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1、简单句的五种基本句型讲解和练习题简单句的五种基本句型讲解和练习题一、句子成份英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。1、主语：主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在 there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：Country musicCountry music has become more and more popular.（名词）WeWe o
2、ften speak English in class.（代词）One-thirdOne-thirdof the students in this class are girls.（数词）To swimTo swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）SmokingSmoking does harm to the health.（动名词）The richThe rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）When we are going to have an English testWhen we are going to
3、have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）It It is necessaryto master a foreign languageto master a foreign language.（it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。1)简单谓语：We studystudy for the people.2)复合谓语：I can speakcan speak a little English.We are readingare reading books.He ha
4、s hasgonegonetoBeijing.3、表语:它位于系动词(比如 be)之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。My sister is a nursea nurse.Is ityoursyours?（代词）The weather has turnedcoldcold.（形容词）The speech isexciting.exciting.（分词）Three times seven istwenty onetwenty one?（数词）His job isto teach Englishto teach English.（不定式）His hobby（爱好）isplaying footb
5、allplaying football.（动名词）The ruler must be must bein your box.（介词短语）Time isupup.The class isoverover.（副词）The truth isthat he has never been abroadthat he has never been abroad.（表语从句）4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象，跟在和物动词之后，We like EnglishEnglish.How many dictionaries do you have?I havefivefive.（数词）They helpedthe o
6、ldthe old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）It beganto rainto rain.（不定式短语）I enjoylistening to popular musiclistening to popular music.（动名词短语）I think（thatthat）he is fit for his office.he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）有些和物动词可以带两个宾语，往往一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。He gave meme some inksome ink.有些和物动词的
7、宾语后面还需要有一个补足语，意思才完整，宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如：We make him him our monitoour monitor(班长).5、宾补:就是宾语补足语，就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the streetHis father named himDongmingDongming.（名词）They painted（涂漆）their boatwhitewhite.（形容词）Let the fresh（新鲜的）airinin.（副词）You mustnt force himto lend his money to you.to lend his
8、 money to you.（不定式短语）We saw herentering the roomentering the room.（现在分词）We found everything in the lab in good order in good order.（介词短语）1/56、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词名词或代词的成分叫定语。He is a newa new student.但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后之后。The bike in the room/over there/in the room/over there/is mine.Guilin is ab
9、eautifulbeautiful city.（形容词）China is adevelopingdeveloping（发展中）（发展中）country;America is adevelopeddeveloped（发达）（发达）country.（分词）There are thirty women women teachers is our school.（名词）HisHisprogress（进步）in English made us surprised.（代词）Our monitor（班长）is always the first to enter the classroom to enter
10、the classroom.（不定式短语）He is reading an article(文章)about how to learn Englishabout how to learn English.（介词短语）7、状语:修饰动词，形容词，副词以和全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。He lives ininLondonLondon.Light travelsmost quicklymost quickly.（副词和副词性词组）He has lived in the cityfor ten yearsfor ten year
11、s.（介词短语）He is sorryto trouble(to trouble(麻烦麻烦)you)you.（不定式短语）He is in the room making a model plane.making a model plane.（分词短语）OnceOnce（一旦（一旦0 you begin0 you begin,you must continue.（状语从句）状语种类如下：状语种类如下：How about meeting againat sixat six?（时间状语）Last night she didnt go to the dance partybecause of the
12、 rainbecause of the rain.（原因状语）I shall go thereif it doesnt rainif it doesnt rain.（条件状语）Mr Smith liveson the third flooron the third floor.（地点状语）She put the eggs into the basketwith great carewith great care.（方式状语）She came inwith a dictionary in her handwith a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）In order t
13、o catch up with the othersIn order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.（目的状语）He was so tiredthat he fell asleep immediatelythat he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）She works very hardthough she is oldthough she is old.（让步状语）I am tallerthan he isthan he is.（比较状语）一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：1.The stud
14、ents got on the school bus.2.He handed me the newspaper.3.I shall answer your question after class.4.His job is to train swimmers.5.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.6.His wish is to become a scientist.7.Hewants to finish the work in time.8.Tom came to ask me for advice（建议）.9.He found it
15、 important to master English.10.Do you have anything else to say?11.Would you please tell me your address?12.He sat there,reading a newspaper.13.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.14.He noticed（注意到）a man enter the room.15.The apples tasted sweet.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂，但仔细观察
16、不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之，绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下：S 十 V 主谓结构主语 不和物动词S 十 V 十 P 主系表结构主语 连系动词表语2/5S 十 V 十 O 主谓宾结构主语 和物动词 宾语S 十 V 十 O1 十 O2 主谓双宾结构S 十 V 十 O 十 C 主谓宾补结构判断类型和句子成分：She cameShe likes English.She ishappyThe teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought abook for me.She gave
17、 John a bookMy head aches.She makes her mother angryThe sun was shining.The moon rose.They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好。Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮。His face turned red.他的脸红了。Who knows the answer?谁知道答案？He enjoys reading.
18、他喜欢看书。I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。I showed him my pictures.I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。Whatmakeshimthink so?他怎么会这样想？The children
19、 are playing happily.The Greens enjoy living in China.He became a famous doctor.他成为了一名著名的医生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.苹果派吃起来真是好吃。基本句型一：基本句型一：S S 十十 V V 主谓结构主谓结构这种句型中的动词大多是不和物动词：appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,happen,rise,1).学生们学习很努力。_基本句型二基本句型二:S:S 十十 V V 十十 P P 主系表结构主系表结
20、构常见的系动词有：be(是)；get(变得),become(成为),turn(变得),look(看起来),feel(感到),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来),seem(似乎)A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be,look,seem,appear,smell,taste,sound,keep,remain,等等。8)We should _ _ any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。9)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_.B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become,get,grow,turn,go,come,prove,等等。如：10)Spring com
21、es.It is _.春天到了，天气变得越来越暖和。11)Dont have the food._.不要吃那种食物，它已经变质了。基本句型三基本句型三:S:S 十十 V V 十十 OO 主谓宾结构主谓宾结构3/513)我昨天看了一部电影。_.16）They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。基本句型四基本句型四:S:S 十十 V V 十间接宾语十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语十直接宾语“物”结构结构间接宾语前需要加 to 的常用动词有：bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,pay,read,sell,send,show,teach,
22、tell wish,write 等。间接宾语前需要加 for 的常用动词有：buy,choose,make,order,paint,play(演奏)，sing,等。18）Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as abirthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。19)The old man _ _ _ _ _ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)这种句型还可转换为：动词动词 直接宾语直接宾语 for/to sb.for/to sb.20)Please show me your picture.=Please _ _ _ _
23、.请把你的画给我看一下。I _ _the salt.=I _the salt _.我把书递给他。基本句型五基本句型五:S:S十十 V V 十十 OO 十十 C C 主谓宾补结构主谓宾补结构此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是和物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call（叫）,choose（选）,find（发现）,make,name,(命名)22）Keep _,please.请让孩子们安静下来。23）Theypainted_.他们把门漆成绿色。We must _.我们必须保持我们的学校洁。Heaskedme_ soon.他要我早点回来。24）我们发现他
24、是一个懒惰的人。_.注意：动词 have,make,let,see,hear,notice,feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带 to。如：25）The boss _ _ _ all day.(迫使他劳动)Wesaw_.(他出去)。考点突破训练考点突破训练1、I am sorry to have kept you_A to waitB waitC waitedD waiting2、I felt somebody _ meA touchB touchedC to touchD touches3、He taught me _ speak EnglishA how shouldB
25、 howC how can ID how to4、I shall make your dream _A coming trulyB come trueC to come trueD comes true5、He told _ homeA us not to goB we not goC us not goD us to not go6、I think _ a good habit to get up earlyA thisB itC thatD its7、Roses in bloom smell _A sweetenB sweetlyC sweetD sweetness()1.The weat
26、her _.A.wet and coldB.is wet and coldC.not wet and cold4/5D.werewet and cold()2.The apple tasted _.A.sweetsB.sweetlyC.nicelyD.sweet()3.He got up _ yesterday morning.A.latelyB.late C.latestD.latter()4._ were all very tired,but none of _ would stop to take a rest.A.We,usB.Us,weC.We,ourD.We,we()5.I thi
27、nk _necessary（必要的）to learn English well.A.its B.itC.thatD.that is()6.The dog _ mad（疯的）.A.looksB.is looked C.is being lookedD.was looked判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：1.We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.2.The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3.There is a chair in th
28、is room,isnt there?4.My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come backhome at seven in the evening.5.He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6.He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.7.Neither has he changed his mind,nor will he do so.8.What he said at the meeting is very important,isnt it?9.The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.5/5