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1、阅读理解精练12阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。（一）The Potomac River and Chesapeake BayLong before there wasnt any Washington or any United States， there were trader Indians on the shores of the river that flows by the place where the present Washington D.C. stands. These Indians paddled canoes up and do
2、wn the river and traded with other Indians， swapping things they had for things they wanted beads for furs， bows for arrows， and corn for potatoes. In the Indian language the name for traders was Potomac， so now we call the river the Potomac River after these trader Indians. The Potomac separates tw
3、o statesMaryland and Virginia. They are named after two English queens Queen Mary and Queen Elizabeth I， who never married and was called the Virgin Queen. The Potomac Indians paddled their canoes down the river until they came to a much broader body of water. This body of water was so big that it s
4、eemed to them like the ocean， and they called it “the Mother of Water”， which in their own language was “Chesapeake”.Though Chesapeake Bay is not the ocean， it is the biggest bay in the United States.1. How did the Indians trade with each other？A. They traded beads for furs， bows for arrows， corn fo
5、r potatoes.B. They traded beads for furs， bows for guns， corn for tomatoes.C. They traded gold for furs， knives for arrows， corn for potatoes.D. They traded beads for furs， bows for meat， corn for potatoes.2. The article states that Virginia and Maryland were named _.A. after two Indian words B. aft
6、er two statesC. after two queens D. after two rivers3. The word Potomac is Indian for _.A. river B. the Mother of WaterC. Washington D. traders4. according to the article， which of the following statements is correct？A. The Potomac Indian traders could not be trusted.B. The Potomac River was created
7、 by the Indians.C. The Chesapeake Bay looked like an ocean to the Indians.D. The Potomac Indian traders traded only with the people living inWashington.5. Which body of water is the narrowest？A. The Mother of Waters. B. The Potomac River.C. Chesapeake Bay. D. The Atlantic Ocean.（二）In America， driver
8、s education is part of the regular high school curriculum. Every student in his or her second year of high school is required to take a class in drivers education. However， unlike other courses， it is not given during the regular school year. Instead it is a summer course.The course is divided up in
9、to two parts： class time for learning laws and regulations and driving time to practice driving. Class time is not unlike any other class. The students have a text from which they study the basic laws they must know to pass the written driving test that is given to anyone wanting to get a drivers li
10、cense. Driving time is a chance for the students to get behind the wheel（steering wheel） and practice starting steering， backing up， parking， lanes， turning corners， and all the other maneuvers操作 required to drive a car. Each student is required to drive a total of six hours. The students are divide
11、d up into groups of four. The students and the instructor go out driving for two hour blocks of time. Thus， each student gets half an hour driving time per outing. The instructor and “driver” sit in the front seats and the other three students sit in the back.Drivers Ed cars are unlike other cars in
12、 which they have two sets of brakes， one on the drivers side and one on the other side where the instructor sits. Thus， if the student driver should run into difficulties the instructor can take over. The car also has another special feature. On the top of the car is a sign that reads： STUDENT DRIVE
13、R. That lets nearby drivers know that they should use extra caution小心 because the student driver is a beginning driver， not very experienced and prone to driving slowly.After the student has passed the drivers education course and reached the appropriate age to drive（this age differs in every state
14、but in most cases the person must be 16 years old）， they can go to a designated state office to take their drivers test， which is made up of an eye examination， a written test， and a road test. The person must pass all three tests in order to be given a drivers license. If the person did well in his
15、 or her drivers education class， he or she will pass the test with flying colors and get a drivers license.1. In America， the drivers course mentioned above _.A. is considered as part of the advanced educationB. is given to anyone wanting to get a drivers licenseC. is carried on at the same time as
16、other coursesD. is offered to all the students of Grade 2 in high schools2. To prevent accidents， a drivers Ed car _.A. has a sign inside it B. has two sets of brakesC. is big enough to hold five persons D. cant run very fast3. We can infer that the students are required to _ in their whole driving
17、practice.A. go out driving for twelve times B. spend at least six hours drivingC. drive for two-hour blocks of time D. get half an hour driving4. Which of the following does NOT agree with the requirements for the students wanting to get their drivers license？A. They must be 16 years of age.B. They
18、should go to have their drivers test.C. They must have their eyes examined.D. They ought to do well in their drivers course.5. In the last sentence， “with flying colors” means _.A. happily B. successfullyC. colorfully D. quickly（三）The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids. They have s
19、tood for nearly 5，000 years， and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered along the banks of the Nile， some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Ben
20、t” pyramid.Some of the pyramids still look as much alike as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or， more often， for stone to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of E
21、gypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition， and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today， but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.The “Step” pyramid had to be on the west side of
22、 the Nile， the side on which the sun set. This was for spiritual reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile， however， as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nea
23、rest point. Water transport was， of course， much easier than land transport.The builders also had to find a rock base， which was not likely to crack under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally， it had to be near the capital， or better still， near the kings palace so that he could visit it easily
24、to personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.1. according to the passage， the “Step” pyramid _.A. is unlikely to fall into ruin in the near futureB. was built on the sands along the NileC. is one that was built later than the true pyramidsD. is the most famous
25、of the true pyramids2. The most important reason why some pyramids remain in good condition is that _.A. people have taken care of themB. it doesnt rain often in EgyptC. they were well designedD. the government has protected them from damage3. Most of the damage to the pyramids has been caused by _.
26、A. the regular floodsB. the dry climate of EgyptC. people searching for goldD. people in search of building materials4. The Egyptians built the pyramids along the banks of the Nile because _.A. they believed in their godB. it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the NileC. the river help
27、ed a lot in the transport of building materialsD. it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids（四）In 1605 some Englishmen planned to kill their king， James I， because they thought he was a bad man. They knew that on November 5th the King would go to the House of Lords上议院 to talk with h
28、is nobles.The men rented a building next to the House of Lords. They dug through a wall and put many barrels of gunpowder in a cellar of the House of Lords. They chose a man called Guy Fawkes to set fire to the gunpowder but something went wrong with their plan. One of the men had a relative who was
29、 coming to the House of Lords to meet the King. He warned his relative to stay at home. The relative spoke to other nobles and soon the King heard about the danger. Soldiers searched the cellars and found the gunpowder on November 4th， Guy Fawkes was caught and killed. Every year， on November 5th， E
30、nglish children remember Guy Fawkes. They collect old boxes， newspapers and rubbish so that they can make a big fire， which they call a bonfire. They put a pole in the middle of the fire and tie a “guy” to it. “The guy” is the figure of Guy Fawkes and is made of old clothes and paper. Sometimes they
31、 push their “guy” round the streets in a cart and ask for money so that they can buy fireworks. In the evening they light the bonfire and let off many fireworks： crackers， rockets， bangers and many other kinds. November 5th is an exciting day for children in England. It is always a busy day for fire
32、men and for hospitals. Sparks from the bonfires sometimes set fire to fences， trees or houses. Every year children are injured when fireworks exploded unexpectedly.1. Some Englishmen planned to kill their king because _.A. they thought highly of himB. they thought poorly of himC. they thought nothin
33、g of himD. they thought well of him2. Something went wrong with their plan because one of the men_.A. told the King about it B. told other nobles about itC. told his relative about it D. Guy Fawkes was killed3. How do English children remember Guy Fawkes every year？A. They make a bonfire. B. They ma
34、ke the figure of Guy.C. They let off fireworks. D. All above.4. The phrase “let off many fireworks” in the passage means _.A. allow the fireworks to leaveB. cause the fireworks to explodeC. keeps the fireworks off the bonfireD. put the fireworks into the bonfire5. November 5th is a busy day for fire
35、men because _.A. fireworks are in great needB. quite a few houses catch fire when fireworks explodeC. many children are injured by the unexpected explosion of rireworksD. both B and C参考答案与解析（一）文章介绍的是美国的Potomac River和Chesapeake Bay的地理特征。1. A。事实细节题。从beads for furs， bows for arrows， and corn for potato
36、es可知答案A正确。2. C。事实细节题。从They are named after two English queensQueen Mary and Queen Elizabeth可知答案C正确。3. D。事实细节题。从In the Indian language the name for traders was Potomac可知答案D正确。4. C。事實细节题。从This body of water was so big that it seemed to them like the ocean可知答案C正确。5. B。推理判断题。The Potomac Indians paddled
37、their canoes down the river until they came to a much broader body of water，其中canoe是独木舟的意思，Potomac River很窄，只容得下独木舟，而Chesapeake Bay却像大海一样大，A项指的也是Chesapeake Bay，由此可见Potomac River在四个选项当中是最窄的，即答案选B。（二）本文介绍的是在美国中学二年级的学生必修的驾驶课。1. D。细节题。根据地一段Every student in his or her second year of high school is require
38、d to take a class in drivers education可知答案为D。2. B。细节题。根据第4段Drivers Ed cars are unlike other cars in which they have two sets of brakes可知答案为B。3. A。推断题。根据第3段Each student is required to drive a total of six hours. The students are divided up into groups of four. The students and the instructor go out d
39、riving for two hour blocks of time. Thus， each student gets half an hour driving time per outing可推断答案为A。4. A。推断题。根据最后1段reached the appropriate age to drive（this age differs in old）可推知答案为A。5. B。推断题。根据文章最后1句If the person did well in his or her drivers education class， he or she will pass the test and
40、get a drivers license可推知答案为B。（三）本文说的是世界上最古老的石建筑金字塔，虽遭人为破坏但仍很牢固。以及the “Step” pyramid等金字塔建在尼罗河西边的原因和好处。1. A。推理判断题。根据第1段第2句中and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet 和第2段中 and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin可推断这些金字塔不可能在不久的将来变成废墟。故答案为A。2
41、. C。推理判断题。根据第2段and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today 可知金字塔被计划要持久的是因为他们的形状很难被毁，即其设计是合理的。故答案为C。3. D。推理判断题。根据第2段第2句Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or，
42、 more often， for stone to use in modern buildings.可知多數破坏是人为的，即是找财宝，更经常的是找石头用于现代建筑的人造成的。可推知多数破坏是寻找建筑材料的人造成的。故答案为D。4. C。推理判断题。根据第3段中as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point因为用来建金字塔的石头需要用船沿河运到最近的地点。可推知河在运输建筑材料方面起很大的作用。故答案为C。（四）文章主要讲的是英国人庆祝11月5日这一天的原因以及
43、如何庆祝的故事。1. B。事实细节题。从because they thought he was a bad man可知答案B正确（think poorly of somebody意为“认为某人不好”）。2. C。事实细节题。从He warned his relative to stay at home可知答案选C。3. D。事实细节题。从第3段可知A、B、C三项都正确，故答案选D。4. B。词汇猜测题。从let off的并列词light（燃放、点燃）和最后一句Every year children are injured when fireworks exploded unexpectedly 可知let off many fireworks意思为“放鞭炮”，故答案为B。5. B。事实细节题。从Sparks from the bonfires sometimes set fire to fences， trees or houses（篝火的火花可能会引起房子起火）可知消防人员会很忙，故答案B正确。