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1、八年级英语课堂笔记八年级英语课堂笔记 8A Unit 38A Unit 31.climb the hill 爬山climb(up)爬climb up the Great Wall爬长城climb into the bed 爬上床climb through the window从窗户爬出来climb over the wall翻越墙2.need to exercise and keep fit需要锻炼来保持健康 keep fit,keep healthy,stay healthy保持健康keep sb+adj:keep us healthykeep sb+doing:keep workers w
2、orkingneed 作名词时，构成短语 in need。作行为动词时有人称和数的变化，后接不定式或动名词；当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时，使用need doing 或 need to be done。作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。We should help people in need.He needs to study hard.A lot of homework needs finishing.A lot of homework needs to be finished.exercise n/vdo morning/eye exercises.做锻炼：do ex
3、ercise做练习：do exercises他每天锻炼。He does exercise every day./He exercises every e on(命令句)快，快点吧；走吧；跟我来；这边来吧Come on!Well be late for school.快点！我们上学要迟到了。4.Lets enjoy ourselves!enjoy oneselfhave a good time玩得高兴,过得愉快，反身代词与主语保持一致。反身代词与主语保持一致。Lets do sth,shall we 除此以外的祈使句,无论是肯定式还是否定式,附加疑问部分一律用will you.Dont be l
4、ate again,will youOpen the door,will youLet us go home,will you5.take a boat trip 乘船旅行，go past the Opera House经过悉尼歌剧院6.sit in a little coffee shop by the River Seine坐在塞纳河畔的一个小咖啡店里coffee house 咖啡店；茶馆，coffee shop 咖啡店by在旁边(比 near 近)Come and warm yourself by the fire.过来烤烤火。7.take care 保重；当心，小心take(good)
5、care oflook afterwell(好好)照顾look out 当心look out of 向外看be careful 小心be careful of/with珍视；注意Please be careful of your health.请注意你的健康。8.a beautiful building with a big garden and many trees介词短语 with a big garden and many trees作后置定语，修饰名词 a beautiful building。9.foreign country外国，a foreign language 一门外语10.
6、have a wonderful/great/good time 玩得高兴;过得愉快 have a wonderful/great/good time+doingdoing11.interesting placesplaces of interest有趣的地方；名胜(注意此处的注意此处的 interestinterest 无复数无复数)这里 interest 解释为“令人感兴趣的事或人”。interest 还表示“兴趣”，常用的短语有：show/have interest in sth对某事感兴趣，show/have interest in doing sth对做某事感兴趣Daniel sho
7、ws/has great interest in computers.Daniel shows/has great interest in making his own home page.12.invite me to join their school trip to the World Park邀请我参加她们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行invite sb to邀请某人去某地sb be invited to某人应邀去某地，Millie invited me to her birthday party.I was invited to Millies birthday party.invite
8、 sb to do sth 邀请某人做某事sb be invited to do sth某人应邀做某事，We should invite more people to take part in the charity show.More people should be invited to take part in the charity show.join 参加，加入某组织，如政党、社会团体等。join sb,join sb in sth 指和某人一起做某事。joinintake part in参加某活动，attend 出席。试比较：He joined the tennis club.Th
9、e man joined the army at the age of 19.He joined in the game.Did you take part in your school sports meeting Were going to plant trees.Will you join us He joined us in the game.13.at the beginning 开始；起初 at the beginningin the beginningat firstat the start 开始；起初 at last,finally,in the end后来；最后；终于，与上述
10、短语“开始，起初”意思相反。at the beginning of在之初(后接时间)at the end of在末尾，在的尽头(后接时间或地点)注意：没有注意：没有 in the beginning ofin the beginning of,in the end of,in the end offrom beginning to end 自始至终；从头到尾。注意：该短语不含定冠词注意：该短语不含定冠词 thethe。begin withstart with先做；以开始.Lets begin with Exercise 1.表示“启程”、机器的“启动”只能用start。Lets start a
11、t 6:00 a.m.tomorrow.Well begun is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。14.at the school gate 在学校大门口at 表示在较小的地方，如：at the theatre 在剧院，at the party 在聚会上，at the airport 在机场，at thebus stop 在公交站台，at the crossing,at the crossroads在十字路口15.get on a coach 上长途汽车 get on/get off上/下(车/船等)，.get on/get off the plane 上/下飞机16.a lot
12、 of trafficheavy trafficbusy traffic 交通拥挤，作主语时谓语动词用单数。17.one/it/that(those)的区别Your coat is very nice.I will buy _one_ _one_ tomorrow.The weather in Beijing is colder than_that_that_ in Changzhou.People in China are more friendly than_those_those_ in the UK.I only have one copy of newspaper,do you wa
13、nt_it_it_One 是指同类不同物，指代前面出现的单数名词，复数用ones；it 指同类同物；that 或 those 用于比较级中。试翻译：The pyramids look like the real ones.18.whole：the whole world=all the world the whole day=all day19.arrive at the World Park到达世界公园“到达”有三种表达，get to某地，arrive at小地方，arrive in大地方，reach某地。get to，arrive at/in 后接地点副词时不能用介词，常用的地点副词有he
14、re,there,home。如：get/arrive here/there/home到这里/到那里/到家。20.be made of metal 由金属制成be made of由制成，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料，物理变化。The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是木制的。be made from由制成，表示从成品上已经看不出原材料,化学变化。Wine is made of grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。be made up of由组成，由构成，指各个部分组成整体。Our class is made up of 54 students.我们班由 54 名学生组成。b
15、e made in在某地制造 NOKIA mobile phones are made in Beijing.21.not any more 再也不no more，no more,no longer用于 be 动词后、行为动词前not any moreno more再也不(表示程度、数量上的不再)not any longerno longer不再(表示时间上的不再延续).When the baby saw his mother,he did not cry any more.After having some bread,she was no longer hungry.more and mo
16、re越来越；越来越多more or less 几乎；差不多what is more 更有甚者；更为重要的是.Ive more or less finished reading the book.我差不多已经读完这本书。Youre wrong,and what is more you know it.你错了！而且你明明知道你错了！22.the song and dance shows歌舞巡游，join in the dancing 加入舞蹈行列23.on the Internet 在因特网上 on the computer 在电脑上，on the screen 在屏幕上，on TV 在电视上24
17、.teach himself how to make a home page自学制作网页teach oneselflearnby oneself 自学，疑问词带 to 的动词不定式。25.go and see for yourself亲自去看看 for oneself 亲自，by oneselfon ones ownalone 独自；单独Did she find it out for herselfYes.She did it all by herself.26.travel from one place to another从一个地方到另一地方旅行from one place to anot
18、her 相当于 from place to place类似的有：from one country to anotherfrom country to country。fromto another 中的 another 不能用 other 代替。fromto中的名词前不能用冠词a/an/the，名词不能用复数。from beginning to end 自始至终，from head to foot 从头到脚 from morning to night27.take a look at看一看have/take a look 看一看，只强调看的动作；have/take a look at看一看I t
19、ook a lot of photos in Shenzhen.May I have/take a look at themTake a look at the things(people used in the past).括号内的句子是定语从句。28.in the past 过去，at present 现在，in the future 将来；未来(注意介词 in/at 和冠词的搭配)29.walk slowly around the big lake and feel the beauty of the old park in the Summer palace在颐和园里环湖漫步，感受这座
20、古老公园的美丽beauty n.美；美丽.A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.美的事物永远令人喜爱。(语出约翰济慈 John Keats英国文坛巨星、着名诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名)美人；美丽的事物，She was a beauty in her day.around 围绕；环绕show sb around.带领某人参观某地The guide showed us around the Xuanwu Lake Park.The earth travels around the sun.30.Which city do you want to go to该句的疑问词
21、 which 作 go to 的宾语，不能使用 where。例如该句可以回答为 I want to go toParis/Washington/London.试比较：Where does he liveWhich flat does he live in31.travel by underground坐地铁by underground 乘坐地铁，by交通工具，是介词短语，此时by 后无介词。类似的有：bybus/train/plane/underground乘坐公共汽车/火车/飞机/地铁。表示“乘坐某交通工具去某地”通常有两种表达：go to sp bytake the to。例如：坐地铁去市
22、中心：go to the centre of the city by undergroundtake the underground to thecentre of the city。另外，“乘坐飞机去某地”有三种形式：go toby planetake the plane to flyto(飞往)32.learn more about old Beijing更多地了解老北京33.great fun 很有趣fun 名词娱乐，嬉戏.He is full of fun.他很有趣。有趣的人或事 We had a lot of fun at theparty.在聚会上我们玩得很高兴。It is fun
23、 to play cards.玩牌很有趣。(不加 a)for fun 闹着玩的，.I have said it just for fun.我是说着玩的。make fun of嘲弄.They made fun of him.34.go horse riding 去骑马，.You can go horse riding in Inner Mongolia.35.keep their secret to themselves保守着他们的这个秘密keep sth to oneself 不将某事说出去.She always keeps her ideas to herself.The problem o
24、f stress gets worse when people keep their worries to themselves.keep secrets for sb为某人保密，.Thank you so much for keeping the secret for me.keep secrets from sb对某人保密36.at the front of the bus 在公交车的前部at/in the front of在的前部in front of“在的前面”，主要指一物体在另一物体的前面，两者是分开的，反义词是 behind，“在的后面”；而at/in the front of 则
25、指一物体中有一部分位于前部，在某物的前面部分，即两者是包容的，the front 是某物的不可分割的组成部分；at/in the front of 的反义词是 at the back of在某物的后面部分；而 before 是“在的面前”。The introduction is always in/at the front of the book.序言总是置于卷首。She sat in/at the front of the bus to get a good view of the country.Many people took photos(在前面)the Leaning Tower o
26、f Pisa.The robber was taken(在面前)the policeman.37.in the final of the basketball competition在篮球赛决赛中in the first half of the在的上半场比赛中，in the second half of the在的下半场比赛中，in thefinal of the在的决赛中，half-time 中场休息，presentation of cup and medals颁发奖杯和奖牌仪式，gold medal 金牌，silver medal 银牌，bronze medal 铜牌。注意：赢得/获得金牌
27、：win a gold medal38.take place 发生；举行，不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态中。发生The dialogue took place at a tailors shop.Great changes have taken place in China since 1989.注意：happen 是“偶然发生”.What happened to him last night举行be held，.The wedding of Michael and Stella will take place next Sunday.take the place of取代/代替
28、，take ones place 取代/代替某人Here is a toy plane to take the place of the one you lost.My sister is ill,and Ive come to take her place.Now plastics(塑料)can take the place of steel in many ways in life.39.go back to my school回到我的学校 go back toreturn to 回到.Hong and Macao have returned to China.40.a fun place
29、 to visit动词不定式作后置定语，这里的fun 是形容词，意为“有趣的”。41.the plan for today当天的计划 plan n.计划 v.计划make a plan 制订计划，make a/the plan for制订的计划，plan to do sth 计划做某事.make a plan for the coming summer holiday42.change to the bus 换乘公共汽车changev.，“交换”，与复数宾语连用Can we change seatschange 名词，变化(可数名词).great changes巨变找给的零钱“Dont for
30、get your change!”said the cashier.43.take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum乘公共汽车直达故宫44.make it a really fun day for everyone使每个人度过真正有趣的一天45.let me know as soon as possible.let sb know as soon as possible尽快通知某人46.luck n.运气，常用于Good luck to sb.祝某人好运。Good luck with sth.某事好运。lucklucky adj.幸运的，.a l
31、ucky dog 幸运儿;luckyluckily 幸好,幸运地,幸运的是,常用于句首。Her handbag was stolen on her way back home.(luck),she hadnt put her keys in it.47.support v.&n.支持；养活.have a lot of support from sb得到某人的大力支持Mark has a big family to support.马克养活一大家人。with ones support 在某人的支持下supportsupporter 支持者；拥护者.Im a Yao Ming supporter.
32、我是姚明的球迷。48.instead adv.代替.Theres nothing at the cinema.Lets go to the Internet bar instead.instead of名词/代词/动名词/介词短语，代替.Can I come at 9:00 instead of 8:0049.real/true 词语辨析real 和 true 的主要含义不同，real 指确实存在、非相像的；true 表示与事实相符、真实、非杜撰的。.Was it real or was it a dream这是真实还是梦幻 Is the news true 这消息是真的吗a moviebas
33、ed on a true story取材于真实故事的电影50.movement n.运动；行进；走动.There was a sudden movement in the bushes.灌木丛里突然有什么东西动了一下。the womens/peace movement 妇女/和平运动51.ticket 票；券；入场券 a bus/theatre/plane ticket公共汽车票/戏票/机票，Tickets are available from Arts Centre at￥50.艺术中心有票，每张 50 元。a ticket for票,free tickets for the show演出的
34、免费入场券 a ticket office 售票处，a ticket machine自动售票机，a ticket collector 收票员52.win(在比赛、赛跑、战斗中)获胜,赢,后接宾语为比赛、赛跑、战斗等，不能接人作宾语反义词lose。winner 获胜者。beat(在比赛或竞争中)赢、打败(某人)，后接的宾语是人或团体。France won the World Cup in 1998,but lost in 2002.Congratulations!You win!He beat me at chess.Their recent wins have proved theyre st
35、ill the ones to beat.53.cheer vi.欢呼；喝彩；cheer for为欢呼cheerful 高兴的；兴高采烈的，Cheering crowds greeted their arrival.We all cheered for our football team as they came on the field.The crowd cheered the President when he drove slowly by.He felt cheerful and full of energy.他感到兴高采烈，浑身充满活力。cheers(用于祝酒)干杯，常用作 Che
36、ers!(英口)再见，如：Cheers then.See you later.54.wonder奇迹.Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders in the world.想知道，常用于 wonder if/whether,wonder wh-从句.I wonder if you can help me.Linda wonders where Simon is hiding.trip from Kittys school to the world took about two hours by coach.Sth takes sb some time
37、by.乘坐某交通工具需要时间。The journey from Taipei to Beijing takes three hours by plane.56.It was interesting to see models of so many places of interest from all over the world.It beadj.(for sb)to do sth.It 是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语，因为动词不定式短语往往太长，为了避免头重脚轻，因此使用这种句型。It is necessary for them to work hard from now on.57.T
38、he cost is about￥50 per person.每个人的费用大约是 50 元。cost 动词，表示“某物的价值为”用Sth cost sb some money.Tickets cost ten dollars each.每张票价为 10 美元。costthe money that you spend on something名词，“费用”。.the cost of the trip 旅行的费用，the cost of living生活费用58.反身代词的常见考法：help yourself/yourselves to sth 请随便吃点.make yourself/yourselves at home.say to oneself 自言自语think of oneself 考虑自己teach oneself sth 自学某东西teach oneself to do自学做某事teach oneself how to do 自学如何做某事learn(to do)sth by oneself 自学（做）某事by oneself=alone=on ones own 独自for oneself 亲自 hurt oneself 伤了某人自己