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1、英语简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。 这五个基本句式如下 S十V主谓结构 S十V十P主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明S主语V谓语P表语O宾语O1间接宾语O2直接宾语C宾语补足语 基本句型一 S十V主谓结构 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词这些动词常见的有appear apologize arrive e die disappear exist fa
2、ll happen rise等等。 如 1. 学生们学习很努力。_ 2. 她再次向我道歉。 _ 3. 事故是昨天晚上发生的。 _ 补充: 少数不及物动词后面能跟一个相同意义的名词作宾语这个名词和前面的动词在词根上是相同的或者在意义上是相近的这样的宾语就叫做同源宾语。 常见的能带同源宾语的动词有lead live die sleep dream breathe smile laugh fight run sing等。 例如 4. Under the leadership of the Party the peasants lead a happy life. 5. I dreamed a ter
3、rible dream last night. 6. Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 7. He died a glorious death.基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类 A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有be look seem appear smell taste sound keep remain 等等。 如 8 We should _ _ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。 9 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_. B. 表示转变
4、或结果的系动词。这些词有bee get grow turn go e prove等等。 如 10 Spring es. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了天气变得越来越暖和。 11 Dont have the food. _. 不要吃那种食物它已经变质了。 12 The fact _ _. 这个事实证明是正确的。 基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。 如 13 我昨天看了一部电影。_. 14 You place
5、 me in a difficult situation._。 15They finally managed to get along with us. _。 16They have _ _ _ of the children这些孩子他们照看得很好。 17I dont like being treated like this._。 基本句型四: S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构O1间接宾语O2直接宾语 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”直接宾语常常指“物”。 如 18Yesterday her father _ _ _ _ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自
6、行车作为生日礼物。 19 The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March. _。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型 A. 动词 直接宾语 for sb. B. 动词 直接宾语 to sb.。 20 Please show me your picture. Please _ _ _ _ _. 请把你的画给我看一下。 21 Ill offer you a good chance as long as you don t lose heart. Ill offer _ _ _ _ _ as long as you dont l
7、ose heart. 只要你不失去信心我会给你提供机会的。 基本句型五: S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 这种句型中的宾语 补语可统称为“复合宾语” 作补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。 如 22。Keep _ please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 23他把墙漆成白色。_. 24我们发现他是一个诚实的人。_. 注意动词have make let see hear notice feel observe watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时不带to。如 25The boss made him do the work all day. _。 句型一 主语系动词表语 讲
8、解 1 系动词的三种分类在初中阶段我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be remain stay keep prove等表示“变化”类的有grow turn get bee fall go e等表示“感官”类的有look sound smell taste feel seem appear等。 例如 I am a senior school student while he is a junior one. 我是高中生他是初中生。 After four years Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor. 四年后汤姆成了一名医生。 The story sounds
9、 interesting and instructive. 这故事听起来既有趣又有教育意义。 2 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词短语、介词短语、表语从句、分词短语等。 例如 In order to keep healthy he takes exercise everyday. 形容词作表语In my mind mother is my hero. 名词作表语 Look Your pet dog is there. 副词作表语 The schoolbags e in different sizes. 介词短语作表语 You are not what you were. 表语从句作表语 Ma
10、ny passengers got injured in the accident. 过去分词作表语 The machine keeps running for a long time. 现在分词短语作表语 3 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一没有被动语态第二一般没有进行时除了feel以外第三有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词如keep grow taste feel get smell等。第四非谓语一般用现在分词这一点仅作了解高中阶段将涉及。 例如After two-days treatment he felt well again. 不用was felt. He remains an excell
11、ent engineer in the factory. 不用 is remained 比较以下句子 The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson. keeps是系动词而kept是及物动词 We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now. grew是及物动词而grow是系动词 Just now I felt the table and it felt smooth. 第一个felt是及物动词而第二个是系动词 练习 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空注意动词的适当形式。 1
12、I _remain / keep / stay a nurse while he has _turn / bee engineer. 2 Put the meat in the refrigerator 冰箱. It _ go / get / turn / bee bad easily. 3 What he said _sound / look / smell / taste reasonable. 4 He feels _fortable / fortably working in the air-conditioned office. 5 We do morning exercises t
13、o _keep / turn / bee healthy. 6 The apple _tastes / is tasted sweet. 7 Please keep _安静 The baby has fallen _睡着. 8 They work day and night to make their dream e _实现. Key: 1 4 remain turned goes sounds fortable 5 8 keep tastes quiet asleep true 句型二 主语不及物动词 讲解 1不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree lie work argue belong
14、 e go reply等。 2 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with lie in work at belong to e across go to等。 3 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin sell write wash answer read等。例如 The meeting begins at half past nine. 不及物动词 The professor began his speech directly. 及物动词 The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them. 第一
15、个sell为不及物动词而第二个是及物动词。 练习 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性是及物动词还是不及物动词。 1 Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. 2 Besides Japanese he can also speak Spanish. 3 His father used to work hard to make much money. 4 I intended to lie to him but failed. 5 Unfortunately I failed the driving test. 2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。 1 I
16、 dont agree _ you pletely. I have my own opinion. 2 The dictionary is not Toms. It belongs _ me. 3 Use your head and you will think _ some ways to solve the problem. 4 To improve my English I work hard _ it. 5 Look _ the cloudy sky It is going to rain. Key 1. 不及物动词1、3、4 及物动词2、5。 2. 1 5 with to up at
17、 at句型三 主语及物动词宾语 练习 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。 如Doing morning exercises benefits our health. 1 I wrote a passage last night. 2 I doubt whether he will join us in the debate. 3 We missed going to college for that reason. 4 What he said touched me greatly. 句型四 主语及物动词双宾语间接宾语直接宾语 讲解 1双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说宾语指人为间接宾语宾语指物
18、为直接宾语。例如My father bought me a car.me为间接宾语a car 为直接宾语 The singer sang us another song.us为间接宾语another song 为直接宾语 2如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词to for等。 The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us. The singer sang another song for us. 练习 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。 1 Mother bought a birthday c
19、ake _me. 2 Give another apple_her. She likes it. 3 The pany will provide some drinks _ the volunteers. Key 句型三 1 I wrote a passage last night. 2 I doubt whether he will join us in the debate. 3 We missed going to college for that reason. 4 What he said touched me greatly. 句型四 1 3 for to for句型一 主语+系动
20、词+表语 讲解 (1) 系动词的三种分类：在初中阶段我们学过的表示“保持或状态”类的有be, remain, stay, keep, prove等；表示“变化”类的有grow, turn, get, bee, fall, go, e等；表示“感官”类的有look, sound, smell, taste, feel, seem, appear等。例如： I am a senior school student while he is a junior one. 我是高中生他是初中生。 After four years, Tom became a doctor/ turned doctor. 四
21、年后汤姆成了一名医生。 The story sounds interesting and instructive. 这故事听起来既有趣又有教育意义。 (2) 可以充当表语的有形容词、名词、副词(短语)、介词短语、表语从句、分词(短语)等。例如： In order to keep healthy, he takes exercise everyday. (形容词作表语) In my mind, mother is my hero. (名词作表语) Look! Your pet dog is there. (副词作表语) The schoolbags e in different sizes. (
22、介词短语作表语) Youve changed a lot. You are not what you were. (表语从句作表语) Many passengers got injured in the accident. (过去分词作表语) The machine keeps running for a long time. （现在分词短语作表语） (3) 使用系动词应注意的地方：第一没有被动语态；第二一般没有进行时(除了feel以外)；第三有些动词既是系动词又是普通动词。如：keep, grow, taste, feel, get, smell等。第四非谓语一般用现在分词(这一点仅作了解高
23、中阶段将涉及。) 例如：After two-days treatment, he felt well again. (不用was felt) He remains an excellent engineer in the factory. (不用 is remained) 比较以下句子： The pet dog keeps clean. It is kept by Johnson.(keeps是系动词而kept是及物动词) We grew some trees around our school and they grow green now. (grew是及物动词而grow是系动词) Jus
24、t now I felt the table and it felt smooth. (第一个felt是及物动词而第二个是系动词) 练习 选择一个合适的词或根据汉语提示填空注意动词的适当形式。 (1) I _(remain / keep / stay) a nurse while he has _(turn / bee) engineer. (2) Put the meat in the refrigerator (冰箱). It _ (go / get / turn / bee) bad easily. (3) What he said _(sound / look / smell / ta
25、ste) reasonable. (4) He feels _(fortable / fortably) working in the air-conditioned office. (5) We do morning exercises to _(keep / turn / bee) healthy. (6) The apple _(tastes / is tasted) sweet. (7) Please keep _(安静); The baby has fallen _(睡着). (8) They work day and night to make their dream e _(实现
26、). Key: (1) (4) remain, turned; goes; sounds; fortable (5) (8) keep; tastes; quiet, asleep; true 句型二 主语+不及物动词 讲解 (1)不及物动词不能直接加宾语。如agree, lie, work, argue, belong, e, go, reply等。 (2) 不及物动词加一个介词后构成动词短语可以加宾语。如agree with, lie in, work at, belong to, e across, go to等。 (3) 有些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。如begin, sell,
27、write, wash, answer, read等。例如： The meeting begins at half past nine. (不及物动词) The professor began his speech directly. (及物动词) The books of this kind sell well and he will sell them. (第一个sell为不及物动词而第二个是及物动词)。 练习 1. 指出划线部分动词的词性是及物动词还是不及物动词。 (1) Speak aloud so that everyone can follow you. ( ) (2) Besid
28、es Japanese, he can also speak Spanish. ( ) (3) His father used to work hard to make much money. ( ) (4) I intended to lie to him, but failed. ( ) (5) Unfortunately, I failed the driving test. ( ) 2. 在每一空格上填上恰当的介词。 (1) I dont agree _ you pletely. I have my own opinion. (2) The dictionary is not Toms
29、. It belongs _ me. (3) Use your head, and you will think _ some ways to solve the problem. (4) To improve my English, I work hard _ it. (5) Look _ the cloudy sky! It is going to rain. Key： 1. 不及物动词：(1)、(3)、(4)； 及物动词：(2)、(5)。 2. (1) (5) with, to, up, at, at 句型三 主语+及物动词+宾语 练习 划出以下句子的主、谓、宾部分。 如：Doing m
30、orning exercises benefits our health. (1) I wrote a passage last night. (2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate. (3) We missed going to college for that reason. (4) What he said touched me greatly. 句型四 主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） 讲解 （1）双宾语指直接宾语与间接宾语。一般地说宾语指人为间接宾语宾语指物为直接宾语。例如：My father bought me
31、 a car.（me为间接宾语a car 为直接宾语） The singer sang us another song.（us为间接宾语another song 为直接宾语） （2）如果直接宾语放在及物动词之后、间接宾语之前那么两个宾语之间应有一个介词(to, for等)。 The teacher offered some advice on learning English to us. The singer sang another song for us. 练习 在每一空格上填上一个恰当的介词。 (1) Mother bought a birthday cake _me. (2) Giv
32、e another apple_her. She likes it. (3) The pany will provide some drinks _ the volunteers. Key： 句型三 (1) I wrote a passage last night. (2) I doubt whether he will join us in the debate. (3) We missed going to college for that reason. (4) What he said touched me greatly. 句型四 (1) (3) for; to; for 句型五.
33、S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补） I make you clear. 1) S + VT + N/Pron + N We named our baby Tom. 常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）。 2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj He painted the wall white. 常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, ma
34、ke, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。 3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase She always keeps everything in good order. 4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive I wish you to stay. I made him work 常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, mand, decide, encourage, expect, force, ge
35、t, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等。b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等。 5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词） I heard my name called. I feel something moving. 常用于
36、这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等。 6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show me how to do it. 常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等。 7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause He
37、told me that the film was great. 常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等。 8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause He asked me what he should do. 常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.英语介词口诀详解 早、午、晚要用 in, at 黎明、午夜、点与分。 年、月、年月、季节、周阳光、灯、影、衣、帽 in。 将来时态 in .,小处 at 大处 in。 有形 with
38、 无形 by语言、单位、材料 in。 特征、方面与方式心情成语惯用 in。 介词 at 和 to 表方向攻击、位置、恶、善分。 早、午、晚要用 in 例in the morning 在早上 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening 在晚上 in the day 在白天 at 黎明、午、夜、点与分 例: at dawn at daybreak 在黎明时候 at noon 在中午 at night 在夜间 at midnight 在午夜 以上短语都不用冠词 at six oclock 在6点钟 at 730 seven thirty 在7点半 at half past
39、 eleven 在11点半 at nine fifteen 在9点15 分 at ten thirty a.m. 在上午10点30分也可以写成 seven to five 5点差7分半小时以上 five minutes after two 2点过5分 at a quarter to two 1点45分 at the weekend 在周末 年、月、年月、季节、周 即在“某年”在“某月”在“某年某月” 但在某年某月某日则用 on在四季在第几周等都要用 in。 例 in 1986 在1986 年 in 1927 在1927 年 in April 在四月 in March 在三月 in Decemb
40、er 1986 1986年12月 in July l983 1983年7月 in spring 在春季 in summer 在夏季 in autumn 在秋季 in winter 在冬季 in the fist week of this semester 这学期的第一周 in the third week 在第三周 阳光、灯、影、衣、冒 in即在阳光下在灯下在树阴下穿衣、着装、冒雨等都要用 in。 例Dont read in dim light. 切勿在暗淡的灯光下看书。 They are reviewing their lessons in the bright light. 他们在明亮的灯
41、光下复习功课。 They are sitting in the shade of a tree. 他们坐在树阴下乘凉。 a prisoner in irons 带着镣铐的囚犯 He went in the rain to meet me at the station. 他冒雨到车站去接我。 The poor dressed clothed in rags in old society. 旧社会穷人们衣衫褴褛。 以及in the bright sunlight 在明亮的阳光下 a merchant in disguise 乔装的商人 the woman in white black red ye
42、llow 穿着白黑、红、黄色衣服的妇女 in uniform 穿着制服 in mourning 穿着丧服 in brown shoes 穿着棕色鞋 in his shirt sleeves 穿着衬衫 将来时态 in 以后 例: They will e back in 10 days. 他们将10天以后回来。 Ill e round in a day or two. 我一两天就回来。 Well be back in no time. 我们一会儿就回来。 e and see me in two days time. 两天后来看我。从现在开始 After 从过去开始 小处 at 大处 in 例Li
43、and I arrived at Heishan county safe and sound all is well. Dont worry. 李和我平安地到达_县一切很好勿念。 I live in a great city big city my sister lives at a small town while my parents live at a village. 我住在大城市我姐姐住在一个小城镇而我的父母则住在农村。 Im in Liaoning at Anshan. 我住在辽宁省_市 有形 with 无形 by语言、单位、材料 in 例The workers are pavin
44、g a road with stone. 工人们正用石子铺路。有形 The teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen. 这位教师正用一支新笔批改论 文。有形 “Taking Tiger Mountain by Strategy”is a good opera. ltlt智取威虎山gtgt是出好戏。无形 The product is separated by distillation into gasoline and gas oil. 这种产品是用蒸馏分离出汽油和粗柴油。表示方式、手段、方法无形 I really cant express m
45、y idea in English freely in-deed 我确实不能用英语流利地表达我的思想。表示某种语言用 in I wrote a novel in Russian. 我用俄语写了一本小说。同上 The kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system 公里是米制中最长的长度单位。表示度、量、衡单位的用 in The length is measured in meter kilometre and centimetre. 长度是以米、公里、厘米为单位来计算的。同上 This board was cast in bronze not in gold. 这个牌匾是铜铸的不是金铸的。 特征、方面与方式、心情、成语惯用 in 特征或状态 例: The Democratic Party was then in power. 那时民主党执政。 They found the patient in a a. 他们发现病人处于昏迷