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1、动词的时态 一、4种“时间”和4种“动作状态”的排列组合，就是时态。英语中共有16种时态，总结为下表：一般进行完成完成进行现在一般现在时（态）现在进行时（态）现在完成时（态）现在完成进行时（态）过去一般过去时（态）过去进行时（态）过去完成时（态）过去完成进行时（态）将来一般将来时（态）将来进行时（态）将来完成时（态）将来完成进行时（态）过去将来过去将来时（态）过去将来进行时（态）过去将来完成时（态）过去将来完成时（态）二、常见时态的构成，及和这种时态一起连用的时间状语（以study为例 ）时态构成时间状语一般现在时1、副词： always、often、never、sometimes、usual
2、ly 、regularly、occasionally2、短语： every day / week / month / year、once a week、hardly ever、 every ten minutes每十分钟、every other ten minutes每隔十分钟、now and then不时、from time to time 不时3、在由after，until，before，once，when，even if，in case，as long as，as soon as，the moment 以及 if，unless 等引导的时间状语从句或条件状语从句中，通常用一般现在时代替将
3、来时。例如： 1）I will tell him the news as soon as I see him. 2）I will not go to countryside if it rains tomorrow.肯定句：He/She/It/sb.doessth. 否定句：He/She/It/sb.doesntdosth.疑问句：Doeshe/she/it/sb.dosth.?肯定句：I/You/We/They/复数名词dosth.否定句：I/You/We/They/复数名词dontdosth.疑问句：DoI/You/We/They/复数名词dosth.?一般过去时1、副词：yesterda
4、y2、短语：lastweek/month/year/night、lastMonday、yesterdaymorning/afternoon/evening、lastMay、justnow=amomentago、twodaysago、thedaybeforeyesterday、theotherday前几天、in（已过去的）某年/月、on（已过去的）某天、at（已过去的）几点钟与某些从句连用句型：肯定句：sb.didsth.否定句：sb.didntdosth.疑问句：Didsb.dosth.?一般将来时1、副词：tomorrow2、短语：nextSunday/week/month/year、how
5、soon、in+时间段/(将来的)某年/月、 after+时间点、on(将来的)某天、inthefuture3、几种替代形式： 1）be going to +v在口语中用，表准备做或将发生。如：Im going to buy a house when weve saved enough money. 2）be to +v表计划安排要做的事，有“必要”的强制性。如：I am to play tennis this afternoon. 3）be about to +v表示即将发生的事情。例如： He was about to start. 4）be due to +v表示预先确定了的事， 必定发
6、生的事。如：The train is due to depart in ten minutes. 5）be on the point of +v-ing 强调即将发生。The baby was on the point of crying when her mother finally came home.过去将来时常用在间接引语（宾语从句）中现在进行时1、副词：now2、某些警示性动词如：look、listen过去进行时atthis/thattimeyesterday；at10:00lastnight；from7:00to8:00yesterdaymorning；when/while从句将来
7、进行时将来进行时主要表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时刻开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示礼貌的询问、请求等。例如： 1）This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema. 2）What will you be doing at six tomorrow evening?现在完成时1、副词： already、yet、just；ever、never、before；recently、lately；during, over；2、短语： how long、for + 一段时间、these five years、 by far、
8、so far、up to now、up to the present、since + 时间点、how many times、this week (morning, month, year)、in these / those days、次数HehaslivedinSydneysince1986. Theyhavearrivedheretwodaysbefore. 比较：Theyarrivedheretwodaysago.IhaveeverbeentoGuangzhoubutIhaveneverbeentoHK.Haveyoufoundoneyet? Annehasntlivedhereforfo
9、urmonths. Howlonghaveyouworkedasadoctor? I havent been there for five years. So far, she hasnt enjoyed the summer vacation. 3）There have been a lot of changes since 1978.3、完成时态可用在下列结构中： This (That, It) is (was) the first (second) time +定语从句；This (That, It) is (was) the only (last) + n +定语从句；This (Th
10、at, It) is (was) +形容词最高级+ n +定语从句。如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词通常用现在完成时；如果主句谓语动词是一般过去时，从句谓语动词通常用过去完成时。例如： This is one of the rarest questions that have ever been raised at such a meeting. There was a knock at the door. It was the second time someone had interrupted me that evening.过去完成时（态）bytheendoflast、b
11、efore/after从句、 byyesterday/lastMonday、 宾语从句（1）表示过去某时间前已经发生的动作或情况，这个过去的时间可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示；或者表示一个动作在另一个过去动作之前已经完成。例如： 1）We had just had our breakfast when Tom came in. 2）By the end of last year they had turned out 5, 000 bicycles. （2）动词expect, hope, mean, intend, plan, suppose, wish, want
12、, desire等用过去完成时，表示过去的希望、预期、意图或愿望等没有实现。例如： I had meant to take a good holiday this year, but I wasnt able to get away. 另外两种表示“过去想做而未做的事”的表达方式是： 1）was / were + to have done sth, 例如： We were to have come yesterday, but we couldnt. 2）intended (expected, hope, meant, planned, supposed, wished, wanted, de
13、sired) + to have done sth, 例如： I meant to have told you about it, but I forgot to do so. （3）过去完成时常用于以下固定句型： 1）hardly, scarcely, barely + 过去完成时+ when + 过去时。如：Hardly had I got on the bus when it started to move. 2）no sooner +过去完成时+ than +过去时。例如： No sooner had I gone out than he came to see me. 3）by (t
14、he end of ) +过去时间，主句中谓语动词用过去完成时。例如： The experiment had been finished by 4 oclock yesterday afternoon.We had learned 3000 English words by the end of last term.将来完成时（态）将来完成时表示在将来某一时刻将完成或在另一个未来的动作发生之前已经完成的动作；也可以用来表示一种猜测。常与将来完成时连用的时间状语有：by (the time / the end of ) + 表示将来时间的短语和句子；before (the end of ) +
15、表示将来时间的词语或句子；when, after等加上表示将来动作的句子等。例如： 1）By this time tomorrow you will have arrived in Shanghai. 2）I shall have finished this composition before 9 oclock. 3）When we get on the railway station, the train will probably have left. 现在完成进行时（态）现在完成进行时表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直延续到过去某一时刻。例如： I have been looking for my lost book for three days, but I still havent found it.学科网（北京）股份有限公司