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1、非谓语动词的时态、语态动名词时态、语态的用法1.动名词的一般形式表示一般性动作 ,(即是不明确过去,现在或将来的动作 )或是与谓语动词同时发生的动作 We are interested in climbing mountains I prefer singing to dancing 2 如果强调动名词的完成时,要用完成形式I regret having taken her advice. He was praised for having passed the exam .3 当一个动名词逻辑上的主语是该动名词的承受者,这个动名词要用被动形式 He entered the room with
2、out being seen He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child 4 如果动名词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形式He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet .Tom regretted not having been invited to the party. 不定式时态、语态的用法1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般时态 He wanted to see you 2. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用进行时态When I came in ,h
3、e pretended to be reading a book He is said to be writing a novel 3. 强调 不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用不定式完成时He is said to have written a novel . Im so glad to have seen you .The ground is so wet ,It must have rained last night 不定式被动语态的用法.A, 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式的承受者时,用被动语态She asked to be sent to work in Tibet (宾语)The b
4、ook is said to have been translated into English ( 或叫合 It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here (主 语)B. 句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语,尽管不定式与被修饰词是被动关系,也还要用主动语态1, Give him some book to read Do you have any clothes to wash ?“Do you have any clothes to be washed?” asked the maid 2, S +be+easy difficult hard ple
5、asant interesting exciting comfortable +to doThis question is easy to answer The boy is difficult to teach 3, The house is to let The manager is to blame .The reason is not far to seek .4There be句型中,主动形式或被动形式均可但有时含意不同There is nothing to do now (we have nothing to do now )现在没事干There is nothing to be
6、done now (we can do nothing now )现在没什么办法There is nothing to see (nothing is worth seeing )没有东西值得看There is nothing to be seen 看不见有什么东西分词时态、语态的用法分词所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生。分词与其逻辑主语的关系时被动的,要用被动语态1.Looking out of the window, I can see many cars and buses.2.Seen from the top of Dragon Tower, Harbin looks more bea
7、utiful.3.The teacher came in, _many students.(follow)4.The teacher came in, _by many students.(follow)如果强调分词表示的动作正在进行时,要用分词的进行时态。1. Being repaired, the building is forbidden to enter.2. The house being built now is a Hope Project School.3. Passing by the accident scene, I saw the man badly hurt bein
8、g carried onto an ambulance. 如果强调分词表示的动作 发生在谓语动词之前,要用完成形式。Not having finished his homework ,Tom was made to stay at school .Having closed all the windows ,I went home Having been invited to the party ,Tom was very happy .Task: complete the following sentences1.“(你有衣服要洗吗)?the maid asked.2._(没有完成作业),T
9、om was forbidden to watch TV.3._(正在刷油漆), the house was not allowed to enter.4._(被邀请参加舞会), Mary felt excited.5.The difficult maths problem _(很难算出).6.She was angry for _(没有被邀请)to the ball.7.The thief stole into the store_(没人看到)8.The flat _(出租)9.The man who was on duty that day _(应受谴责)10.They were prou
10、d of _(被派往西藏去工作)11.When the teacher came in, Tom _(假装再看书)12.Ni Ping is said _(写了一本名叫“日子”的书) 13.Song Dandan is said _(在写一本叫“月子”的书)14._(从窗户往外看), I can see many tall buildings.15._(从山顶往下看), the city looks more beautiful.16._(他有很多活要干).Dont bother him.17._(他有很多活要干) and you can go ,too. 不定式的省略一省to 不定式的固定句
11、型1, had better (not) do you had better stay at home 2,would rather do .than do Id rather stay at home than go out 3, prefer to do .rather than do Id prefer to die rather than steal 4, cannot but do 不得不必然 He cannot but agree.5, cannot help but do .不得不Eg:I could not help but realize that I was wrong我这
12、才意识到我错了。6,do nothing but do .nothing to do but/except do 只能 ,只有Eg:I had nothing to do but wait there . 7,why (not )do . Why not ask your teacher for help ?8, 当主语部分有do ,则表语可省to Eg:What I want to do is run a school =His wish is to run a school 9,当两个或更多相同的不定式并列使用时,除第一个不定式带to 外其余的不加。She told the child t
13、o stay there and wait till she came back .注:如果两者有比较关系,那么每个不定式前都得加to To try and fail is better than not to try at all .二、不省“to”的情况(1)在used to be going to mean to ought to plan totry towould like to would love to hope to want to下列句子中,to 通常都得留 Eg:He doesnt get up early ,but he used to can you work out
14、this maths problem ? -Ill try to (2)在 be +adj (如:glad, happy, pleased, anxious, willing, ready)等此后保留toEg:-Would you like to join us in the game? - Id love to3.在ask, advise, allow, permit, persuade, tell, wish 等词的复合结构中to通常保留Eg:Do the experiment as your teacher tells you to4.不定式的否定形式后保留toEg:He wanted
15、to quiz school and I advised him not to注:to 后若是主动词have 或 be时,必须保留。Eg:-Sorry, I didnt finished doing my home work. -You ought to haveOur school is no longer what it used to beWh-+to do 结构 1 作主语When to start How to go there Where to go Who to do it has not been decided . 2 宾语。在discover ,find out ,know
16、 ,see ,show ,understand 等动词后,不直接用不定式作宾语,必须用wh-+to 结构 ,在下列词中也带这种结构, decide ,learn ,remember ,forget ,wonder I dont know when to start who to do it how to do it where to go whether to do it 3表语 The problem is when to start it who to do it how to go there where to go 4 状语。She was at a loss (as to )what
17、 to do 她不知如何是好5 同位语: I have no idea which one to take 我不知道该拿哪个注:why (not) do Task: complete the following sentences1._(什么时候动身)is still undecided.2.The problem is _(去哪)?3.I dont know _(选择哪一个)4.Do you understand _(如何操纵这台电脑)?5._(谁适合这项工作) is still unknown.6.I have no idea _(为什么不去北京)7. Youd better _(不要忘记
18、过去)8.I would rather starve to death _(也不去乞讨)9. _(我宁愿考试不及格)rather than cheat in the exam10. No one supported me at the meeting, so _(我只得放弃)11.What I want to do is _(帮你提高英语)12.I could do nothing in the world _(只能在词在等一小时)13.-Would you like to come to my birthday party? - -_(我很想去),but Im too busy.14. Ou
19、r school _(已不是以前的老样子了)15.My hometown _(还是以前的老样子)16.He attempted to quiz his job and _(我们都劝他不要)非谓语动词的复合结构一不定式的复合结构 for sb to do sth 1作主语: Its easy for us to remember a few new words 2作宾语: I find it impossible for Tom to pass the exam .3 作表语: This is for you to decide 4 定语: I have a lot of work for yo
20、u to do 5 状语: The box is too heavy for me to take二、分词的复合结构(词/代词(主格)+分词)在句中多用来作状语He fell to the ground ,nose bleeding He came into the room ,hair tied back . 三、动名词的复合结构(名词或代词的所有格+ doing)1 作主语: Marys coming late made her teacher angry Its no use your telling me not to worry 2 作宾语: Mother insisted on m
21、y brothers going to college Would you mind my opening the door? 注:在口语中,动名词前的代词可用宾格,名词也可不用所有格3 作表语:What is troubling us is their not having enough money With 结构With + 名词或代词(宾格)+ 名词(短语) + 不定式(短语) +现在分词(短语) +过去分词(短语) +介词短语 +形容词(短语) +副词(短语)He came into the room with Tom and Jane his classmates with a lo
22、t of work to do with his nose bleeding. with his hair tied at the back. with a pair of sun glasses on his nose. with his face red with cold with nothing on.Do you know the boy ?分词和不定式的独立成分分词或分词短语作独立成份(作状语或插入语)strictly speaking ,generally speaking ,frankly speaking ,judging by From, broadly speaking
23、talking of , considering , supposing Taking into consideration,Strictly speaking, this sentence is wrong .Judging by the facts , Tom told us the truth . The house cost him, roughly speaking, 200,000 dollars不定式或不定式短语作独立成份(状语或插入语)to tell (you )the truth, to be, honest, to be frank, to be exact,to be b
24、rief to begin with, to start with, to do him justice(说句对他公道的话)To tell you the truth, I do want to learn English well.To be frank, you have probably done wrong to her.To do him justice, he is quite fit for the job.Task: complete the following sentences1._(马丽迟到了)made her teacher quite angry.2._(时间允许),
25、 Ill go with you to the park.3. Its easy _(我们学好英语)4. I find it impossible_(汤姆按时完成作业).5.This is_(有你来告诉汤姆)6.I have many letters _(要珍妮来写)7.The box is too heavy_( 我抬不起来)8._(跟你说实话吧), I dont like English9._(严格地讲), this sentence is wrong.10._(说句对他公道的话), he is not to blame11._(考虑到他的能力),he did the work fairl
26、y well.12._(绿色信号灯给过后), cars and buses began to move.13.He climbed over the fence, _(手里拿着刀).14.He went to the post office _(要买几张邮票)15.He went out of the post office _(买了几张邮票)16.Tom came into the room, _(手被绑在背后)Task:change the following sentences into simple ones.1. Since I dont know her address, I ca
27、nt get in touch with her.2. We have come here in order that we can improve our English.3. They came into the room and they were singing and dancing.4. When she heard the news, she couldnt help laughing.5. After he closed the windows, he went home.6. When we had finished the work, we went out to play
28、.7. After the signals were given, cars and buses began to move.8. If the weather permits, well go out on an outing.Task:change the following sentences into simple ones.1. He got up early so that he could catch the early bus.2. That Sam came to school late made his teacher quite angry.3. Mother insisted that my brother should go to college.4. The stone is so heavy that I can not lift it.5. Tom is so old that he can certainly get married.6. You are not so old that you cant work.7.Though he had been told several times, he didnt understand me.8. Young as he is, he knows a lot.学科网(北京)股份有限公司