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1、festival.swf中考被动语态中考被动语态之一之一一、被动语态概述一、被动语态概述 英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示 主语是动作的对象。及物动词才有被动语态，汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。如：他们讲英语。They speak English.（主动语态）English is spoken by them.（被动语态）二、被动语态的构成二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分保持不变。各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成一般现在时被动：一般现在
2、时被动：一般过去时被动：一般过去时被动：一般将来时被动：一般将来时被动：主语主语+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词主语主语+was/were +过去分词过去分词主语主语+will +be+过去分词过去分词The flowers主(承受者)every day.are watered by herShe waters the flowers every day.主(执行者)谓 宾(承受者)主动语态被动语态宾语 谓语 主语 其他 主语主语be+P.P(过去分词)by+宾语宾语顺口溜：宾变主，主变宾，顺口溜：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟；谓语动短语后面跟；谓语动 词变被动，词变被动，be后后“过
3、分过分”来使用。来使用。探究探究 主动变被动的方法主动变被动的方法:抄下来They make shoes in that factory.主(执行者)谓 宾(承受者)一般现在时的被动语态：一般现在时的被动语态：主语主语+am/is/are +过去分词过去分词Shoes主语（承受者）主语（承受者）are made(by them)in that factory.主动语态：主动语态：被动语态：被动语态：He looked after the little baby yesterday.主谓谓(动介动介)宾(承受者)The little baby 主(承受者)was looked afterby h
4、im yesterday.主动语态：主动语态：被动语态：被动语态：2.They bought ten computers last term last term.一般过去时的被动语态：一般过去时的被动语态：主语主语+was/were+过去分词过去分词Ten computers were bought by themTom will clean the room tomorrow.主主谓谓宾宾(承受者承受者)The room will be cleanedby Tomtomorrow.一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+过去分词过去分词一般现在时被动：一般现在时
5、被动：一般过去时被动：一般过去时被动：一般将来时被动：一般将来时被动：主语主语+am/is/are+过去分词过去分词主语主语+will +be+过去分词过去分词主语主语+was/were +过去分词过去分词各种时态的被动语态构成各种时态的被动语态构成 被动语态的用法被动语态的用法 Football is played all over the world My bike was stolen我的自行车被盗了。我的自行车被盗了。一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。的执行者时。eg：二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。二、不
6、易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。eg：二、用所给动词的正确形式填空二、用所给动词的正确形式填空 1.Too much water_by him every day.(drink)2.Two apples _ by Tom just now.(eat)3.He _ a model plane by hand tomorrow.(make)4.-Did you go to the party last night?-No,I wasn,t _.(invite)一、用一、用be的正确形式填空的正确形式填空 1.Many trees _planted by us every year.2.10
7、00 trees _planted by us last year.3.A knife _ used to cut apples.4.The students _ asked to have breakfast.5.The rooms _cleaned later.观察观察:be动词有动词有_,_和和_的变化的变化.is drunkwere eaten are wereisare时态时态 人称人称 数数will makeinvitedwill be1.-Who cleans the house at your home?2.-Who cooks meals at your home?-My m
8、other cleans the house.-My mother cooks meals.当句子的主语是动作的当句子的主语是动作的执行者执行者时，谓语时，谓语的形式是的形式是主动语态主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的。当句子的主语是动作的承受者承受者时，谓语要用时，谓语要用被动语态被动语态。被动语态由。被动语态由助动词助动词be+过去分词过去分词构成，时态通过构成，时态通过be表现表现出来。出来。-The house is cleaned by my mother.-The meals are cooked by my mother.They will finish the work in te
9、n days.in ten days.一般将来时的被动语态：一般将来时的被动语态：主语主语+will+be+过去分词过去分词The work will be finished(by them)Summary巧记主动语态变被动语态顺口溜：巧记主动语态变被动语态顺口溜：主动变被动，划分句子成分主、谓、宾首先用，接着主动变被动，划分句子成分主、谓、宾首先用，接着判断时态巧布控，主动谓语变被动，判断时态巧布控，主动谓语变被动，be+be+过分来使用。过分来使用。宾语变主语，主语宾语变主语，主语byby宾语，谓语宾语，谓语be+be+过分随时记。过分随时记。情态动词变被动，情态情态动词变被动，情态+be
10、+be+过分。过分。双宾物作主，指人宾语前要带双宾物作主，指人宾语前要带forfor或或to.to.使役、感官动词后，宾补动词别忘加使役、感官动词后，宾补动词别忘加to to 用。用。其余部分不变化，抄下完整句子好说话。其余部分不变化，抄下完整句子好说话。一般现在时，一般现在时，is/am/are+is/am/are+过分来使用过分来使用；一般过去时一般过去时，was/were+was/were+过分来使用过分来使用；一般将来时一般将来时，will/will/shall+beshall+be+过分来使用过分来使用；情态动词被动语态，情态动词被动语态，can/could/must/should/
11、would/can/could/must/should/would/may+bemay+be+过分过分来使用来使用。主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况主动语态变为被动语态的特殊情况:一、一、使役动词使役动词和和感官动词感官动词在主动结构中，后面接不带在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改成被动句，则需把省略的的不定式，但如果改成被动句，则需把省略的to加上，加上，这类动词有：这类动词有：hear,see,watch,make,help,let等等。1)I heard him sing last night.He was heard to sing last night.2)The boss
12、 made them work 10 hours a day.They were made to work 10 hours a day.顺口溜：宾补动词真奇怪，顺口溜：宾补动词真奇怪，to在句中像妖怪。在句中像妖怪。主动句中主动句中to走开，被动句中走开，被动句中to回来。回来。The flowersWhat does she do every day?every day.are watered by herShe waters the flowers every day.主（执行者）谓 宾(承受者)后面能接宾语的动词后面能接宾语的动词才有被动语态才有被动语态及物动词及物动词二、含双宾语的二
13、、含双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态主动语态变为被动语态 1)Someone gave the boy an apple.(间接宾语间接宾语)(直接宾语直接宾语)An apple(物物)was given_ the boy.The boy（人）（人）was given an apple.类似的动词有类似的动词有:send、show、bring、teach等等 2)His father bought him a present.A present（物）（物）was bought _him.He（人）（人）was bought a present.类似的动词有：类似的动词有：make、cook、sin
14、g等等u 双宾物做主，指人宾语前要带双宾物做主，指人宾语前要带to或或for to for步骤三：Exercises（针对练习，变被动语态）（针对练习，变被动语态）1）They built the tall building last year.2)He took good care of his little brother yesterday.3)We cleaned our classroom just now.4)They used this room for resting.The tall building was built by them last year.His littl
15、e brother was taken good care of by him yesterday.Our classroom was cleaned by us just now.This room was used for resting by them.注：动词短语作谓语，变被动语态时，不能注：动词短语作谓语，变被动语态时，不能省掉短语中的介词或副词，如例省掉短语中的介词或副词，如例2).一一.系动词系动词 和和sell等动词用主动语态等动词用主动语态表被动表被动.1).read,sell,last,wash,write等带状语（well,easily)时。eg:Her book sel
16、ls well.2).系动词系动词feel,look,smell,sound,taste等等 与形容词连用时。与形容词连用时。eg：The cake tastes delicious.u不用被动语态的情况不用被动语态的情况 二二.不及物动词没有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态，eg：happen,take place,begin,become disappear,come out,rise等等 eg：The sun rises in the east.Amy can take good care of Lucy by Amy.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词的被动语态：S+can/may/must
17、/should+be+过去分词过去分词顺口溜：情态动词变被动，情态加be加“过分”Lucy can be taken good care of1.He can take care of the baby.The baby _ _ _ care of by him.2.You mustn,t turn off the lights.The lights _ _ _ _ by you.3.They shoud finish their homework on time.can be takenTheir homework should be finished by them on time.步骤三：步骤三：ExercisesExercises（针对练习，变被动语态）（针对练习，变被动语态）（针对练习，变被动语态）（针对练习，变被动语态）mustn,t be turned off