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1、解透语法现在完成时的被动语态一 构成肯定句句式：have/has been doneHe has been selected to take part in the sports meeting.他已被挑选出来参加远动会。否定句句式：have/has not been doneThe ink has not been removed from the clothes.衣服上的墨迹还没有去掉。疑问句句式：一般疑问句句式：Have/Has 主语 + been done?特殊疑问句句式：疑问词+ have/has（+ 主语）+ been done? Has your computer just be
2、en attacked by a virus?你的电脑刚被病毒攻击了吗？How long have you been employed at this job?你做这份工作多久了？二 用法1.现在完成时的被动语态同它的主动语态一样，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，通常与 already，yet, just, never, recently 等副词连用。The problem has already been solved.这个问题已经被解决了。2. 表示一个被动的动作或状态从过去开始一直持续到现在，常与for 或since 引导的时间状语连用，或用于 “How long.？” 句型中。
3、Financial problems of the company have been discussed for nearly two hours. 这个公司的财务问题己被讨论了近两个小时。3.用在时间或条件状语从句中，表示将来己完成的动作，即用现在完成时的被动语态代替将来完成时的被动语态。 You shouldnt watch TV before your homework has been finished. 在你的作业完成之前你不应该看电视。【学法点拨】常与现在完成时连用的时间状语： already 已经yet己经since then 从那时起recently/lately 最近eve
4、r since ever 曾经 for a long time 很长一段时间so far 迄今为止 by now 到目前为止 recent years 在最近几年里in/during/over the past/last/few years 在过去的几年口三 注意事项1.与一般过去时的被动语态的区别时态动作发生的时间对现在有无影响一般过去时的被动语态过去无现在完成时的被动语态过去有The program was downloaded yesterday.这个程序是昨天下载下来的。The program has been downloaded这个程序已经下载下来了。 2.borrow,begin
5、, start . buy, marry,open,join 等非延续能动词的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的语连用。若要表达相应的意思，需要改变动词或时态。这本书借了一周了。The book has been borrowed for a week. (x)The book has been kept for a week. (V)这个工程已经开始多久了？How long has this project been started? (x)How long ago was this project started? (V)【学法点拨】非延续性动词的否定式可表示动作的持续过程，具有持续
6、性，因而可与since 或 for 引导的时问状语连用。This book has not been borrowed since last week.自上周以来没有人借过这本书。 3.只带有一个宾语的动词，其所在的句子变为被动语态时,将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。主动： We have built many bridges in the past ten years.被动：Many bridges have been built (by us) in the past ten yeas 4.带有双宾语的动词，如give,send, bring, take,teach show, tel
7、l, make, sing, write, sell buy, lend, offer, hand,pass,get 等，其所在的句子变为被动语态时，一般是把表“人”的宾语(间接宾语)变为主语，另一个保留不动。如果将直接宾语变为被动向的主语，被保留的间接安语前要加介词to或for。动词是 give, send,take 等时常加to;动词是buy,make 等时常加 for。主动：He has sent me an e-mail.被动：I have been sent an e-mail.被动：An e-mail has been sent to me.5.带有复合宾语(宾语 宾语补足语)的动
8、词，其所在的句子变为被动语态时，只能将宾语变为主语，原来的宾语补足语仍留在原处。主动语态中不带to 的动词不定式作宾补，在被动语态中要把to加上。主动：We have seen him lie on the ground.被动：He has been seen to lie on the ground. 6. 含短语动词的句子变为被动语态时，要注意保持短语动词的完整性，动词后面原有的介词或副词不可遗漏。此类短语动词有：(1)动词十介词refer to, look after, rely on, look for, look at, listen to,dream of, meet with,
9、laugh at, result in, wait tor, deal with, operate on主动：Jane has referred to the book.被劲：The book has been referred to (by Jane).(2)动词名词介词pay attention to, make use of, take part in, keep an eye on, make tun of, catch sight of, set fire to, take note of, take care of主动: Tom has paid much attention to
10、 his handwriting.破动：Toms handwriting has been paid much attention to.被动：Much attention has been paid to Toms handwriting.(3)动词副词turn on, turn off, carry on, carry out, think over, make up, set up, put down, hand in, point out, call up主动：They have put out the big fire.被动：The big fire has been put out.学科网（北京）股份有限公司