Chains Compose Proteins Although the chemical properties of such optical isomers are identical, their biological activities are d
2、istinct. Only L amino acids are found in proteins.第4页/共13页第四页，共13页。Five Different Nucleotides AreUsed to Build Nucleic Acids第5页/共13页第五页，共13页。Monosaccharides Joined by Glycosidic Bonds Form Linear and Branched Polysaccharides第6页/共13页第六页，共13页。Fatty Acids Are Precursors for Many Cellular Lipids第7页/共13页
3、第七页，共13页。2.3 Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium Constants Reflect the Extent of a Chemical Reaction Chemical Reactions in Cells Are at Steady State Dissociation Constants for Binding Reactions Reflect the Affinity of Interacting Molecules第8页/共13页第八页，共13页。Buffers Maintain the pH of Intracellular and Ex
4、tracellular Fluids第9页/共13页第九页，共13页。2.4 Biochemical Energetics Several Forms of Energy Are Important in Biological Systems Kinetic Energy (thermal energy, Radiant energy, Mechanical energy, Electric energy) Potential Energy (chemical potential energy, concentration gradient, Electric potential) Cells Can Transform One Type of Energy into Another第10页/共13页第十页，共13页。 The Change in Free Energy Determines The Direction of a Chemical Reaction Hydrolysis of ATP Releases Substantial Free Energy and Drives Many Cellular Processes第11页/共13页第十一页，共13页。第12页/共13页第十二页，共13页。感谢您的观看(gunkn)！第13页/共13页第十三页，共13页。