《非谓语动词基础版用法 学案 高考英语一轮复习.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《非谓语动词基础版用法 学案 高考英语一轮复习.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、非谓语专项 基础篇 温故知新简单句：有且只能有一个谓语考查知识点谓语 do时态语态非谓语 to do doing done 无时态语态非谓语（ 一个简单句中另一个动词 ） 能做谓语以外的其他成分 主语 宾语 表语 宾语补足语 定语 状语（ 根据不同成分 时态 语态形式含义 搭配 选用不同形式进行连接）温故知新一、用正确形式填空 简单句 谓语 非谓语谓语1.Alan _ to Joes house to talk about their topics. A.goB.goesC.going2.It _ apples and bananas. A.likeB.likesC.dont like成分 (
2、以宾语为例)3. Do your friends _maps? My friends _enjoy_maps.A. enjoys collecting B. enjoy collecting C. enjoy to collect 【答案】 B【详解】陈述句：My friends_maps. 又因为一般疑问用Do 所以时态 一般现在时 简单句 所以排除 A“My friends” 主语 “enjoy” 谓语 缺宾语 后面又接的是动词 一个简单句中只能有一个谓语enjoy 接 动词 ，动词需要用 非谓语形式作宾语 由已学搭配可知 enjoy doing 那么也就是 enjoy 后接非谓语 doi
3、ng 作宾语。变式：My friends enjoy _(collect) maps.“_” 处所缺成分_.“enjoy”是句子的_.A. 谓语 B.主语 C.宾语 D.表语 回顾课本必修一 第一单元 选择性必修三 五六单元 Making music is a job.1. 句子成分 主+谓主+谓+宾主+系+表主+谓+直宾+间宾主+谓+宾+宾补1._(母亲) Day is in May, too. （主语 ）2.My brother usually _(步行) to school. （谓语 ）3.These _(婴儿) are crying. Please take good care of
4、them. （主语 ）4.In the evening ，I l_a candle. （谓语 ）5._(打开) it and see, please. （谓语 ）巩固练习6The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is _ （lend sb.sth.）AS+V+OBS+V+IO+DOCS+V+DO+OCDS+V+P【答案】B【详解】考查句子结构。句意：“他借给我一本书”的句子结构是He是主语，lent是谓语，me是间接宾语，a book是直接宾语，因此句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。故选B。7Analyze the structure of t
5、he following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”ASV (主+谓)BSVO (主+谓+宾)CSVIO DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾)DSVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)【答案】D【详解】考查基本句型和句子成分。句意：分析以下句子的结构：“我们应该保持教室干净整洁。”分析句子可知，“We”作主语，“should keep”作谓语，“the classroom”作宾语，“clean and tidy”作宾语补足语，句子为“SVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)”结构。故选D项。8William Tyndale wrote
6、the Bible in English so all could read it.AadverbialBsubjectCpredicateDattribute【答案】B【详解】考查句子成分。句意：威廉廷代尔用英语写了圣经，以便所有人都能读到。A. adverbial状语；B. subject主语；C. predicate谓语；D. attribute定语。分析句子可知，so连接并列句，all是后一分句的主语。故选B。9The International Day of Families, which was set by the United Nations in 1993, is held
7、on 15 May every year.ApredicativeBobjectCpredicateDobject complement【答案】C【详解】考查句子成分。句意：联合国于1993年确定的国际家庭日每年5月15日举行。A.predicative表语；B. object宾语；C. predicate谓语；D. object complement宾语补足语。分析句子可知which was set by the United Nations in 1993是定语从句修饰主语The International Day of Families，句子是一般现在时的被动语态，划线词is held是
8、谓语动词，时间状语是on 15 May every year。故选C。10Today, American English is in common international use.AadverbialBobjectCpredicativeDpredicate【答案】C【详解】考查句子成分。句意：今天，美式英语在国际上普遍使用。A. adverbial状语；B. object宾语；C. predicative表语；D. predicate谓语。American English为句子主语，画线部分在句中作表语。故选C。11Many people grow their own tea garde
9、ns.AadverbialBobjectCsubjectDpredicate【答案】D【详解】考查句子成分。句意：很多人种他们自己的茶园。A.adverbial 状语。B.object宾语C.subject主语D.predicate谓语。本句是主谓宾的结构。主语是many people，grow是谓语动词，是主语发出的动作，宾语是gardens。故选D项。12Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.AsubjectBpredicateCattributeDappositive【答案】D【详解】考查句子结构。句意：我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们
10、很好。分析句子可知，our new teacher是对主语Mr. Smith身份的进一步说明和解释，与主语互为同位关系，因此在本句中充当同位语（appositive）。故选D项。13If you feel like you have problems that you cant solve, you will make yourself miserable.AadverbialBattributeCobjectDobject complement【答案】B【详解】考查句子成分。句意：如果你觉得自己有无法解决的问题，你会让自己痛苦的。A.adverbial 状语；B.attribute定语；C.
11、subject主语；D.object complement宾语补足语。分析句子可知，划线部分是定语从句，作定语修饰problems。故选B。2. 连词成句 成分排序6. tenth, is, the, October, month(.) (连词成句) The tenth month is October.7. back, go, school, to, Children, September, in(.) (连词成句) Children go back to school in September.8. enjoys , spring, the, Everyone(.) （连词成句） Ever
12、yone enjoy the spring.9. May, June, after, comes(.) (连词成句) June comes after June. 10. is, too, Fathers Day, June, in(.) (连词成句) Fathers Day is in June ,too.11.get, eggs, During, children, colourful, Easter(.) (连词成句) Children get colourful eggs during Easter.新知讲解非谓语定义：是在一个简单句中不充当谓语的动词，即动词的非谓语形式，包括：不定式
13、 to do ,动名词（-ing）,分词（-ing/done）Ps 能充当的成分 主语 宾语 表语 宾补 定语 状语问：那么 to do 动名词 分词 分别可以做哪些成分呢？分析：不定式既有名词的作用，又兼有形容词、副词的作用，能作除谓语之外的所有成分。分词只有形容词、副词作用 动名词只有名词的答：to do 可以做任何成分 动名词 doing 主语 宾语 表语 定语 分词 doing/done 定语 状语 宾语 表语 如下表：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补To do 动名词（doing）分词（doing/done） 由此可知 非谓语难点在于：1. 辨析句子 是否是简单句 2. 简单句是否需要非谓语
14、 3. 非谓语所做成分 4. 均可做同一成分不同形式的区别通过“温故知新”完成1.2；通过上表可以清楚分析出成分，完成3；那么，如何分析4呢？接下来我们来讲解不同形式做成分的用处并辨析；To do 主动被动一般式to do to be done进行式to be doing完成式to have done(主)to have been done(被)否定式not to.句法功能主语 （主要考形式主语）To see is to believe.It is .to do 宾语 （只能接to do 做宾语）Officials declined to give details动词+不定式He manage
15、d to escape from the fire.I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）Fail (未能)，afford，seek（寻找），claim,pretend ,seem/appear(似乎)，happen,tend,long(渴望),choose,guarantee（保证）,undertake（承诺干.）,bother(麻烦),intend/mean(打算)，desire（渴望）,manage（成功干了）动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。I dont know what to do next/
16、how to do it next.I cant decide when to go there.Why 开头时去掉to It 作形式宾语注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.Ps:介词后常常接动名词形式作宾语，但介词but/except后接不定式作宾语，且前有实义动词do时，不定式就要省略to。表语（解释说明）My wish/goal/aim/purpose/target/ambition is _to change_the w
17、orld.定语 （表将来）The issue _ is rather tricky.1.用来修饰被序数词、最高级或any，the only等限定的中心词时，常用不定式作定语。2.当被修饰词为特定名词时常用不定式作定语，常见的名词有decision，wish，chance，plan，time，effort，ability，attempt等。He has the ability to speak English fluently.他能流利地说英语。The ability to be clearly heard is extremely important for newsreaders.声音宏亮清
18、晰对新闻广播员来说极为重要。The ability_an idea is as important as the idea itself. A.expressingB.expressedC.to expressD.to be expressed状语 （表目的）He raised his voice so as _to make_himself heard.动词不定式作状语，其中的动词和主句的主语之间要形成主谓关系：1.目的状语动词不定式作目的状语常用的形式：to do，so as to，in order to等。Stop turning (your heads) round to look a
19、t people.别再(把头)扭过去看人。The Government set up a working party to look into the problem.政府成立了工作组调查那个问题。2.结果状语不定式作结果状语，多表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面加only ，以加强语气；还常用在too.to,enough.to,so.as to 等结构中。3.原因状语不定式作原因状语，一般位于表示心理活动或情绪的形容词后面，说明产生这种情绪的原因。这类形容词主要有：happy,excited,surprised,frightened,shocked,glad,delighted 等。宾语补足语To
20、ms father intends_lawyer. (intend sb to do)动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。He warned me to be careful.I want you to speak to Tom.注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：We consider Tom to
21、be one of the best students in our class.The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态） There +不定式。We didnt expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。(1)Ive never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.我从未想到墙上会有幅画。 (2)I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.我希望她有很多机会找到工作。
22、(3)There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。(4)There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.已经两天都没有水了，所有游客都非常渴。注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：We regard Tom as our best teacher. 我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。Mary took hi
23、m as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。（2）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to.They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree. Ps help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to. I often help him （to）
24、clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.Allow permit forbid prohibit instruct beg remind intend urge requestask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish,warn, expect, prefer, encourage要点提醒分析过程 （以宾语为例）1. 先确定简单句；(考查部分为简单句)2. 再看有无谓语；有谓语考查非谓语 没有谓语则是考查谓语 ；3.
25、确定考查非谓语后确定成分（以动词为界线观察）；4. 确定成分宾语之后 观察 表格能做宾语的非谓语 有 to do 动名词（-ing）两种；5. 区分动词后是用to do 还是 doing ；还是都可以 需要根据句意辨析6. 区分方法动词接doing 做宾语 ;动词接to do做宾语 即可 .由上可知，哪些动词接to do那么哪些动词接动名词呢？我们接下来看3. 动名词动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doingHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前否定式Not .1） 作主语Travelling in
26、 space by ordinary citizens will be common.形式主语It is a waste of time doing sth.It is no good /no use doing.It is no pleasure doing.用倒装句 There be 句型 动名词作主语There is no need doing sth.There is no sense in doing sth.There is no use in doing sth.There is nothing worse than doing sth.2） 作表语动名词作表语相当于名词，用于解
27、释主语的内容，表语和主语常常可以互换位置。My job is teaching English. Teaching English is my job.3） 作宾语 动词作谓语可以接宾语；介词后也可以接宾语只能接doing作宾语Consider,suggest,advise,excuse,admit,delay,put off,fancy,avoid,miss,keep,practise,deny,finish,enjoy,appreciate,forbid,imagine,risk,cant help,mind,allow,permit,escape.介词后接doing作宾语Get used
28、/accustomed to,lead to ,go back to,be devoted to,stick to,object to,get down to,pay attention to,cant stand ,give up,feel like,insist on,IT形式宾语 s+v+it+n/adj+doing sth（it作形式宾语）I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.He insisted on seeing us home.他坚持看我们的家。They all objected to putting the meetin
29、g off.所有的人对法对取消会议。S+have+n（difficulty/trouble/problem/a good time/a hard time/fun）+（in）+doing sth/with sthI have some difficulty (in) finishing my work in time. 在及时完成家庭作业方面我有困难。4） 作定语(表用途)a swimming pool = a pool for swimminga walking stick 拐杖 = a stick for walkinga sleeping bag 睡袋 = a sleeping bad既
30、能to do,又能接doing（区分根据上文句意 ）meanforgetrememberregrettrygo onstopcant help(1)Remember to turn off the lights before you go to bed.临睡前记着关灯。(2)I remember reading about the earthquake in the papers.我记得在报纸上看到过关于这次地震的消息。辨析 He knows nothing about it, so he cant help _ any of your work. A. doing B. to do C. b
31、eing doing D. to be done【陷阱】容易误选A，根据 cant help doing sth 这一结构推出。【分析】其实答案应选B。比较以下结构：cant help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事cant help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事不能帮助表示没做过，禁不住做了表示做过又如下面一题：She cant help _ the house because shes busy making a cake.A cleaning B. to clean C. cleaned D. being cleaned【答案】 B再请看以下试题：Whi
32、le shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they dont really need.A. to persuade B. persuading C. being persuaded D. be persuaded【答案】C【解析】句中的 cant help 意为“禁不住”（注意根据句意用被动形式）。分词分词 doing主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doingHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前否定式Not .分词 d
33、one被动 完成否定式Not .分词作定语（修饰名词或者代词 类比定语从句）前置定语后置定语 falling leaves 落叶（正在落下） developing countries发展中国家 fallen leaves 落叶（在地上的） developed countries 发达国家 boiled water 开水 the rising sun 上升的太阳 boiling water 沸水 the risen sun 升起的太阳doing干的being done在被的 done 被的注：having 不能作定语 (1)This is a problem discussed yesterda
34、y.这是一个已讨论过的问题。(2)This is a problem being discussed now.This is a problem which is being discussed now.这是一个正在被讨论的问题。(3)This is a problem to be discussed tomorrow.This is a problem which is to be discussed tomorrow.具有adj 性质的 -ing 令人 -ed 感到Surprised/surprising; terrifying/terrified; satisfied/satisfyin
35、g;annoyed/annoying; disgusted/disgusting; upset/upsetting;Interested/interesting; disappointed/disappointing;Ps 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽 不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人有关。The boy looked up with a pleased expression.那男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。He spoke with a frightened look.他说话时显得非常恐惧。分词作状语 分词 doing主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的
36、关系一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生完成式Having doingHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前否定式Not .分词 done被动 完成否定式Not .分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致.与主句有逻辑关系，相当于一个从句。分词作状语表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随或方式、目的等伴随The guest entered the office and were accompanied by the manager.The guest entered the office, accompanied by the manager.Seen from
37、the top of the hill，the park looks even more beautiful.从山顶上看，这个公园显得更加美丽。(see与主语the park之间存在动宾关系) 分词作状语，其逻辑主语与句子的主语必须一致To get an education, _.Aworking hard is very importantBworking hard is neededCone must work hardDit is needed to work hard【答案】C【解析】试题分析：考查非谓语动词用法。本题中使用了to get an education这个不定式的形式，说明
38、不定式的逻辑主语一定要是句子的主语，四个选项中只有C项的主语是人。句意：为了得到教育，人们必须努力。故C正确。考点：考查非谓语动词用法点评：本题重在理解非谓语动词的用法，非谓语动词是高考语法点的重中之重。把握好以下的知识：to do 表目的、将来；doing 表主动、伴随；done表被动、完成。同时答题步骤为：1.判断是否为非谓语动词，看是否有连词。2.找逻辑主语。3.判断逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系。4.看是否非谓语动词动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，如果是之前，就用完成式的形式。某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，此时这些过去分词表示一种状态。be seated seat oneself Be cr
39、ossed cross oneselfbe hidden hide oneselfbe lost in Lost oneselfbe dressed in dress oneself/sbbe exposed to 接触 expose sth tobe faced/confronted with 面对 face/confront sth 面对be addicted to上瘾 addict oneself to be devoted/committed to be devoted to The mother was away for a while，leaving the baby seated
40、 on the ground alone.Absorbed in his book，he didnt notice me enter the room.专心于读书，他没注意到我进入房间。宾补see/watch/observe/notice/hear/feel/find(发现)+sb/sthdo (全过程)ddoing 在being done 正在被ddone 被 make+sb/sthdo 让做done 让 被做letdo 让做be done 让 被做getto do 让做done 让被做doing 让开始.起havedo 让做done 让被做doing 让.一直. keepdoing 让.做
41、.done让.被Catch/spotdoing 撞见某人正在做.With复合结构with宾语注意：在with复合结构中用现在分词还是过去分词，取决于宾语与其后的成分之间的逻辑关系。(1)With the meeting over, all the people left the room.会议结束后，所有人都离开了房间。(2)With a lot of difficult problems to settle, I cannot go out with you.有很多工作要做，我不能和你一起出去了。(3)With so many people looking at me, I felt nervous.这么多人看着我，我感到很紧张。(4)With a lot of difficult problems settled, the manager felt very pleased.许多难题解决了，经理感到很满意。独立主格分词主语+ doing/done/ to do(要) /介/adv He being absent, nothing could be done.无被动情况1.系动词无被动感官类系动词：look, seem, appear, feel, sound, taste, smell变化类系动词：beco