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1、初三年级 英语论说类文章阅读解题方法主讲人 江波北京市第八十中学北京市第八十中学 访谈结果访谈结果 1.大 多 数 同 学 认 为 阅 读 理 解 题 全 对，即 得 到 26 分的难度很大；2.普遍认为难度比较大的阅读理解篇目是Passage C和Passage D。访谈结果访谈结果 3.造成解答阅读题目困难的原因有：（1）文章太长，信息太多；（2）有些地方读不懂；（3）文章能读懂，但题目中的干扰项无法排除。义务教育英语课程标准（2011年版）1.能根据上下文和构词法推断，理解生词的含义。2.能理解段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系。3.能找出文章中的主题，理解故事的情节，预测故事 情节的发展和可能
2、的结局。4.能读懂相应水平的常见体裁的读物。5.能根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息。常见阅读理解问题类型常见阅读理解问题类型 细节理解题 细节推断题 猜测词义题 主旨大意题 观点意图题 论说类文章考查题型统计论说类文章考查题型统计 年份年份细节细节理解理解细节细节推断推断猜测猜测词义词义主旨主旨大意大意观点观点意图意图201712112201802122201904111主要内容主要内容 提问方式 命题特点 解题方法 案例分析 细节推断题的提问方式细节推断题的提问方式1.What can we learn from the passage？2.From the passage,we
3、 can learn that .细节推断题细节推断题 命题特点：常常针对原文中的某一个或几个具体的 信息进行提问。解题方法：根据关键表述查找并定位每个选项的出 处，将选项信息意义与原文信息意义进 行比较并完成推断。细节推断题细节推断题 20162016年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇51.According to the passage,right-handers .A.learn better visually(视觉上)B.are good organizersC.are better at single sportsD.give clear directions to othe
4、rs 定位出处定位出处 Right-handers are more talkative and outgoing than left-handers.Many right-handed people understand spoken words better.For example,after they listen to directions to a supermarket,they can find it easily.Right-handers are good at organizing people,too.They are also better basketball gua
5、rds.Just ask Yao Ming.Para.4 比较信息比较信息 Many right-handed people understand spoken words better.A.learn better visually(视觉上)B.are good organizersRight-handers are good at organizing people,too.They are also better basketball guards.Just ask Yao Ming.C.are better at single sportsD.give clear directions
6、 to othersFor example,after they listen to directions to a supermarket,they can find it easily.比较信息比较信息 判断正确判断正确选项选项 20162016年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇51.According to the passage,right-handers .A.learn better visually(视觉上)B.are good organizersC.are better at single sportsD.give clear directions to others
7、 54.From the passage we can learn that .A.students with iPads have less discussion in class B.students get more fun from learning with iPadsC.iPads help students save time waiting for busesD.iPads prevent students from cheating in exams 20152015年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 细节推断题细节推断题 54.From the passage we
8、 can learn that .A.students with iPads have less discussion in class B.students get more fun from learning with iPadsC.iPads help students save time waiting for busesD.iPads prevent students from cheating in exams 获取关键表述获取关键表述 54.From the passage we can learn that .A.students with iPads have less di
9、scussion in class B.students get more fun from learning with iPadsC.iPads help students save time waiting for busesD.iPads prevent students from cheating in exams 获取关键表述获取关键表述 获取关键表述获取关键表述 54.From the passage we can learn that .A.students with iPads have less discussion in class B.students get more
10、fun from learning with iPadsC.iPads help students save time waiting for busesD.iPads prevent students from cheating in exams 54.From the passage we can learn that .A.students with iPads have less discussion in class B.students get more fun from learning with iPadsC.iPads help students save time wait
11、ing for busesD.iPads prevent students from cheating in exams 获取关键表述获取关键表述 定位比较信息定位比较信息 A.students with iPads have less discussion in classPara.2Many teachers are supporters of using iPads in language learning.They say that students now have much more time for discussion in the classroom 定位比较信息定位比较信息
12、 B.students get more fun from learning with iPadsPara.4The students who are using the new tool in some courses are also happy.They believe that using iPads is a more enjoyable way to learn C.iPads help students save time waiting for busesPara.5 There are other advantages for studentsSome students sp
13、end more time studying now.“I can listen to my language materialon the bus,instead of having to wait until I get home,”定位比较信息定位比较信息 定位比较信息定位比较信息 D.iPads prevent students from cheating in examsPara.6Many adults complain that technologies are doing harmThey worry that students might use iPads to downl
14、oad teaching notes and use them to cheat during exams 54.From the passage we can learn that .A.students with iPads have less discussion in class B.students get more fun from learning with iPads C.iPads help students save time waiting for buses D.iPads prevent students from cheating in exams 20152015
15、年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 判断判断正确选项正确选项 猜测词义题的提问方式猜测词义题的提问方式1.The word“collapse”in Paragraph 5 probably means“”.2.What does the expression“at their own pace”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?命题特点：对文章中的某一个单词或者某一个短语 的意义进行提问。解题方法：关注文本特征，利用定义、例子、同义 词或反义词以及转折对比等上下文中的 线索进行猜测。猜测词义猜测词义题题 53.What does the expression“a
16、t their own pace”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.According to their own timetable.B.Without their teachers help.C.Because of their wonderful goals.D.Against their parents hope.20152015年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇猜测词义猜测词义题题 关注关注文本特征文本特征Title New Technology Revolutionizes(变革)Learning 利用例子利用例子 Topic sentence:T
17、he teachers also say that iPads allow students to learn at their own pace.1.Some students might listen to a dialogue only once and understand it,so they can save time for doing 2.Other students,however,might need to listen to the same dialogue again and again to understand it 判断正确选项判断正确选项 53.What do
18、es the expression“at their own pace”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A.According to their own timetable.B.Without their teachers help.C.Because of their wonderful goals.D.Against their parents hope.20152015年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 猜测词义猜测词义题题 30.The word“thrive”in Paragraph1 probably means“”.A.develop and g
19、row B.judge and warn C.mind and care D.fail and fear 20192019年朝阳区一模阅读年朝阳区一模阅读D D篇篇 定位出处定位出处 Para.1 Flowers bloom(开花)only if they are planted in rich soil(土壤).We are similarly influenced by our environment.When our environment is bad,we may get sick physically or mentally.When our environment is supp
20、ortive,we are more likely to thrive.利用类比利用类比 Para.1 Topic sentence：Flowers bloom(开花)only if they are planted in rich soil(土壤).We are similarly influenced by our environment.类比 When our environment is bad,When our environment is supportive,VSl we may get sick physically or mentally.l we are more like
21、ly to thrive.利用对比利用对比 判断正确选项判断正确选项 30.The word“thrive”in Paragraph 1 probably means“”.A.develop and grow B.judge and warn C.mind and care D.fail and fear 20192019年朝阳区一模阅读年朝阳区一模阅读D D篇篇 猜测词义猜测词义题题 28.The underlined words“wearing away”probably mean“”.A.building up B.taking off C.dying out D.turning on
22、20192019年海淀区一模阅读年海淀区一模阅读C C篇篇 定位出处定位出处 Para.4 Bones have special cells called osteoclasts(破骨细胞)whose job is to break down bone,even if it isnt broken,and send the minerals into the blood stream.This may sound frighteningly like your bones are wearing away,but your body knows what its doing.As osteoc
23、lasts break down bone,osteoblasts(成骨细胞)build up new bone to replace the old.By the end of each year,about 10 percent of your entire adult skeleton will have been rebuilt through this process.利用定义和对比利用定义和对比 osteoclasts(破骨细胞):break down boneosteoblasts(成骨细胞):build up new bone to replace the old 定义和对比
24、利用近义词利用近义词 Bones have special cells called osteoclasts whose job is to break down bone,even if it isnt broken,and send the minerals into the blood stream.This may sound frighteningly like your bones are wearing away近义词 猜测词义猜测词义题题 28.The underlined words“wearing away”probably mean“”.A.building up B.t
25、aking off C.dying out D.turning on 20192019年海淀区一模阅读年海淀区一模阅读C C篇篇 主旨大意主旨大意题题 l 段落主旨大意l 篇章主旨大意 主旨大意主旨大意题的提问方式题的提问方式1.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?2.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?3.What does the passage mainly talk about?主旨大意题主旨大意题 命题特点：对文章的某个或某几个段落的大意进行 提问；对整个篇章的主旨
26、大意进行提问。.解题方法：基于话题、结构、语义相互关联的三维 阅读法，解答主旨大意题应该明确观点、理清逻辑、精准分析。主旨大意题主旨大意题 55.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Peer Pressure:Is It Necessary to Deal with it?B.Peer Pressure:Is It Possible to Get Away from it?20172017年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇主旨大意题主旨大意题 C.Peer Pressure:Its Benef
27、its to Teens and Friend MakingD.Peer Pressure:Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 20172017年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇主旨大意题主旨大意题 明确话题明确话题 Peer pressure 理清逻辑理清逻辑 Peer pressure Definition Reason Influence Solution 判断正确选项判断正确选项 55.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?A.Peer Pr
28、essure:Is It Necessary to Deal with it?B.Peer Pressure:Is It Possible to Get Away from it?20172017年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 判断正确选项判断正确选项 C.Peer Pressure:Its Benefits to Teens and Friend MakingD.Peer Pressure:Its Influence on Teens and Decision Making 20172017年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 段落主旨大意题段落主旨大意题 50.What
29、is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Causes of being left handed.B.Encouragement to left-handers.C.Punishment for using the left hand.D.Changes in opinions on left-handers.20162016年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇 明确话题明确话题TitleAre You Right Handed or Left Handed?精准分析精准分析 Para.2 In the past,people thought it was strang
30、e to use the left hand.Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates.Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write.But these days parents and teachers have accepted that.In almost every school in the world,left-handed students can use their left hand to write.Par
31、a.2 In the past,people thought it was strange to use the left hand.Young students looked down upon their left-handed classmates.Some children were even punished for using their left hand to write.But these days parents and teachers have accepted that.In almost every school in the world,left-handed s
32、tudents can use their left hand to write.精准分析精准分析 理清逻辑理清逻辑 Topic:left-handers Structure:in the past looked down upon,were punished these days have accepted,in almost every school in the world 判断正确选项判断正确选项 50.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A.Causes of being left handed.B.Encouragement to left-hande
33、rs.C.Punishment for using the left hand.D.Changes in opinions on left-handers.20162016年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇 27.The second paragraph is mainly about .A.how the study was performed B.what was recorded in the study C.how long the study lasted D.who took part in the study 20182018年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇 段
34、落主旨大意题段落主旨大意题 明确话题明确话题Para.1 精准分析精准分析 Para.2 The study was performed among 253 schoolchildren in Spain.Lifelong exposure(接触)to green space in the living places was recorded Brain structure was studied using 3D magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).Working memory and inattentiveness (注意力不集中)were graded wit
35、h computers.理清逻辑理清逻辑 Topic:a study Structure:was performed was recordedwas studied were graded 判断正确选项判断正确选项 27.The second paragraph is mainly about .A.how the study was performed B.what was recorded in the study C.how long the study lasted D.who took part in the study 20182018年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇 5
36、2.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.What to do in a museum.B.When to visit a museum.C.Where to find a museum.D.How to enjoy a museum.20152015年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇 篇章主旨大意题篇章主旨大意题 明确话题明确话题 Para.1:Do you enjoy visiting a museum?Did you ever make a plan before a visit?Every museum must have some
37、thing that attracts you.And there are many possible ways to enjoy yourself in a museum.精准分析精准分析 Para.2:If you follow these steps below,youll know what is worth seeing and doing,so that you can make the most of your time at the museum.Step 1 Decide what museum you will visit.There are so many differe
38、nt kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like.Its easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit!精准分析精准分析 Step 2 Do some research online.Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it.On the website,you may look for such things as
39、:lThe exhibits(展品)lThe history of the museum l Activities l Cost,food and storage 精准分析精准分析 Step 3 Learn at least one thing on your visit.It is always good to take away something new from your visit.精准分析精准分析 Step 4 Plan breaks into your visit.When you walk around,standing here and studying exhibits t
40、here,you may become very tired.So it is important to take breaks.A break is a good opportunity for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum.精准分析精准分析 Step 5 Take a friend or two.Visiting museums is always a lot more fun when you are with someone else.You can
41、 talk over what youre seeing.A friend also brings another way of thinking when you talk about the exhibits.精准分析精准分析 理清逻辑理清逻辑 The writer tells us that many possible ways can help us enjoy the museum.The writer introduces five steps.Decide what museum to visit.Do some research online.Learn at least on
42、e thing.Plan breaks into your visit.Take a friend or two.Part 2 Part 2 Part 1 Part 1 判断正确选项判断正确选项 52.What does the passage mainly talk about?A.What to do in a museum.B.When to visit a museum.C.Where to find a museum.D.How to enjoy a museum.20152015年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读C C篇篇 观点意图题的提问方式观点意图题的提问方式1.What is
43、the writers main purpose in writing this passage?2.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .观点意图题的提问方式观点意图题的提问方式3.The writer probably agrees that .4.According to the passage,the writer believes that .观点观点意图题意图题 命题特点：推断作者写作意图；总结归纳作者观点。解题方法：立足语篇，联系上下文，重点理解段落 里的关键信息，分析句子与句子之
44、间、段落与段落之间的逻辑关系。观点观点意图题意图题 54.The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A.stress the great differences between themB.introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC.suggest good ways of going through boredomD.show effects of boredom on developing creativity 20162016年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇写作写作意图题意图题 54.
45、The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A.stress the great differences between themB.introduce a popular writer and a famous artistC.suggest good ways of going through boredomD.show effects of boredom on developing creativity Para.3&Para.4Para.3&Para.4写作写作意图题意图题 联系上文联系上文 Para.1 Children need time
46、to stand and stare.They should be allowed to get bored so that they can develop their ability to be creative.Opinion Para.2 Children are expected by their parents to be reading a textbook all the time.However,research shows that,while boredom can give them opportunities to develop creativity.Result联
47、系上文联系上文 解读关键信息解读关键信息 Para.3 Boredom is often linked with loneliness,but a writer named Meera Syal said boredom had helped her in developing her mind.Example Para.4 Grayson Perry,an artist,grew up in a family with little money.He enjoyed himself by making up stories,drawing pictures for his stories a
48、nd reading many books in the library.He became creative,because he could think freely.Example 解读关键信息解读关键信息 分析分析逻辑逻辑 Opinion Result Example 1 Example 2 判断正确选项判断正确选项 54.The writer talks about Syal and Perry to .A.stress the great differences between themB.introduce a popular writer and a famous artist
49、C.suggest good ways of going through boredomD.show effects of boredom on developing creativity 20162016年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 .30.The writer mentions the three questions in Paragraph 2 to show that .A.we learn our lessons when we experience painB.we are responsible for the problems we meetC.life fail
50、s us when we get into the wrong wayD.life is a long journey full of ups and downs 20182018年北京市中考阅读年北京市中考阅读D D篇篇 写作写作意图题意图题 联系上文联系上文 Para.1 We often reach a point in our life when we should be ready for change that will help us unlock our self-improvement power.However,theres always something staring