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1、20222023 学年重庆一中高二上学期学情调研 英语试题 注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名.准考证号码填写在答题卡上。2.作答时，务必将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷及草稿纸上无效。3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 37.5 分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。A Now,a new study has uncovered a simple physical rule that governs ant rafts(蚂蚁筏):shrink and expand.Th
2、e discovery could one day lead to the design of robots that work in groups.Individually,ants are not as smart as people think,but collectively,they can form very smart and flexible organizations.For example,after storms in the southeastern United States,fire ants form giant floating rafts to survive
3、 rough waters.Researchers used mathematical models to work out the mechanics behind these floating rafts.They found that the faster the ants on a raft moved,the more the raft expanded outwards,often forming long stretches.This behavior is automatic in nature and does not require any central decision
4、 making.The researchers also conducted experiments to uncover the secrets of the ant raft.They put thousands of fire ants in a bucket of water with a plastic stick in the middle,and they waited.What they eventually saw was that rafts started to form,and instead of these structures staying the same s
5、hape over time,they kept shrinking and expanding until they formed dense colonies.Sometimes the ants spread out like pancake batter(面糊)on a frying pan,and sometimes they shrank to form bridges.Each ant raft was made up of two layers.At the bottom,structural ants stuck together to form a base.Above t
6、hem was a second layer of ants,which were free to walk on top of other ants.Over a period of time,ants climbed from the bottom to the top.When they let the game play out,researchers found simulated(模拟的)ant rafts behaved like they were in the real world.The more the ants walked,the more likely they w
7、ere to form long stretches stretching out from the raft,like people gathering for the exit in a crowded stadium.Research on fire ants will hopefully help understand how simple rules can be written to instruct robot show to interact with others to achieve targeted group responses.1What plays an impor
8、tant role in the size of ant rafts?AThe speed of ants.BThe central decision.CThe division of labor.DThe number of ants.2What is mainly discussed about ant rafts in the fifth paragraph?ASize BFunction.CShape.DFormation.3Which column of a magazine is this article most likely from?AEducation.BSociety.C
9、Technology.DEnvironment.B Educator and civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune will soon make history as the first black person to have a statue in the U.S.Capitols Statuary Hall,when her statue replaces that of a general.Bethune,the daughter of formerly enslaved people,was an influential educator
10、 and activist who founded the National Council of Negro Women,advised multiple U.S.presidents and created a boarding school for black children that would later become Bethune-Cookman University in Daytona Beach.The 11-foot statue weighs more than 6,000 1bsIt was created by artist Nilda Comas,who was
11、 chosen from a field of 1,600 applicants and is the first Hispanic master sculptor to create a statue for the National Statuary Hall State Collection.Before she started sculpting,Comas conducted a four-year thorough research,which she called“a beautiful journey.”The statue features Bethune wearing a
12、 cap and long dress and a pearl necklace,holding a black rose in one hand and a walking stick in the other.Shes standing in front of a pile of books,with a warm smile and what one local reporter described as eyes that“register wisdom kindness.”The base of the statue is inscribed(铭刻)with her name,her
13、 home state,birth and death dates,as well as one of her most famous quotes,“Invest in the human soul.Who knows,it may be a diamond in the rough.”The black rose represents Bethunes work in education,as well as her belief that“loving thy neighbor”required interracial,inter-religious and international
14、brotherhood,according to a nonprofit organization.“Although there is no species of flower called a black rose,Dr.Bethune was attracted by beauty of a rose with a particular dark colour,”it explained.“These dark roses instantly became her favorite.She thereafter referred to her pupils as her black ro
15、ses”4Why has Bethunes statue been set up?ABecause she offered much advice to US presidents.BBecause she was the first black person to be a general.CBecause she created the first university for black people.DBecause she was a distinguished black educator and activist.5What are Para.3 and 4.mainly abo
16、ut?AThe size of the statue.BThe research of the statue.CThe creation of the statue.DThe choosing of the sculptor.6What does“black rose”in Para.6 stand for?ABethunes famousquotes.BBethunes devotion and faith.CBethunes wisdom and kindness.DBethunes investment and religion.7What do we know about Bethun
17、e?AA shaper of human soul.BA founder of a nonprofit.CAn educator for African women.DA builder of modern university.C Humans have been living and working on the space station for 20 years.Their meals are packaged,though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats from resupply missions.The longer that
18、packaged food is stored,the more it loses nutrients like vitamin C and vitamin K.Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance to sample each one.The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the
19、harvest of the first Chili(辣椒)grown in space.The crew finally had a chance to taste the peppers after initially kicking off the plant experiment on the space station in July.Plant Habitat-04 is one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory to date because peppers take much lon
20、ger to grow than the previous experiment plants.After growing for four months,the peppers were harvested on Friday.Peppers provide a great source of vitamin C,as well as other key nutrients.Pepper plants self-pollinate,so they are easy to grow,and they are a pick-and-eat crop that doesnt have to be
21、cooked.They are also safe to eat raw.A side effect of life in zero gravity is that astronauts often lose some of their taste and smell,so spicy or well-seasoned foods are a favorite.Adding fresh greens or peppers to the menu allows astronauts to liven up their regular meals.But growing and tending t
22、o the plants can also produce other benefits.Astronauts have described the joy from seeingas well as smelling and caring forleafy green plants on the space station that remind them of Earth.“Growing colorful vegetables in space can have long-term benefits for physical and psychological health,”said
23、Matt Romeyn,principal investigator for the experiment.”We are discovering that growing plants and vegetables with colors and smells helps to improve astronauts well-being.”8What does underlined“kicking off”in the 2nd paragraph mean?ALaunch.BComplete.CQuit.DAnnounce.9What makes Plant Habitat-04 one o
24、f the most complex plant experiments?AThe technology.BGrowing process.CThe varieties of plants.DGrowing time required.10Why are peppers added to the menu for astronauts?AThey are delicious.BThey restore their appetite.CThey help kill diseases.DThey improve their memory.11What is the suitable title f
25、or the text?AThe Fun in the Space Life BThe Common Goal in the Space Mission CThe First Chili Peppers Grown in Space DA Research Finding from the Space Mission D Many facts suggest that children are overweight and the situation is getting worse,according to the doctors.I feel there are a number of r
26、easons for this.Some people blame the fact that we are surrounded by shops selling unhealthy,fatty foods,such as fried chicken and ice cream,at low prices.This has turned out a whole generation of grown-ups who seldom cook a meal for themselves.If there were fewer of these restaurants,then probably
27、children would buy less take-away food.There is another argument that blames parents for allowing their children to become overweight.I agree with this,because good eating habits begin early in life,long before children start to visit fast food shops.If children are given fried chicken and chocolate
28、 rather than healthy food,or are always allowed to choose what they eat,they will go for sweet and salty foods every time,and this will carry on throughout their lives.There is a third reason for this situation.Children these days take very little exercise.They do not walk to school.When they get ho
29、me,they sit in front of the television or their computers and play computer games.Not only is this an unhealthy pastime(消遣),it also gives them time to eat more unhealthy food.What they need is to go outside and play active games or sports.The above are the main reasons for this problem,and therefore
30、 we have to encourage young people to be more active,as well as steering them away from fast food shops and bad eating habits.12According to the text,what kind of children may eat more unhealthy food?AThose who often take exercise.BThose who often watch television.CThose who often have meals at home
31、.DThose who often walk to school.13The author thinks that children are becoming overweight because .Atheir parents often cook meals for them Bthey are too busy to go out and play Cthey cant choose what to eat Dthere are too many fast food shops around 14The word steering underlined in the last sente
32、nce most probably means _.Aforcing Bguiding Cdriving Dmoving 15The main purpose of the text is to _.Atell a story Bprovide facts Cgive advice Dcompare opinions 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。We are taught from childhood that warming up is a must in preparat
33、ion for any exercise.It allows us to prepare our muscles for the strain（拉力）we are about to place on them and prevent injury._16_These all prepare for an effective workout._17_It prevents dizziness,helps return the heart rate back to normal and prevents chronic venous insufficiency（CVI）.Also known as
34、 blood pooling,CVI occurs when the blood in blood vessels（血管）expands during prolonged exercise,making it difficult for it to return to the heart from the legs.According to many health and fitness instructors,the total cool-down period should last 3 to 10 minutes,or until you are ready to stop._18_Fo
35、r example,if you have been working your legs,you will need to do lower body stretches or a slow walk.There are many helpful tutorials online.The best way to measure whether you have cooled down effectively is purely based on common senseif you feel your heart rate has reduced,thats enough.There is n
36、o research to prove stretching after a session will help reduce pain,but if you feel it helps,do so._19_ Cooling down methods,including foam rollers,a sports massage or dry needling,are worth investigating._20_If the pain is there the next day,consult your doctor,and,more importantly,warm up more th
37、oroughly next time.AIt is down to personal preference.BFast walking is the simplest exercise.CIf you are not flexible,lower your upper body.DIf you experience any pain when stretching,stop.EBut cooling down is as important as warming up.FAreas to target depend on which part of the body you have trai
38、ned.GMore importantly,it steadily increases the heart rate and blood flow.第二部分 语言运用（共两节，满分 30 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。When our three kids were young,we had days that went on for life times,As I watched my husband Crag leave every morning,I felt _21_ to
39、 have so much time alone with my babies.When Craig _22_ each evening,he would smile and ask,“So!How was your day?”This question showed the _23_ between his experience of a“day”and mine.How was my day?I _24_ Craig as the kids screamed loudly around.Then I looked down at my dirty T-shirt and the toys
40、littering the floor.I wanted to say,“Today has been a _25_ There were moments when I was so fed up with the mess that I thought I might _26_.I was both lonely and _27_ to be alone.”But busy with so much housework,I was too tired to _28_.So I just said,“Fine.”But I felt sad because _29_ is about bein
41、g seen and known.So we decided to _30_ help.We learned from the counselor（咨询师）that love is _31_ and we shouldnt ask the same empty questions like:“How was your day?”_32_,we can ask questions like:When did you feel loved or lonely today?A _33_ question is a key that will unlock a room inside the pers
42、on you love.Questions are like gifts.Its the _34_ behind them that the receiver feels.The more _35_ you give to your questions,the more beautiful the answers become.21Arelaxed Bscared Cexcited Dsurprised 22Acalled Bawoke Creturned Dwithdrew 23Acombination Bgap Cwrestle Dlinked 24Astared at Bbroke wi
43、th Clied to Ddrove away 25Amiracle Bflash Clifetime Ddiscovery 26Ajump Bregret Chesitate Dexplode 27Aoptimistic Bdesperate Csecure Dthankful 28Amove Blisten Cquarrel Danswer 29Alove Brespect Ctrust Dhelp 30Aoffer Breceive Crefuse Dseek 31Aspecific Bprecious Cfundamental Dplain 32AHowever BInstead CC
44、onsequently DBesides 33Acaring Bcurious Cpointed Ddirect 34Asecret Bresponse Cthought Dinspiration 35Aclue Bexplanations Csupport Dattention 第二节（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，满分 15 分）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。“Time waits for no man”or so the saying goes.We cant stop time and we cant control _36_,althoug
45、h sometimes,in our minds,we think time flies.But if this year _37_ particular feels like its passing more quickly than others have done,there could be a scientific _38_(explain).Of course,we know a year is usually 365 days long.Clever scientists calculated this a long time ago.They also worked out t
46、hat every four years,we need an extra day _39_(call)a leap year to keep our calendar in sync(同步).But 2021 isnt one of those years,and yet its not behaving like _40_ normal year.Scientists have done the math and discovered the Earth is moving faster than it ever has in the last 50 years,_41_ means th
47、at 2021 is going to be the shortest year in decades.Apparently,this is _42_ the Earth is spinning faster,quicker than it has done in decades,and the days are therefore shorter.But they are only short by a tiny amountaround 0.05 millisecondsso dont panic if you havent noticed!However,long-term these
48、milliseconds add up.Graham Jones from Time and Date told The Independent newspaper:“If the Earths rotation continues to _43_(quick),we may at some point require a negative leap second.If this happens,our clocks would skip a second _44_(keep)up with the hurrying Earth.”Since 1972,27 leap seconds _45_
49、(add)to our time.第三部分 写作（共两节，满分 40 分）第一节（满分 15 分）假定你是李华，暑期刚刚结束了外教 Mr.Kidd 的网络课程学习。请你给他写一封课程反馈的邮件，内容如下：1表示感激；2你的评价；3你的建议。注意：1写作词数应为 80 左右；2请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Mr.Kidd,_ Yours,Li Hua 第二节（满分 25 分）读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。“Go back,Mom!Go back!”shouted my six-year-old daughter,June.I
50、quickly turned around to cast my doubtful eyes on the back seat,worried I had forgotten her younger sister.I was relieved to see the girls safe and sit in their car seats,but Junes expression was one of pure anxiety.“Mom,we have to go back,”she insisted.“Someone needs our help!”As I looked back from