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1、1 12023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong临床医生如何看待真菌感染与定植2 22023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong2023/1/31内容提要内容提要 侵袭性曲霉感染误诊分析 念珠菌定植问题腹腔念珠菌感染诊治问题1233 32023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong真菌概述酵母菌属酵母菌属曲霉菌属曲霉菌属深深部部真真菌菌感感染染念珠菌属隐球菌属4 42023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong常常见见的侵的侵袭袭
2、性念珠菌感染部位性念珠菌感染部位5 52023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiongl 定植不是感染l 定植不是与感染没有一点关系定植定植感染感染污染:外来物质或能量的作用,导致生物体或环境产生不良效应的现象。定植:各种微生物经常从不同环境落到人体,并能在一定部位定居和不断生长、繁殖后代,这种现象通常称为“定植”。感染:是指细菌、病毒、真菌、寄生虫等病原体侵入人体所引起的局部组织和全身性炎症反应。6 62023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong侵侵袭袭性真菌病确性真菌病确诊诊(proven)诊诊断断标标准准正常
3、无菌部位并不包括所有与外界相通的器官,即呼吸道、泌尿生殖道、消化道等,因为上述器官是念珠菌属常见的定植部位。念珠菌病诊断与治疗:专家共识.中国感染与化疗杂志.2011;11(2):81-957 72023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong 念珠菌属于类酵母样菌,有酵母相和菌丝相p酵母相为芽生孢子,在无症状寄居及传播中起作用,不引起症状p菌丝相为芽生孢子伸长呈假菌丝,大量繁殖,侵袭组织能力加强,出现临床症状 需要注意的是,念珠菌中的光滑念珠菌不能产生假菌丝/菌丝,所以,临床不能因为“镜检念珠菌处于酵母相”就排除感染酵母相菌丝相念珠菌多为假菌丝念珠菌念珠
4、菌镜检镜检假菌假菌丝丝或菌或菌丝丝8 82023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong Colonization with Candida has been identified as an important risk factor with high predictive value for development of invasive disease(particularly with increasing numbers of colonized sites).念珠菌定植 侵袭性念珠菌感染定植菌争定植菌争议议的焦点的焦点Invasivecand
5、idiasisintheintensivecareunit.CritCareMed2006.34(3):857-863EggimannP,GarbinoJ,PittetDEpidemiologyofCandidaspeciesinfectionsincriticallyillnon-immunosuppressedpatientsLancetInfectDis,2003,3(11):685-702PK9 92023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiongp多部位多部位念珠菌定植是发生侵袭性念珠菌感染的独立危险因素独立危险因素。p念珠菌定植后导致侵袭性感染的
6、途径途径可能有:破坏胃肠道黏膜屏障入血;从中心静脉导管入血,从局部感染蔓延至全身。定植与感染的关系定植与感染的关系LipsettPASurgicalcriticalcare=fungalinfectionsinsurgicalpatientsCritCareMed,2006,34(9Suppl):S215-224约有5086的重症患者发生念珠菌定植,但临床有530发展成严重侵袭性念珠菌感染。10102023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongAlthoughcolonizationdoesnotdefineinfection,thesedatasupp
7、ortthewell-knownroleofCandida colonizationasakeyfactorinthedecisiontostartearlyantifungaltreatmentforICUpatients.Abedsidescoringsystem(“Candidascore”)forearlyantifungaltreatmentinnonneutropeniccriticallyillpatientswithCandidaColonization.CritCareMed2006.34(3):730-737.定植与感染的死亡率定植与感染的死亡率11112023/1/312
8、023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongS.S.Magilletal.DiagnosticMicrobiologyandInfectiousDisease55(2006)293301进展为IC的百分比uTheanatomicsiteofCandidacolonizationin182surgicalintensivecareunit(SICU)patientswhoparticipatedinarandomizedtrialoffluconazoletopreventcandidiasis.uAtotalof2851surveillancefungalcultures
9、collectedfrom5anatomicsiteswereanalyzed.uSurveillancefungalculturesofparticularanatomicsitesmayhelpdifferentiatepatientsathigherriskofdevelopingICfromthoseatlowrisk.P=0.02P=0.04P=0.0113.2%2.8%8.0%1.2%8.4%0.0%定植可定植可进进展展为为侵侵袭袭性念珠菌病性念珠菌病12122023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiongu 对于怀疑系统性念珠菌感染的患者,应
10、同时进行痰(或其他气道分泌物)、尿、胃液、粪(或直肠拭子)、口咽拭子5个部位的念珠菌定量培养。u口咽和直肠拭子念珠菌只要1cfu,胃液、尿105cfu/L,痰107cfu/L就认为念珠菌定植阳性。念珠菌定植指数念珠菌定植指数(CI)PittetD,MonodM,SuterPM,eta1Candidacolonization andsubsequentinfectionsincriticallyillsurgicalpatientsAnnSurg,1994,220(6):75175813132023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiongu口咽和直肠拭予念珠
11、菌102cfu,胃液、尿、痰108cfu/L才能判定念珠菌定植阳性,如CI0.5或CCI0.4就认为有侵袭性念珠菌感染的可能。校正念珠菌定植指数校正念珠菌定植指数(CCI)PiarrouxR,GrenouilletF,BalvayP,eta1Assessmentofpre-emptivetreatmenttopreventseverecandidiasisincriticallyillsurgicalpatientsCritCareMed,2004,32(12)12443244914142023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong念珠菌指数念珠菌指数(
12、CS)u将患者的危险系数相加,就得到该患者的CS。u研究结果显示,CS2.5时诊断侵袭性念珠菌感染的敏感性为81,特异性为74。CS=0.908肠外营养支持+0.997手术+1.112CCI+2.038严重脓毒症。LeanC,RuizSuntansS,SaavedraP,eta1Abedsidescoringsystem(”Candidascore”)forearlyantifungaltreatmentinnonneutropeniccriticallyi11patientswithCandidacolonizationCritCareMed,2006,34(3):7307371515202
13、3/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongpInadditiontomultifocalCandida speciescolonization,threeotherriskfactorswerefoundtobesignificantpredictorsofprovencandidalinfectioninthelogisticregressionmodel:Useoftotalparenteralnutrition;SurgeryonICUadmission;Clinicalmanifestationsofseveresepsis.ScoreScore1
14、 11 12 21 1Abedsidescoringsystem(“Candidascore”)forearlyantifungaltreatmentinnonneutropeniccriticallyillpatientswithCandidaColonization.CritCareMed2006.34(3):730-737.16162023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong We shall only need the presence of sepsis and any one of the three other remaining ris
15、k factors or the presence of all of them together except sepsis in order to consider starting antifungal treatment for one particular patient.Logistic regression modelAbedsidescoringsystem(“Candidascore”)forearlyantifungaltreatmentinnonneutropeniccriticallyillpatientswithCandidaColonization.CritCare
16、Med2006.34(3):730-737.17172023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong2008年亚太危重病论坛也指出,重症高危患者如同重症高危患者如同时时具有高度念珠菌具有高度念珠菌定植定植应应予以抗念珠菌治予以抗念珠菌治疗疗,同时亦应考虑局部区域的真菌流行病学资料。要正确看待要正确看待CI、CCI、CSHsuehPR,GraybillJR,PlayfordEG,eta1ConsensusstatementonthemanagementofinvasivecandidiasiainintensivecareunitsintheAsiaPaci
17、ficregionIntJAntimicrobAgents,2009,34(3):205209u使用定植指数推推测测侵袭性念珠菌感染诊断只是一种“可能性可能性”诊断。u对于可能发生侵袭性念珠菌感染的高危患者实施动态监测动态监测,一旦病情变化应及时给予抢抢先治先治疗疗,既要防止发生进一步的侵袭性念珠菌感染,降低病死率,又要避免不必要的抗真菌药物临床应用,以降低患者医疗费用和抗生素附加损害。18182023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XionguEggimann等更明确地为抢先治疗下定义,即对具有多个侵袭性念珠菌感染高危因素且CCl0.4的脓毒症患者早期给予
18、抗念珠菌治疗。定植菌定植菌抢抢先治先治疗疗的定的定义义u同时他认为实施抢先治疗可降低外科重症患者侵袭性念珠菌感染确诊病例的发生和降低病死率。EggimannP,GarbinoJ,PittetDEpidemiologyofCandidaspeciesinfectionincriticallyillnon-immunosuppressedpatientsLancetInfectDis,2003,3(11):68570219192023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong痰培养阳性的痰培养阳性的临临床意床意义义?u如果患者存在明显的高危因素,有肺部感染的临床
19、表现又不能用其他病原菌感染解释,血清真菌感染标志物(如G试验)阳性,此时痰培养念珠菌为唯一病原体且为反复培养阳性或为纯培养,可以作为针对念珠菌诊断性或经验性治疗的依据,至少提醒临床医生应提高警惕,特别是除肺外还有其他部位也分离到念珠菌时。u 怀疑念珠菌肺炎的患者在呼吸道标本检测的同时应做血液真菌培养,如血培养分离出念珠菌,且与呼吸道分泌物培养结果相一致,有助于念珠菌血症继发肺念珠菌病或肺炎合并念珠菌血症的诊断。20202023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong2023/1/31内容提要内容提要 侵袭性曲霉感染误诊分析 念珠菌定植问题腹腔念珠菌感染诊治
20、问题123 1 321212023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong吕新生,腹部外科2004年第17卷第3期腹腔感染腹腔感染定腹腔感染定义义22222023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong曹彬等.侵袭性念珠菌院内感染的流行病学调查.中华医学杂志2008;88(28)1970-1973念珠菌腹腔感染位居第二位念珠菌腹腔感染位居第二位23232023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong常常见见的腹腔念珠菌感染的腹腔念珠菌感染24242023/1/312023/1/31
21、 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong腹腔念珠菌感染的高危因素腹腔念珠菌感染的高危因素pImmunodeficiency.pProlongedexposuretoantibiotics.pUpperGItractperforations(OneshouldthereforealwaystakeintoaccountthepossibilityofCandidainvolvementinpatientsexperiencingtertiaryperitonitis).1.SottoA,LefrantJY,Fabbro-PerayP,etal.Evaluationofantimicro
22、bialtherapymanagementof120consecutivepatientswithsecondaryperitonitis.JAntimicrobChemother2002;50:569576.2.CharlesPE.MultifocalCandidaspeciescolonizationasatriggerforearlyantifungaltherapyincriticallyillpatients:whataboutotherriskfactorsforfungalinfection?CritCareMed2006;34:913914.25252023/1/312023/
23、1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongPhilippeMontraversetal.Candidaasariskfactorformortalityinperitonitis.CritCareMed.2006;34(3):646-52p一项多中心、回顾性对照研究,在教学及非教学医院的17个ICU进行其中确诊院内腹膜炎的患者中,腹水病原菌分离率以白念最多腹水中病原菌分离率(%)白念珠菌n=39肠杆菌科n=31肠球菌n=19厌氧菌n=11大肠杆菌n=15白念是腹腔感染的主要致病真菌白念是腹腔感染的主要致病真菌26262023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor Xiong
24、Doctor Xiongp胃肠道是念珠菌寄居的主要场所大量的念珠菌定植致病p在空腔脏器穿孔或肠壁手术时,念珠菌可渗漏到腹腔多数可被腹膜迅速清除在一些病人中会进行腹膜播种,可导致腹腔念珠菌感染,也可播散至血流和腹部之外的组织和器官ThierryCalandraetal.ClinicalTrialsofAntifungalProphylaxisamongPatientsUndergoingSurgery.CID.2004;39(4):S185-192腹腔侵腹腔侵袭袭性念珠菌感染的性念珠菌感染的发发生机制生机制27272023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xio
25、ng分离的念珠菌在腹腔感染中起致病作用争议p目前大量的研究显示念珠菌腹腔感染死亡率高达:27%77%强烈主张抗真菌的抢先治疗(经验治疗)ThierryCalandraetal.ClinicalTrialsofAntifungalProphylaxisamongPatientsUndergoingSurgery.CID.2004;39(4):S185-192对对腹腔念珠菌感染的看法腹腔念珠菌感染的看法腹腔分离的念珠菌是“无辜的牵涉者”28282023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong在271例ICU腹膜炎患者中,83例念珠菌腹膜炎患者DupontH,e
26、tal.ArchSurg.2002Dec;137(12):1341-6.死亡率死亡率(%)N=83N=188念珠菌腹膜炎非念珠菌腹膜炎11%念珠菌腹膜炎死亡率高念珠菌腹膜炎死亡率高29292023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong比利时的Ghent大学医院感染疾病中心的ICU,对1995.1-2002.12入住ICU的急性重症胰腺炎胰腺坏死感染的患者46例进行分析,分析真菌感染发生率JanJ.DeWaeleetal.CID2003;37(7):208-213胰腺真菌感染的真菌菌种分布:白念珠菌为主SAP真菌感染几乎全部真菌感染几乎全部为为念珠菌念珠菌
27、30302023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongSAP合并念珠菌感染与合并念珠菌感染与细细菌感染的不同菌感染的不同AmJGastroenterol.2009Aug;104(8):2065-70.p1992-2001,207例SAP患者p52例确认有细菌感染(IBI),其中30例(15%)合并真菌感染(IFI),7例原发,23例继发IFI57.7%IFI57.7%31312023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongAntibiotic40%100%Antibiotic40%100%TPN42%85%TPN42
28、%85%5%68%5%68%AmJGastroenterol.2011Jul;106(7):1188-92.SAP合并腹腔念珠菌感染:合并腹腔念珠菌感染:荟荟萃分析萃分析32322023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongpLocal treatmentDebridementornecrosectomyMinimizationofintraoperativehemorrhageMaximizationofpostoperativeremovalofretroperitonealdebrisandexudatespsystemic antifungal
29、treatment needs to be started early in the course of the disease.AmJGastroenterol.2011Jul;106(7):1188-92防治防治SAP合并腹腔念珠菌感染的措施合并腹腔念珠菌感染的措施33332023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong腹腔念珠菌脓肿腹腔腹腔脓肿脓肿p隔下脓肿原发性通过血流血流传播播所致继发性为腹腔内化脓性感染的并发症,其中最常见的为急性阑尾炎穿孔、胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔以及肝胆系统的急性炎症,占隔下脓肿的60%85%p盆腔脓肿p肠袢间脓肿34342023
30、/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong念珠菌腹腔感染中腹腔脓肿占:36.8%THIERRYCALANDRAetal.CLINICALSIGNIFICANCEOFCANDIDAISOLATEDFROMPERITONEUMINSURGICALPATIENTS.TheLancet.1989;December16.P1437-1440腹腔念珠菌腹腔念珠菌脓肿发脓肿发生率生率35352023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong体会体会1.诊诊断断问题问题p社区获得性腹腔感染重症型(严重病理生理指标紊乱、高龄、免疫抑制)与医
31、院获得性腹腔感染的病原菌可能为真菌。p继发性腹膜炎经常规外科处理后,腹腔感染症状缓解48h后复发 或腹腔感染症状持续存在时,病原菌可能为真菌感染。p高危腹腔感染此前应用过抗生素的病人,真菌感染的可能性更大。p腹腔感染部位取得的标本应足以代表临床感染。pG试验可以作为参考。36362023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong体会体会2.治治疗问题疗问题p如果腹腔脓液培养结果示念珠菌生长,对重度社区获得性或医院获得性感染病人推荐进行抗真菌治疗。p如果分离得到白念珠菌,推荐使用氟康唑。p对氟康唑耐药的念珠菌,推荐棘白菌素类抗菌药(如卡泊芬净、米卡芬净)。p危
32、重病人的初期治疗推荐棘白菌素,不推荐三唑类抗菌药。p由于两性霉素B不良反应较大,初期不推荐应用两性霉素B。p如果抗感染治疗47d后,病人仍有持续或复发的腹腔感染征 象,应进行CT或超声等影像学检查明确诊断,并行经验性抗真菌治疗。37372023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong2023/1/31内容提要内容提要 侵袭性曲霉感染误诊分析 念珠菌定植问题腹腔念珠菌感染诊治问题12338382023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongMeerssemanetal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases
33、2007;45:20516pCOPD合并呼吸衰竭入住ICU,接 受皮质激素治疗p胸片:两肺局灶性渗出、模糊、右 侧胸腔积液pBAL培养:流感嗜血杆菌(+)、霉菌(-)p血清GM(-)pBAL GM 2.6ng/mlp尸检:IPA例1.AECOPD呼吸衰竭患者39392023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongMeerssemanetal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2007;45:20516p肝移植受体者p胸片:右侧片状实变影,类似肺部感染pBAL:细菌、霉菌(-)p血清GM(-)p尸检:播散性曲霉例2.肝移植患者4040202
34、3/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongMeerssemanetal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2007;45:20516p急性粒细胞白血病骨髓移植后接受高 剂量抗排异治疗4月p胸片:右侧肺片状渗出、胸腔积液pCT:右侧肺局部实变影伴有空洞、有液平;第4、5肋骨破坏;左侧肺锲 型实变影p胸腔积液培养:烟曲霉例3.骨髓移植患者41412023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongMeerssemanetal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2007;45:20516p晚期
35、糖尿病肾移植2月p胸片及CT:两下肺斑片状阴影伴空 洞、右侧胸腔积液p血清GM 0.1ng/ml、pBAL GM 5.7ng/mlp经支气管活检:烟曲霉p死于三尖瓣心内膜炎(曲霉)例4.肾移植患者42422023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong这些病人如果没有活检或尸检的话,你会诊断侵袭性曲霉感染吗?43432023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongIPA 误诊的原因pThediagnosisofIPAinnon-neutropeniccriticallyillpatientsisdifficultsig
36、ns and symptoms are non-specific.pApositiveresultofacultureofarespiratoryspecimenorpositivefindingsofadirectmicroscopicexaminationonly one-half of patients with IPA.pThepredictivevalueofapositivecultureresultdependslargelyonwhether the patient is immunocompromised and ranges from 20%to 80%.1.Trofeta
37、l.IntensiveCareMed2007;33:16947032.HopeWW,WalshTJ,DenningDW.Laboratorydiagnosisofinvasiveaspergillosis.LancetInfectDis2005;5:60922.3.TarrandJJ,LichterfeldM,WarraichI,etal.Diagnosisofinvasiveseptatemoldinfections:acorrelationofmicrobiologicalcultureandhistologicorcytologicexamination.AmJClinPathol200
38、3;119:8548.44442023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongMeerssemanetal.ClinicalInfectiousDiseases2007;45:20516IPA的危险因素45452023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongGM 抗原的敏感性与特异性pCorrelateswithfungalburdeninanimalandclinicalstudiesSensitivityandspecificityLimitationsinnon-neutropenicpatients(SOT)D
39、etectedinCSF,bronchoalveolarlavage(BAL)fluidSensitivity(%)Specificity(%)HSCT8992Liver transplant55.6 93.9 98.5Lung transplant953046462023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongpSerologictestingtechniquesofgalactomannan(GM)holdpromiseforpatientswithhematologicmalignancy.pGMStudiesofneutropenicpatient
40、shaverevealedhighratesofsensitivity(67%100%)andspecificity(86%99%).pHowever,inaretrospectiveobservationalstudyofamedicalICUpopulation,serumGMwaselevatedinonly 53%of patients with IA.pDetectionofserumGMisprobablenotasensitivemarkerforIA(especiallyinnon-neutropenicpatients).Meerssemanetal.ClinicalInfe
41、ctiousDiseases2007;45:20516GMGM试验在试验在IPAIPA的价值的价值47472023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongpGMhastobestressedthattheavailabledatafrompatientswith(haematological)malignanciesandaftersolidorgantransplantationcannotbeextrapolatedtothecriticallyillpatientingeneral.pInthemeantime,duetolackofmorereli
42、able,non-invasivediagnostictests,the GM assay could be used as an additive tool in the diagnostic work-up of IPA.Trofetal.IntensiveCareMed2007;33:1694703GMGM试验可以作为试验可以作为IPAIPA的辅助诊断的辅助诊断48482023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongIPA高风险病人的诊治策略MoniqueASHMennink-Kersten,MoniqueASHMennink-Kersten,JPe
43、terDonnelly,andPaulEVerweijJPeterDonnelly,andPaulEVerweijTHELANCETInfectiousDiseasesTHELANCETInfectiousDiseasesVol4June2004Vol4June2004possiblepossibleprobableprobableprovenproven49492023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiongp38patientsprobable(n=28)proven(n=10).37%patients2riskfactorsforIA.pAllpro
44、bableIAwerediagnosedbyBAL.pProvenIAwasreachedbypositivehistopathologicandcultureresultsofsamplesautopsy(n=4)percutaneous(n=3)transbronchialbiopsy(n=3).A.Hidalgoetal./EuropeanJournalofRadiology71(2009)5560HRCTHRCT与与GMGM的相关性的相关性50502023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongHRCT 分类pAirwayinvasiveasper
45、gillosis气道侵袭性曲霉病Aspergillusbronchiolitis(“tree-in-bud”pattern)Aspergillusbronchopneumonia(air-spaceconsolidation)pangioinvasiveaspergillosis血管侵袭性曲霉病“halo”ofground-glass“air-crescentsign”1.LoganPM,PrimackSL,MillerRR,MullerNL.Invasiveaspergillosisoftheairways:radiographic,CT,andpathologicfindings.Radi
46、ology1994;193:3838.2.FranquetT,MullerNL,GimenezA,GuembeP,delaTorreJ,BagueS.Spectrumofpulmonaryaspergillosis:histologic,clinical,andradiologicsigns.Radiographics2001;21:82537.51512023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong气道侵袭性曲霉病A.Hidalgoetal./EuropeanJournalofRadiology71(2009)5560GM:0.70.9GM:0.61.0
47、52522023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong血管侵袭性曲霉病A.Hidalgoetal./EuropeanJournalofRadiology71(2009)5560GM:2.2GM:1.72.053532023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor XiongHRCT与 GM 在 IPA的相关性A.Hidalgoetal./EuropeanJournalofRadiology71(2009)55601.71.73.23.254542023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong
48、研究结论(1)pSerumGMlevelsmaybelowerinpatientswithairwayIAthaninthosewithanangioinvasiveform.(气道侵袭性曲霉病的血清GM水平比血管侵袭性曲霉病低)pHRCTfindingsofairwayIAareverysimilartothoseofothersinfectionsuchasviralinfection.(气道侵袭性曲霉病的HRCT影像学表现与其他感染,比如病毒感染非常近似)A.Hidalgoetal./EuropeanJournalofRadiology71(2009)556055552023/1/312
49、023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong研究结论(2)pAlowerorevennegativeGMresultdoesnoteffectivelyexcludeairwayinvasivefungaldisease.(GM水平低或阴性不能除外气道侵袭性曲霉病)pGiventheveryhighsensitivityofHRCTandthehighspecificityoftheserumGMinthesepatientswerebothcomplementarytestsinthediagnosisofIA.(HRCT的高敏感性和GM的高特异性对于IPA诊断具有辅助
50、作用)A.Hidalgoetal./EuropeanJournalofRadiology71(2009)556056562023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDoctor Xiong小结(1)p重视危险因素IPA的危险因素包括:结缔组织病、使用激素治疗、肝衰竭、CRRT治疗,与传统的危险因素明显不同。越来越多的证据表明,COPD已成为IPA最主要的危险因素,其次是自身免疫性疾病、实体器官移植、肝硬化。ICU患者气道分离出曲霉菌不论是定植或侵袭,都是不良预后的指标,和高死亡率相关,应予以重视。57572023/1/312023/1/31 Doctor XiongDocto