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1、受限空间安全第1页，本讲稿共30页Confined Space StatisticsLeading cause of occupational fatalities in this countryThe Standard covers 240,000 workplaces and 12.2 million workersWorkers make 4.8 million entries/yearStandard may prevent 85%of fatalities and nearly 11,000 injuries第2页，本讲稿共30页Definition of a Confined Sp
2、ace(must meet all three criteria)Limited means for entry or exit(manholes,vaults,&pits)Large enough&so configured that an employee can bodily enter and perform assigned workNot designed for continuous occupancyTwo types Permit&Non-Permit Required Spaces第3页，本讲稿共30页Definition of Permit-RequiredConfine
3、d SpacesA confined space that has one or more of the following characteristics:Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmospherePotential for engulfmentInternal configuration that can trap or asphyxiate entrantAny other serious safety or health hazards(electrical,hot work,drowning.)第4页，本讲稿
4、共30页What is a Hazardous Atmosphere?An atmosphere that may expose employees to the risk of death,incapacitation,impairment of ability to self-rescue,or acute illness resulting from the following:Flammable gas,vapor or mist in excess of 10%of the LFLCombustible dust at a concentration that is or=LFLOx
5、ygen concentration 23.5%Any substance with concentration PELAny other atmospheric concentration that is IDLH第5页，本讲稿共30页Permit-Required Spaces on CampusElectrical vaults:electrical hazards,low oxygen,&/or asbestosSewer manholes:CO,low oxygen,&/or toxic gasesStorm drain manholes:CO,low oxygen,&/or tox
6、ic gases第6页，本讲稿共30页Permit-Required Spaces on Campus(cont)Pool Pit:lack of oxygen,toxic gases,&/or drowningSewer Tanks:toxic gases,low oxygen,drowning,&/or electrocution hazardsCommunication Vaults:low oxygen,asbestos,&/or electrical hazards第7页，本讲稿共30页Non-Permit Required SpacesSpaces that do not cont
7、ain or,with respect to atmospheric hazards,have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death or serious physical harm:Utility closetsBelow-grade trenchesStorage vaultsUtility subbasements第8页，本讲稿共30页Confined Spaces on CampusEH&S and PPM jointly determine which types of spaces or speci
8、fic spaces are defined as confined spacesAll confined spaces on campus will be considered“Permit Required”until pre-entry procedures determine otherwise.Only the Entry Supervisor is authorized to downgrade entry requirements.第9页，本讲稿共30页Confined Space Entry ProceduresSpace EvaluationAlternate Entry P
9、roceduresPermit-Required Entry Procedures第10页，本讲稿共30页Space EvaluationRefer to Flow Chart Entry Supervisor must evaluate&authorize an entryThis will determine if “Alternate Entry”or“Permit-Required”If the space is reclassified as an“Alternate Entry”then the following conditions mustmust exist:only ha
10、zard is the potential for a hazardous atmosphere;and potential hazard can be eliminated through continued forced air ventilation;andprevious¤t gas tests must show above two conditions are true第11页，本讲稿共30页第12页，本讲稿共30页Alternate Entry ProceduresProcedure that may be used to enter a confined space
11、 if the only hazard present in the space is atmospheric in nature and:The atmospheric hazard can be controlled by mechanical ventilation alone and;The permit space will not become immediately dangerous to life and health(IDLH)if the mechanical ventilation should fail.第13页，本讲稿共30页Alternate Entry Proc
12、edures(cont)Entry Supervisor ensures space has been properly classifiedUse guarding/cover/barrier to prevent falls(when removing cover)Lock out/tag out all hazardous energy sourcesComplete log Test for O2,flammable gases/vapors and potential toxic air contaminantsSet up ventilation(supply air taken
13、from clean source)The Entrant will evacuate the confined space if he/she becomes aware of an unrecognized hazard第14页，本讲稿共30页第15页，本讲稿共30页第16页，本讲稿共30页Permit Required Entry ProceduresEntry Supervisor,Entry Attendant and Entrant must participate Inspect and setup safety equipment Entry Supervisor establ
14、ishes specific rescue proceduresLock and tag out all hazardous sources of energyUse guarding If removing an entrance cover Sample and record air for hazardous contaminantsEntry Supervisor completes Permit prior to entry第17页，本讲稿共30页Permit Required Entry Procedures(cont)Attendant verifies acceptable e
15、ntry conditions Entrant wears retrieval equipment during entire operationAttendant continuously monitors atmosphere&records readings with the portable gas detectorImmediately evacuate space if safety equipment fails or space becomes or has potential to become immediately hazardousUpon completion,Ent
16、ry Supervisor completes permit and files第18页，本讲稿共30页Potential Confined Space HazardsEngulfmentOxygen deficiency(19.5%or less)Oxygen enrichment(23.5%or higher)Flammable gases or vaporsCombustible dustsToxic substancesIDLH atmospheresPhysical hazards第19页，本讲稿共30页Monitoring Confined Space Air QualityPri
17、or to entering any confined space,prepare the gas detectorConduct a“bump test”.Breathe into the gas detector probe and look for a decrease in oxygen concentration-should alarmSample air quality by slightly removing lid or through hole in lid before completely opening the spaceMonitor with probe slow
18、ly at different vertical heights Measure in the following order:Oxygen,LEL,H2S,CORecord results on the Confined Space Entry Permit Record Sheet第20页，本讲稿共30页Monitoring Confined Space Air Quality(cont.)The gas detector must be on during the ENTIRE entry operationWill be regularly inspected by the Atten
19、dant.Record gas readings at a minimum of one hour intervalsCease entry operations and remove entry personnel if the following concentrations are exceeded at any time:Oxygen reading less than 19.5%or greater than 22.5%Combustible gas reading greater than 9%LELH2S reading greater than 9 ppmCO reading
20、greater than 34 ppm第21页，本讲稿共30页Ventilating a Confined SpaceSet up one or more blowers to provide adequate ventilation for the space.Ventilation must be forced draft discharge of clean air into space(not exhaust of space)Ensure ventilation air supply is from clean sourceAllow enough time for blowers
21、to clear the space before entering.Ensure that the blowers remain on during the entire entry procedure.If the blower fails,the Entrant must leave the space immediatelyNote:this applies to both“Permit Required”and“Alternate Entry”procedures第22页，本讲稿共30页Types of Personal Protective EquipmentProtective
22、clothingWelding apron/sleevesRespiratorsGlovesSafety glasses第23页，本讲稿共30页Retrieval EquipmentRescue harness(chest or full body)Rescue tripodRope or cable(inspect for damage)第24页，本讲稿共30页Department ResponsibilitiesEH&SEstablish&update written program provide trainingreview records&provide consultationPP
23、M&Communication ServicesEnsure all involved employees receive training&follow procedures provide and maintain equipment maintain records第25页，本讲稿共30页Entry Supervisor ResponsibilitiesEnsure all persons involved in a confined space entry are properly trainedEvaluate and classify the confined space prio
24、r to entryComplete the Confined Space Entry Permit(if required)Ensure canceled permits are properly filed第26页，本讲稿共30页Entrant ResponsibilitiesCompleted Confined Space trainingMust stay in constant contact with the Attendant(I.e.sight,voice,or radio)during a Permit Required Confined Space entryUse the
25、 appropriate safety equipment as specified on the Entry Permit第27页，本讲稿共30页Entry Attendant ResponsibilitiesCompleted Confined Space TrainingObtain&install required safety equipment for Permit Required Confined Space entriesMonitor pedestrian barriers to protect entrant(s)from external hazardsMonitor
26、the atmosphere during the entire entry operationMust remain in position until relieved by another trained AttendantEnsure all lockout/tagout measures(if implemented)remain in placeResponsible for ordering an evacuation if a situation develops that could endanger the Entrant第28页，本讲稿共30页Rescuer Respon
27、sibilitiesUnderstand the hazards of the spaceAll rescues attempted by CSUN personnel will be Non-Entry Rescues(i.e.rescuer will not enter the space at any time during rescue)Retrieval equipment is required for all Permit Required vertical entries greater than 5 feetBe certified in emergency first ai
28、d and CPREntry Supervisor must determine how emergency personnel will be notifiedUnderstand appropriate entry proceduresKnow how to use rescue equipmentPractice confined space rescues at least annually第29页，本讲稿共30页TrainingAll Campus employees who participate in Permit Required or Alternate Entry Procedures including Entrance Supervisors,Attendants,and Entrants,must receive training in the requirements of this programAll Campus employees who are designated as rescue personnel must be trained in proper rescue techniques as well as CPR and First Aid第30页，本讲稿共30页