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1、非谓语作状语一、解题步骤：1、确定成分为状语2、根据答案，选择流程图中起点，即从状语从句的角度答题还是从非谓语的角度答题；3、按照流程图操作二、解题步骤流程图： 从句(连词,谓语) 状语 1. 动词不定式（目的状语，部分结果状语，原因状语等）非 谓 语 2.分词(其它状语) 1.v-句中语的主谓关系 2. 时间或态 分词做状语 主动 被动一般或进行 being done(进行) (not) doing done强调完成 having done having been done动 动词不定式做状语主动被动所表示的时间或状态To do To be done一般或将来To be doing /进行T
2、o have doneTo have been done表示动作发生在谓语动作之前To have been doing /表示动作发生在谓语动作之前并进行着备注：一、动词不定式与分词作结果状语的区别；1 动词不定式与句子无逗号分开；2 出现only,just时一定用动词不定式，逗号可有可无；3 动词不定式的语意通常表示“意料之外的结果”；4 分词作结果状语时，主语往往是前面一整句话的意思。eg: (1)European football is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B
3、. make C. made D. to make(2) He finally got to the station_ the train leave.A. finding B. to find C. having found D. found二、动词不定式作原因状语时可放在固定词组中记忆，这些词组中往往含有表示感情或性格，品质的形容词，如： be pleased to do , be clever to do 等。故操作表格时动词不定式主要做目的和结果状语。原因状语不做考虑。三、使用流程图解题：（使用流程图时要充分利用答案提供的信息）例一、 _ from the hill, and the
4、city is very beautiful.A. See B. Seeing C. Seen D. To see答案中出现了谓语A 和非谓语B、C、D，这就意味着要审题中是否缺谓语。这是一道学生特容易做错的陷阱题。答案A。例二、_ a gift for her mother, he saved every cent he earned. A To buy B. To be bought C. buying D. bought 答案出现动词不定式和分词，这就意味着首先要确定是什么状语，该题为目的状语，故用动词不定式。Buy 和 he 之间存在着主动的主谓关系，所以选A。例三、（1）_ the
5、cry for help, they rushed out of the house.A. hearing B. having heard C. Being heard D. having been heard（2）_ the homework, John was allowed to play football. A. finishing B. having finished C. being finished D. Having been finished第一题的答案中只出现分词，故只须考虑分词做状语就行了。hear和they之间存在主动的主谓关系，A和B 项都为主动的分词形式，再作时间或
6、状态分析。动作表示紧密连接的，前面的动作用doing的形式。 但第二题中，完成家庭作业是出去玩的条件，所以强调完成，故用having done 的形式例四、_ , I will not go outing. A. raining B. rained C. If it rained D. It raining 答案中出现状语从句和非谓语，先考虑从句(盯紧连词和谓语时态)，结果rained的时态用错了，应用rains; 再考虑分词，首先rain 和I 之间没有任何的主谓关系，所以前面所学的无法解决这个问题。但一个新的语法结构可解决此题独立主格结构。故选D。 独立主格结构名词/ 代词主格 + 1.分
7、词 2. 不定式 3. 介词短语 4. adj 5. adv.6. n.eg: (1). Miss Gao falling ill, Mr. Wang took her class instead.(n+ving) All things considered, her paper is of greater value than yours.(n+p.p) (2). The exam to be held tomorrow, I couldnt go to the cinema tonight.(n+todo) (3). The children came running towards us
8、, flowers in their hands.(n.+prep.phrase) (4). Tod looked at the million-pound note, his eyes(being) wide open.(n+adj)(5). Our lessons (being) over, we went to play football.(n.+adv.) (6). He fought against the robber, a stick his only weapon.(n.+n.)(7). It being Sunday , I didnt go to school. There
9、 being no buses , they walked to the theatre. (being的逻辑主语是人称代词或 there时,being不能省)4、独立成分,一直呈现-ing的形式Judging, speaking, supposing, talking of , considering, including ,eg: Generally speaking, girls are more careful.5、独立成分,一直呈现to-v形式:To tell you the true, to make a long story short , to be true（当然） , to
10、 be plain, to make matters worse. To be frank with you, to conclude(总之)， to start with, to be honest, not to mention, let alone, eg: To tell the truth, she is not honest in this matter.6.on/upon+doing/动作性名词 On his arriving/ arrival7、（1）If _ the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.A. giving
11、B. give C. given D. being given分析:If he is given the same treatment again, he is sure to get well.常用的连词：when/while/ where/if/ once/unless/though/although/even if / even though/as/ than (2) Before _ , you should stayed at the hotel.A. informed B. being informed C. is informed D. having informedBefore, after 是两个特殊的词；它们要么作连词连接一个完整的从句，要么作介词连接动名词或名词。所以该题答案为B。学科网（北京）股份有限公司