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1、高考英语语法知识点讲解-动名词的用法动名词 一、动名词的形式一、动名词的形式1.肯定式2.否定式（1）not doingNot being punctual makes him unreliable.不准时使人觉得他不可靠。（2）not having doneIm surprised at your not having noticed.你竟未注意到我感到吃惊。（3）ones not doingJennys not having been trained as a dancer is her one regret.杰妮没受过舞蹈的专业训练是她感到遗憾的事。动名词 二、动名词的句法作用二、动名词
2、的句法作用1.作主语（1）动名词作主语时常用it作形式主语。It is a waste of time doing .做是浪费时间It is no good doing .做是没好处It is no use doing .做是没用处Its fun doing .做很有意思It is worth doing .值得做It doesnt matter doing .做没有关系It is no good talking.空谈是没有用的。Its fun working for him.为他工作很有意思。Its no use crying over spilt milk.牛奶打翻了哭也没有用。It is
3、 a waste of time doing such a thing.做这种事情是浪费时间。It is worth discussing the problem.讨论这个问题是值得的。It doesnt matter wasting a little money.浪费一点钱没有关系。【比较】It was nice meeting you.见到你真高兴！ （用于分别时）It is nice to meet you.（用于刚刚见面时）（2）“There is no doing sth.” 句式中作主语，意为“不可能，无法”Theres no denying the fact.这一事实不容否认。T
4、here is no getting over the difficulty.这困难无法克服。There is no knowing what he will do next.无法知道他下一步要干什么。There was no telling when she would be back.没法知道她什么时候回来。There is no saying how long the rain is going to last.说不准这场雨要下多久。There is no bearing such rude remarks.如此粗话，叫人根本无法忍受。2.作表语His favorite sport is
5、 swimming.他喜欢的运动是游泳。Her job was washing clothes.她的工作是洗衣服。【提示】 动名词作主语和表语时要用“平行结构”。Seeing is believing.=To see is to believe.眼见为实。Its easy saying than doing.=Its easy to say than to do.说易做难。3.作宾语（1）作及物动词的宾语只用动名词作宾语的动词：admit 承认advise 建议allow 允许appreciate 感激avoid 避免consider 考虑delay 耽误deny 否认endure 忍受 en
6、joy 喜欢 escape 逃脱prevent 阻止fancy 想象finish 完成forbid 禁止forgive 宽恕imagine 想象keep 继续mention 提及mind 介意miss 错过 permit 允许postpone 推迟practise 练习recommend 建议resist 抵抗risk 冒险 stand 忍受stop 停止 suggest 建议It was impossible to avoid being affected.要想不受影响是不可能的。Ive often considered studying abroad.我经常在想出国留学。She enjoy
7、s helping her parents with the housework.她喜欢帮她父母做家务。Can you imagine living without electricity？ 你能想象没有电的生活吗？（2）作短语动词的宾语add to 增加adapt oneself to 使适应adjusted .to 调整apply oneself to 致力于get used to 习惯 cant help 禁不住come close to 几乎 come to 谈到contribute to 有助于；促成 contribute to 有助于depend on 依靠 devote ones
8、elf to 献身于do well in 在方面做得好dream of 梦想feel like 打算 get down to开始give up 放弃 go in for 爱好，喜欢have an objection to 反对insist on 坚持lead to 导致 look forward to 盼望object to 反对 pay attention to 注意persist in 坚持prefer .to .比起更喜欢做put off 推迟 set about 开始stick to 坚持succeed in 成功The doctor told me to give up smokin
9、g.医生叫我戒烟。She burst out crying.她突然哭起来。They have put off leaving.他们已推迟动身。I insist on taking a proper trip我坚决主张进行一次合适的旅行。I dont feel like eating anything.我什么也不想吃。Im looking forward to seeing him.我盼望着见到他。（3）作介词宾语I am afraid of hurting her feelings.我怕伤害她的感情。This is an instrument for measuring speed.这是一种测
10、量速度用的仪器。They have been used to living in the small village.他们已经习惯住在这个小村子里了。How about going for a picnic？ 去野餐怎么样？（4）有些及物动词接不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同。attempt 试图begin 开始bother 麻烦cant bear不能忍受cease 停止continue 继续hate 憎恨intend 想要like 喜欢 love 喜欢prefer 宁可start 开始He likes to sing/singing.他喜欢唱歌。It has started to rain/ra
11、ining.开始下雨了。（5）有些动词接不定式或动名词意义不同。cant help to do 不能帮忙做某事cant help doing 禁不住做某事be afraid to do 不敢做某事 be afraid of doing 担心发生某事forget to do 忘记要去做某事forget doing 忘记做过某事go on to do 继续去做另外一件事情 go on doing 继续做同一件事情mean to do 打算要做某事mean doing 意味着remember to do 记住去做某事remember doing 记得做过某事regret to do 对要做的事遗憾r
12、egret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔stop to do 停止去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事try to do 努力、企图做某事 try doing 试验、试一试某种办法We stopped to have a rest.我们停下来休息了一会。（to have a rest目的状语）Dont stop trying once again.不要停止，再试一次。（trying .作stop的宾语）Im afraid to tell her.我不敢告诉她。（因为害怕“不敢告诉她”）He is afraid of being scolded.他担心受责备。（担心的是“会
13、受到责备”）4.作同位语This is my recreation，reading novels.这便是我的娱乐，看小说。His hobby，making model airplanes，is very interesting.他的嗜好是做模型飞机，非常有趣。5.作定语a dancing teacher 舞蹈教师a smoking room 吸烟室a walking stick 手杖a writing desk 写字台a swimming pool 游泳池drinking water 饮用水a bathing cap 浴帽a changing room 更衣室a waiting room 候诊
14、室an ironing board 烫衣板a hiding place 藏身处an operating table 手术台building materials 建筑材料a diving board 跳板a writing table 写字台reading materials 阅读材料a closing speech 闭幕词an opening speech 开幕词working hours 工作时间a dancing hall 舞厅【提示】 动名词作定语时表示被修饰的名（代）词的用途。a smoking room=a room for smoking 吸烟室drinking water=wat
15、er for drinking 饮用水动名词 三、动名词的时态和语态三、动名词的时态和语态1.动名词时态和语态的形式2.动名词的一般式（1）表示与谓语动作同时发生或在谓语动作之后。I was not aware of your being so lazy.我不知道你当时那么懒。There is no hope of his succeeding.他没有成功的希望。（2）表示发生在谓语动作之前。He was scolded for telling a lie.他因说谎而挨骂。I remember mailing the letter.我记得寄了那封信。3.动名词的完成式：表示发生在谓语动词之前的
16、动作或状态Are you not ashamed of having failed？ 你对你的失败不感觉可耻吗？He was accused of having stolen a watch.他被控偷表。4.动名词的被动式：表示动名词的逻辑主语与动名词为被动关系He didnt mind being left at home.把他留在家里他并不介意。It felt funny being called Grandmother.被人叫作祖母感到怪怪的。I dont mind having been described like this.我不在乎被描写成这样。5.特殊词汇的动名词用法（1）nee
17、d，want，require表示“需要”时，用doing表示被动意义，相当于to be done。He needs encouraging/to be encouraged.他需要鼓励。Your hair wants cutting/to be cut.你需要理发了。The front gate requires mending/to be mended.前门需要修理。（2）deserve表示“值得”时，用doing表示被动意义，相当于to be done。I dont think his article deserves reading/to be read.我认为他的文章不值一读。（3）w
18、orth表示“值得”，用doing表示被动意义。The film is worth seeing twice.这个片子值得看两遍。None of it is worth keeping.这东西一点儿也不值得保存。【提示】 worth接名词时，只能是表示钱数的词或者相当于代价的词。The car is worth $50，000/so much/the price.这辆车值五万美元/那么多/那个价。（4）worthy表示“值得做某事”，后接 of being done或to be done。This question is worthy of being discussed further.这问
19、题值得更进一步地讨论。this question is worthy to be discussed further.【提示】 “be worthy of+n.” 中接普通名词，但不能接表示钱数的词。The museum is worthy of a visit.这博物馆值得一看。动名词 四、动名词的复合结构四、动名词的复合结构1.形式（1）“形容词性物主代词”或“名词所有格”+doingHis coming late made the teacher angry.他迟到使老师生气了。Johns coming home added to their pleasure.约翰的归来增添了他们的快乐
20、。（2）“人称代词宾格”或“名词”+doingWould you mind me（my）opening the door？ 我打开窗户你介意吗？Please excuse the train being late.请原谅火车晚点。【提示】 动名词前的物主代词或名词所有格等就是动名词的逻辑主语。2.作用（1）作主语My sisters being ill made us worried.我妹妹病了使我很担忧。Your being right doesnt necessarily mean my being wrong.你正确未必就意味着我错了。【提示】 作主语时只能用“形容词性物主代词”或“名词
21、所有格”+doing形式。（2）作宾语Mother hates her children playing indoors.母亲讨厌孩子们在屋里玩。Do you remember mothers coming to see you？ 你记得母亲来看过你吗？【提示】 当动名词的逻辑主语是没有生命的东西时，通常不用物主代词或名词所有格。I look forward to weather getting warmer in spring.我盼望春天天气变暖。动名词 五、动名词句式五、动名词句式1.及物动词+sb.+for doing sth.blame sb.for doing .指责某人做某事cri
22、ticize sb.for doing .批评某人做某事excuse sb.for doing .原谅某人做某事 forgive sb.for doing .原谅某人做某事pardon sb.for doing .原谅某人做某事 praise sb.for doing .表扬某人做某事punish sb.for doing .惩罚某人做某事 scold sb.for doing .指责某人做某事thank sb.for doing .感谢某人做某事Who is to blame for setting the house on fire？ 纵火烧房一事应由谁来负责任？He was praise
23、d for helping a child.他帮了一个孩子而受表扬。2.及物动词+sb.+into （out of）doing sth.argue sb.into doing .说服某人做某事argue sb.out of doing .说服某人不做某事fool sb.into doing .哄骗某人干某事 fool sb.out of doing .哄骗某人不干某事frighten sb.into doing .恐吓某人干某事 frighten sb.out of doing .恐吓某人不干某事force sb.into doing .迫使某人做某事force sb.out of doing
24、 .迫使某人放弃做某事hurry sb.into doing .催促某人做某事hurry sb.out of doing .催促某人放弃某事peruade sb.into doing .说服某人做某事persuade sb.out of doing .说服某人不做某事scare sb.into doing .吓得某人做scare sb.out of doing .吓得某人不敢做talk sb.into doing .劝得某人做某事 talk sb.out of doing .劝得某人放弃做某事trick sb.into doing .哄骗某人干某事trick sb.out of doing .
25、哄骗某人不干某事cheat sb.into doing .欺骗某人干某事drag sb.into doing .使某人勉强做某事terrify sb.into doing .威胁某人做某事trap sb.into doing .诱骗某人干某事They tried to argue him into joining them.他们劝他参加他们的活动。They tried to argue him out of joining them.他们劝他不要参加他们的活动。3.动名词前省略介词in的句式be careful （in）doing sth.做某事时很小心be busy （in）doing st
26、h.忙于做某事be fortunate （in）doing sth.很幸运做某事be late（in）doing sth.做某事做晚了或做迟了have luck（in）doing sth.做某事时有运气（走运）have difficulty（in）doing sth.做某事有困难habe trouble （in）doing sth.做某事有困难have bother（in）doing sth.做某事费劲have a problem（in）doing sth.做某事有困难have a good time（in）doing sth.做某事很开心have a hard time（in）doing s
27、th.做某事很辛苦find diffuculty（in）doing sth.做某事发现有困难lose no time（in）doing sth.马上做某事spend money（time）（in）doing sth.花钱（时间）做某事waste money（time）（in）doing sth.浪费钱（时间）做某事There is no difficulty（in）doing sth.做某事没有困难There is no use（in）doing sth.做某事没有用There is no point（in）doing sth.做某事没有意义4.go doing sth.go bathing
28、去游泳go boating 去划船go camping 去野营go climbing 去爬山 go dancing 去跳舞go diving 去潜水go hiking 去远足 go fishing 去钓鱼go hunting 去打猎go jogging 去慢跑go running 去跑步go sailing 去航海go shooting 去射击 go shopping 去购物 go skating 去溜冰go swimming 去游泳 go walking 去散步【提示】 这种结构常表示从事运动、消遣或娱乐活动。5.do some doing sth.do some cleaning 打扫卫生
29、do some shopping 去购物do some practicing 练习do some reading 读书do some sewing 缝补衣服do some speaking 说话do some washing 洗衣服 do some writing 写点东西6.其他句式on/upon doing sth.一就 no+doing sth.不准干be on/upon/at the point of doing sth.快要how/what about doing sth.你认为如何？do a lot of/much doing sth.做得很多No smoking.禁止吸烟。The
30、 baby was on the point of crying when its mother came home.正当小孩快要哭的时候母亲回家了。How/What about going to France for our holidays？ 我们去法国度假如何？When I get to Rome，I want to do a lot of sightseeing.我到罗马后，要游览很多名胜古迹。【比较】I have trouble （in）getting the car started.这车我发动不起来。You neednt have taken the trouble to do it for me.你不必费心地为我做那事。学科网（北京）股份有限公司