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1、5语法之动词的时态和语态中考&高考真题速递中考：Bill likes reading. He _ picture books with his dad every evening.A. read B. reads C. is reading D. has read高考：1.（2019年全国I语法填空）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut _65_ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a _belief that population
2、s are increasing.中考&高考考点解读中考英语考点解读高考英语考点解读初中阶段要求掌握动词的八种时态的基本结构及用法。在语态方面，要求了解被动语态的基本结构及用法，还有动词的主动形式表示被动意义的用法动词的时态和语态是高考中出现频率最高的语法项目。 高中英语教学大纲中要求掌握有11种：一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，过去将来时，现在进行时，过去进行时，将来进行时，现在完成时，过去完成时，现在完成进行时，将来完成时。高中阶段要求学生了解并能正确运用常考的10种时态, 尤其熟练运用一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成时态、现在完成进行时等高考高频时态;掌握几种易混时态的区别,如现在完
3、成时和一般过去时。2.熟知各种时态的被动语态的形式和用法及主动形式表示被动意义的用法。 考试侧重点：1.以时态的考查为主,语态的考查为辅。2.在语法填空和短文改错中侧重考查一般过去时态、一般现在时态和现在完成时态。3.考题创设的语境比较明确,通常是根据所设置的语境中上下文的信息判断时态以及主谓语之间的主谓或动宾关系。基础知识梳理一动词的时态1.一般现在时(1)一般现在时的基本结构：动词原形do当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。does动词的第三人称单数形式变化规则如下：直接加-s。如：workworks。以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，先变y为i，再加-es。如：carrycarr
4、ies; crycries; trytries; studystudies。以s，x，o，ch，sh结尾的词加-es。如：washwashes; teachteaches; gogoes; passpasses; fixfixes。特殊：havehas；beis。(2)一般现在时的用法： 表示事实、现状、性质或经常性、习惯性的动作。常与seldom, often, usually, always, sometimes, today, every day, once a week, every five minutes, on Sundays等时间状语连用。I go to school at s
5、even every day. 我每天七点去上学。表示普遍真理和客观事实。The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。(3) 一般现在时的疑问句、否定句Do you see the bird in the tree? 你看见树上的鸟了吗？2.一般过去时（1）一般过去时的用法及标志词一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。句中的谓语动词要变为过去式。常与yesterday, last week, two days ago, in 1988等过去的时间状语连用。（2）一般过去时的疑问句和否定句Did you have any problems on your j
6、ourney? 你在旅途中有一些困难吗？Were most people too busy making a living in early times？在早期，大部分人忙着谋生吗？ Modern soccer didnt become official until 1863. 直到1863年现代足球才成为官方运动。注意：动词过去式的变化规则：(1)一般情况下，在动词原形后加-ed。如：watchwatched(2)以不发音字母e结尾的加-d。如：livelived(3)以“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加-ed。如：studystudied; carrycarried; crycried(4)
7、以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped; planplanned; preferpreferred。(5) 不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。3.一般将来时（1）一般将来时的构成及基本用法1) 结构：“助动词shall/will动词原形”或“be going to动词原形”。2) 用法：表示将要发生的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有 later(on), soon, in a month(in时间段), next time, from now on, tomorrow等。I shall be eighteen years old next y
8、ear. 明年我就18岁了。表示某种必然的趋势。Fish will die without water. 没有水，鱼就会死。（2）一般将来时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句Dont worry. You wont be late. 不用担心，你不会迟到的。Will you leave for Beijing next week? 下周你要去北京吗？Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？4过去将来时过去将来时的构成及基本用法(1)结构： “would动词原形其他”或“was/weregoing to动词原形其他”。(2)用法：表示从过去的某一时刻看
9、，将要发生的动作。His uncle said that there would be a good harvest the next year. 他叔叔说第二年会有个好收成。5. 现在进行时(1) 现在进行时的构成及基本用法1) 结构： am/is/are动词的-ing形式2) 用法：表示目前正在发生(进行)的动作(不指状态)，常用的时间状语有 now, at the moment 等。当有look, listen起提示作用的词时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。Are you writing a letter to your friend now? 你现在正在给你朋友写信吗？Listen! Sh
10、e is singing in the next room. 听！她正在隔壁唱歌。表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。We are planting trees these days. 这些天我们在植树。表示位移的动词的进行时表示动作将要发生。此类词有come, go, leave, arrive, fly等，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。They are leaving for England tomorrow afternoon. 他们明天下午要去英格兰。2现在进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句Mary is listening to music in the next room no
11、w. 玛丽现在正在隔壁听音乐。Jack isnt playing football now. 杰克现在没有在踢足球。Is Mike playing the piano in the room now? 迈克现在在屋里弹钢琴吗？6. 过去进行时1过去进行时的构成及基本用法(1)结构： was/werev.-ing(2)用法：过去进行时主要表示过去某一时间点或某一时间段正在进行的动作。His father fell down while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.他爸爸骑自行车时摔倒了，弄伤了自己。(3)常用的时间状语： this mor
12、ning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten, last evening, when, while等。What were you doing at ten oclock last night? 你昨晚十点钟在做什么？ They were building a large house last week.上周他们一直在建造一所大房子。(某阶段一直在进行的动作)2.过去进行时的肯定句、否定句和疑问句I wasnt trying to annoy you. 我没想要让你烦恼。Were you working all week
13、end? 你整个周末都在工作吗？7. 现在完成时1结构： have/has动词的过去分词(过去分词变化规则基本与过去式变化相同。有些特殊变化动词需单独记忆)2用法(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与just, already, yet, recently, before, ever, never, twice, three times等时间状语连用。I have read the novel already. 我已经读过这部小说了。(现在我知道小说的内容了)(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与“since时间点或since从句(一般过去时)”，“for时
14、间段”及how long, (ever)since, ever, before, so far, in the last/past few years, up to now, till now等时间状语连用。Weve planted thousands of trees in the past few years. 在过去几年中，我们种了成千上万棵树。So far there has been no bad news. 到现在为止还没有什么坏消息。注意：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只强调在过去发生过某事或关注的是动作发生的时间、地点、方式等。而现在完成时则强调过去的动作对现在造成的
15、影响，因此，若不强调某事对现在的影响就不用现在完成时。I saw the movie yesterday. 昨天我看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的)I have already seen the film. 我已经看过这部电影了。(强调到现在为止看过这部电影了)(4)延续性动词在现在完成时中，如果有持续的时间状语，则要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。I have had the book for two days.这本书我已经买了两天了。(用had而不用bought)I have been in Tokyo for two weeks.我已经来东京两周了。(用been in而不用come to
16、)8. 过去完成时1结构： had动词的过去分词2用法(1)表示过去的某一时刻以前已经发生的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”。常以by, before短语或when，before, after, until等引导的从句作为前提。My teacher said she had never been to London. 我的老师说她从来没去过伦敦。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 当警察到达时，小偷们已经逃跑了。(2)表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。与现在完成时一样，过去完成时也常与 how lo
17、ng, for three days, before 等表示一段时间的状语连用。When Jack arrived, he learned Mary had been away for almost an hour. 当杰克到达时，他得知玛丽已经离开差不多一个小时了。二动词的语态语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者说动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说动作不是由主语而是由其他人完成的，则用被动语态。一 被动语态的构成(10)在使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch,
18、 notice, hear, feel等后面作宾语补足语的不定式，在主动结构中不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要还原to。Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进了这座楼。被动结构：A stranger was seen to walk into the building.二 被动语态的特殊用法1不知道动作的执行者是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in winter.2含有双宾语的句子，主动句中的间接宾语或者直接宾语都可变为被动语态中
19、的主语，另一个保留不变。变为主语的若是主动句中的直接宾语，间接宾语前则需加介词to或for。The pianist gave the pupils(间接宾语) some advice (直接宾语)The pupils were given some advice by the pianist.Some advice was given to the pupils by the pianist.3.主动形式表示被动之意 （1）主动形式表被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell, read, sound, taste 等。 e.g.The flower smells sw
20、eet. e.g.The watch looks good. （2）sell, wash, read, write, run 等动词带状语修饰时。e.g.This kind of clothes sells well. e.g.The pen writes smoothly动词的时态和语态跟踪练习再战初中考点-夯实基础一、单项选择1. （2018，浙江舟山）John _ so hard on his project that he didnt notice his mom enter the room.A. works B. has worked C. was working D. will
21、work2. （2018，湖北鄂州）-Alice, turn down the TV, please. I _ on the phone.-Oh, sorry.A. have talked B. am talking C. talked D. talk 3.（2018，河北）I _ an invitation to the concert. I cant wait to go. A. receive B. will receive C. was receivingD. have received4.（2018，上海）The debate on whether to keep pets _ fo
22、rty minutes yesterday afternoon.A. last B. lasted C. will last D. has lasted5. （2018，湖北黄石）More and more foreign students begin to learn Chinese, and many of them _Chinese better and better now.A. are spoken B. spoke C. has spoken D. are speaking6（2018，湖北黄石） If I _a two-week holiday next year, I will
23、 take part in a short study tour to Beijing University.A. took B. take C. will take D. are taking7. （2018，北京）-Paul, what were you doing at nine last night?-I _ a movie in the cinema with my friends.A. was watching B. watch C. have watched D. will watch8. （2018，宜昌）-_ you _ the Chinese Culture Festiva
24、l in the Central Square?-Yes. It was really a great success.A. Areattending B. Willattend C. Doattend D. Didattend9（2018，白银）She _ an English magazine when I came in.A. reads B. had read C. will read D. was reading10.（2018，泰州）Great changes have taken place in our hometown over the past years.Yeah. Th
25、ings _ different when we were young.A. have been B. are C. will be D. were高中考点牛刀小试-多维度感知考点差异一单项选择1.（2018北京）Chinas high-speed railways _ from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers in the past few years. A.are growingB.have grownC.will growD.had grown2.（2018北京）Susan had quit her well-paid job and _ as a voluntee
26、r in the neighborhood when I visited her last year. A.is workingB.was workingC.has workedD.had worked3.（2018北京）A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _ in the mountains for two days. A.are trappingB.have been trappedC.were trappingD.had been trapped4.（2018北京）Hi, Im Peter. Are you ne
27、w here? I havent seen you around?Hello, Peter. Im Bob. I just _ on Monday. A.startB.have startedC.startedD.had started5.（2018天津）My washing machine _this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. A.was repairedB.is repairedC.is being repairedD.has been repaired6.（2018江苏）I was sent to the village la
28、st month to see how the development plan _ in the past two years. A.had been carried outB.would be carried outC.is being carried outD.has been carried out二. 单句语法填空1 Did you enjoy the party?Yes，We_ _(treat) well by our hosts.2 In the last few years，China_ _(make) great achievements in environmental protection.3 Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.All right.I_ _(call) him later.4 Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she_ _(teach) a class at that time.5 Despite the previous rounds of talks，no agreement_ _(reach) so far by the two sides.