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1、1UnitUnit 5 5 FirstFirst AidAid李仕才 一、阅读理解。The English language has an interesting way of classifying words.You might find that a noun acts like an adjective.You know that an adjective modifies(修饰),describing a quality of a noun.For example,you drink a cup of hot tea.The adjective is hot and the noun
2、 is tea.What about lemon tea?Lemon is a noun,isnt it?Why is it modifying tea?English often uses nouns as adjectives to modify other nouns.For example,a car that people drive in races is a race car.A car with extra power or speed is a sports car.Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nou
3、ns.Did you notice something unusual about the expressions with the noun car?A car used to race other cars is a race car.Both nouns are singular.A car that has power and speed is a sports car.Why is the first noun,sports,plural?A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase b
4、ack in 1914.Cars were a new thing then.There is no rule about whether the attributive noun is singular or plural.Most of the time it is singular.But if the combination of nouns includes a plural noun,it usually stays that way.The result is phrases like ladies room,not lady room,for a room meant for
5、women and girls,and bean soup but not beans soup for a soup made of beans.Some grammar experts think that English speakers are using more plural nouns in this way.When writing these attributive nouns in English,learners sometimes wonder about whether to use an apostrophe(撇号)to show possession.Is it
6、a ladies room?No,it is a ladies room.Attributive nouns do not need the apostrophe.So we write Veterans(老兵)Day in American English and not Veterans Day or Veterans Day.That means the day is in honor of military veterans,not owned by veterans.1.Whats the topic of this text?A.The function of nouns.B.Sp
7、ecial kinds of adjective.2C.A special use of nouns.D.The use of adjectives.2.Adjectival nouns can be used to describe_.A.adjectivesB.sentencesC.phrasesD.other nouns3.Why is the plural form “sports” is used to describe a noun?A.It is a traditional usage.B.It is a rule of grammar.C.It is a grammar mis
8、take.D.It is a form of stress.4.Which of the following is a correct English expression?A.Ladies room.B.Veterans Day.C.Veterans Day.D.Veterans Day.参考答案： 1.C; 2.D; 3.A; 4.D解析： 1.主旨大意题。本文谈论名词的一种特殊用法:作定语。由第一段得出。 2.细节理解题。形容词性名词用来修饰其他名词。由第二段最后一句 Nouns that modify other nouns are called adjectival nouns 得出
9、。 3.推理判断题。复数名词 sports 作定语是一种传统用法。由第三段倒数第二句 A search of the Internet shows us that people started using this phrase back in 1914 得 出。 4.细节理解题。Veterans Day“美国退伍军人节”,两个名词之间不是所属关系,不能用撇 号。由最后一段得出。 二、单句语法填空1It is vital that these forms _ (send) back as early as possible.答案：(should) be sent It is vital tha
10、t . “是十分重要的” 。其中 that从句谓语动词应用“should动词原形” ，should 可以省略。2_ the aid of our professor, we finished the experiment successfully.答案：With with the aid/help of . “在的帮助下” 。33Youd better put things back _ place. Otherwise, it will be difficult to find them.答案：in in place “在适当的位置” 。4We _ (watch) TV when there
11、 was a power failure.答案：were watching be doing . when . “正在做这时” ，再由“there was .”可知应用过去进行时，故填 were watching。5The new technology, if _ (apply) to rice growing, will help increase the grain output.答案：applied 从句为状语从句的省略形式。The new technology 与 apply 之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应填过去分词作状语。6Men and women should _ (treat)
12、equally in education and employment.答案：be treated treat 和 Men and women 在逻辑上存在动宾关系，应用被动语态。7His head had struck the wall and _ (bleed)答案：was bleeding 此处表示头部正在流血，前一分句用了过去完成时，故此处应用过去进行时，表示过去某时正在持续的状态。8Everyone arrived late at the party for _ (variety) reasons.答案：various 修饰名词 reasons 应用形容词，表示“各种各样的” ，故填
13、various。9Television violence _ (poison) the minds of young people.答案：is poisoning 表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作，应用现在进行时。10Dozens of people got _ (injury) and many vehicles were set on fire.答案：injured get injured “受伤” 。三、完形填空。 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项。When I was young，I thought that kindness
14、was a beneficial thing.I _1_ that I could just give what I thought others _2_ and I would get a one way ticket to Happyville (快乐小镇). This thought process was _3_ changed when I suffered from clinical depression. _4_ became obvious that what I needed，as everyone did，was just the _5_ to love oneself.
15、Apart from that，I had to 4learn how to make deeper and more meaningful connections _6_ people.My struggle with mental health was something that _7_ into a campaign to let every single person know that they _8_ and couldnt be replaced.At high school，it could be _9_ to convey this idea，but I _10_ purs
16、ued my passions (激情). The _11_ of my effort were the habits and traditions I had created to help _12_：Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _13_ them to those who seemed to need a pickmeup.I tried to _14_ as many names as I possibly could.I had started a club which gave students a _
17、15_ place to express themselves and learn _16_ to apply empathy(同感，共鸣) in their everyday lives. On my personal social media account, I posted weekly _17_ to inspire both myself and my friends.When I go off the college this year，Ill be working towards a degree in college.This will help me start a non
18、profit foundation in the future.My _18_ goal is to prove that the world is not a collection of _19_ problems，but something that can be changed by even the _20_ actions.1A.wondered BfiguredCdoubted Dpredicted2A.wanted BignoredClost Dordered3A.unfortunately BtotallyCregularly Daccurately4A.It BTheyCHe
19、 DThis5A.ability BdesireCbelief Dreason6A.for BwithCfrom Dabout7A.fell BdividedCbroke Dturned8A.mattered BexistedCsurvived Dsucceeded9A.difficult BfunnyCdifferent Dperfect10A.casually Bbriefly5Cfirmly Dsurely11A.difficulty BpurposeCfruits Dmethod12A.strangers BteenagersCfriends Dfamilies13A.led Blen
20、tCpassed Dlimited14A.write BmemorizeCprepare Drecall15A.quiet BimportantClarge Dsafe16A.how BwhatCwhere Dwhen17A.discussions BsuggestionsCexperience Dtheories18A.final BprimaryCsimple Dgrand19A.complex BunsolvableCunknown Dterrible20A.latest BlaziestCslowest Dsmallest【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者与抑郁症作斗争的经历使他转
21、变了思想，并用实际行动来帮助青少年和朋友们。他告诉大家，每个人都同样重要并且不可替代。因此我们必须做出行动，因为即使是最小的行动都可以产生影响。1B 考查动词辨析。句意为：我以为只要我能给予别人我认为他们想要的东西，我就能得到一张去快乐小镇的单程票。A 项意为“想知道” ；B 项意为“认为，以为” ；C 项意为“怀疑” ；D 项意为“预测” 。短文第一句说明了作者小时候的想法，即作者认为善良是一件有益的事情，然后接着详细地解释他的想法。B 项符合语境。故选 B。2A 考查动词辨析。A 项意为“想要” ；B 项意为“忽视” ；C 项意为“丢失” ；D 项意为“命令，订购” 。此处指作者认为给予别
22、人他认为别人需要的东西，他就会快乐。A 项符合语境。故选 A。3B 考查副词辨析。A 项意为“不幸地” ；B 项意为“完全地” ；C 项意为“定期地” ；D 项意为“准确地” 。由下文可知，因为作者的临床抑郁症，作者以前给予别人想要的东西的想法变成了努力用他的想法去影响别人，改变别人，所以此处表达的是“这个思维过程6完全变了” 。B 项符合语境。故选 B。4A 考查代词辨析。此处为句型“It becomes/becameadj.that 从句” ，代词 it为形式主语，that 引导的从句为真正的主语。故选 A。5A 考查名词辨析。A 项意为“能力” ；B 项意为“渴望” ；C 项意为“信念”
23、 ；D 项意为“理由” 。ability to do sth.表示“做某件事的能力” ，根据语境可知，作者所需要的和每个人所需要的一样，就是爱自己的能力。A 项符合语境。故选 A。6B 考查介词辨析。句意为：除了这一点，我必须学会如何与人们建立更深、更有意义的联系。make connection with.是固定短语，表示“与建立联系” 。故选 B。7D 考查动词短语辨析。各选项所给动词均可与介词 into 构成固定搭配：fall into 意为“跌入” ；divide into 意为“分成” ；break into 意为“闯入” ；turn into 意为“变成” 。由上文可知，作者的思维过
24、程改变了，产生了新的想法，因此作者表达的是他在心理健康方面的挣扎变成了一场运动。turn into 符合语境。故选 D。8A 考查动词辨析。A 项意为“重要，有关系” ；B 项意为“存在” ；C 项意为“幸存”；D 项意为“成功” 。根据空格后面的“and couldnt be replaced”可推知，此处表达的是“让每个人都知道他们很重要，无法被替代” 。A 项符合语境。故选 A。9A 考查形容词辨析。A 项意为“困难的” ；B 项意为“滑稽的” ；C 项意为“不同的”；D 项意为“完美的” 。由转折连词 but 和第二个分句的内容可知，此处指的是“在高中，很难传递这个想法” 。A 项符合
25、语境。故选 A。10C 考查副词辨析。A 项意为“随意地” ；B 项意为“简短地” ；C 项意为“坚定地” ；D 项意为“确信地” 。根据 but 表示转折可知，此处应表达“但是我坚定地追随我的激情” 。C 项符合语境。故选 C。11C 考查名词辨析。上文提到虽然在学校作者很难传递自己的思想，但是他不放弃，由此可知，作者努力的结果就是他创造了帮助的习惯和传统。此处 fruits 表示“结果，成果” ，符合语境。故选 C。12B 考查名词辨析。 .Every Friday，I went to school with homework treats and _ them to those who
26、seemed to need a pickmeup.(第二段第三句) 译文：每个星期五，我带着作业的奖品来到学校，把它们发给那些似乎需要提神的孩子们。由关键句可以推断，作者帮助的是那些青少年们。teenager 意为“青年，青少年” ，符合语境。故选 B。13C 考查动词辨析。pass sth.to sb.是固定短语，意为“把传递/分发蛤某人”，此处表达的是作者把带来的作业奖品发给那些需要提神的孩子们。故选 C。14B 考查动词辨析。A 项意为“写” ；B 项意为“记住” ；C 项意为“准备” ；D 项意7为“回忆” 。由语境可知，作者想帮助青少年，所以他尽可能多地记住他们的名字。故选B。15
27、D 考查形容词辨析。作者建立了一个俱乐部，学生们在这里可以表达自己的想法，由此可知这是一个安全的地方，学生们能够畅所欲言。safe 意为“安全的” ，符合语境。故选 D。16A 考查连接词辨析。此处为“疑问词不定式”结构作宾语。由语境可知，作者想让学生学会如何把表达的情感运用到日常生活中。how 意为“怎样，如何” ，符合语境。故选 A。17B 考查名词辨析。A 项意为“讨论” ；B 项意为“建议” ；C 项意为“经验” ；D 项意为“理论” 。在作者的个人社交网络账号上，作者每周发出的用于激励自己和朋友的帖子应是建议之类的内容。B 项符合语境，其余各项均与语境不符。故选 B。18A 考查形容
28、词辨析。This will help me start a nodprofit foundation in the future.(最后一段第二句)译文：这将帮助我在将来建立一个非盈利基金会。由关键句可知，作者一直坚持自己的信仰和做法，那么接着说的就是他的最终目标。final 意为“最后的，最终的” ，符合语境。故选 A。19B 考查形容词辨析。A 项意为“复杂的” ；B 项意为“难以解决的” ；C 项意为“未知的” ；D 项意为“糟糕的” 。由语境可知，作者的最终目标是要证明这个世界不是无法解决的问题的集合体。unsolvable 与下文的“can be changed”相衔接且符合语境。故
29、选 B。20D 考查形容词最高级辨析。A 项意为“最新的” ；B 项意为“最懒的” ；C 项意为“最慢的” ；D 项意为“最小的” 。由本句中的“even”可知，此处指的是甚至是最小的行动都会改变一些事情。D 项符合语境。故选 D。四、单句改错1I dont know what to do, because the number of problems have arisen._答案：thea 此处表述“大量的问题出现了” 。the number of . “的数量” ；a number of “许多；大量的” ，后接可数名词复数形式。2Dont take anything away. Fat
30、her likes everything to be in the place._答案：去掉 the in place “在适当的位置” 。3We try to create work experience opportunities that will really make big difference to us.8_答案：make 后加 a make a difference “有影响；起作用” 。4He decided to apply for the boss for a job the next day._答案：第一个 forto apply to sb. for . “向某人申
31、请” 。5There is no doubt whether global warming is a threat to us all._答案：whetherthat There is no doubt that . “毫无疑问” 。五、短文改错I came to the US as a exchange student a year before.There are four people in my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his child.The host family has a magic what has pu
32、lled me in and make me part of it.I remember when I first arrived at my house，it was far past their usual bedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a huge hug just as I walked in.I was felt so warm after 14 hours of tired flight.Every day they treat me as if I were thei
33、r really family.I love them very much.【答案】I came to the US as exchange student a year .There are four people aanbeforeagoin my host family.They are Mr.Garavalia，his wife and his .The host childchildrenfamily has a magic has pulled me in and me part of it.I whatthat/whichmakemaderemember when I first
34、 arrived at house，it was far past their usual mytheirbedtime.But Mr.Garavalia still waited me in the living room and gave me a forhuge hug just as I walked in.I felt so warm after 14 hours of wastiredtiringflight.Every day they treat me as if I were their family.I love them reallyrealvery much.第一处：a
35、 改为 an。考查冠词。exchange 的发音以元音音素开头。故把 a 改为 an。第二处：before 改为 ago。考查副词。时间副词 before 常常与完成时连用，ago 常常与一般过去时连用，根据句中谓语动词为一般过去时可知，把 before 改为 ago。第三处：child 改为 children。考查名词复数。根据上文中的“four people in my host family”可推断，这对夫妇应该有两个孩子，故把 child 改为 children。9第四处：what 改为 that/which。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是 magic，从
36、句缺少主语。故把 what 改为 that/which。第五处：make 改为 made。考查时态。分析句子结构可知，and 一词后的动词 make 与其前 has pulled 作并列谓语，且在此并列结构中 and 后省略了与前面相同的助动词 has，故把 make 改为 made。第六处：my 改为 their。考查代词。此处指“我”第一次到达他们(这对夫妇)家的时候，故把 my 改为 their。第七处：waited 后加 for。考查介词。wait for sb.意思是“等待某人” ，为固定用法，故在 waited 后加 for。第八处：删除 felt 前的 was。考查动词。felt 在此处为系动词 feel 的过去式，表示“感受到” ，没有被动语态。故删除 felt 前的 was。第九处：tired 改为 tiring。考查形容词。此处表示“14 个小时的令人疲倦的飞行之后” 。tiring“令人疲劳的” ，tired“疲倦的，疲劳的” ，故把 tired 改为 tiring。第十处：really 改为 real。考查形容词。名词 family 前应用形容词来修饰，故把really 改为 real。