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1、Unit 3 Grammar 现在完成时的被动语态【学习目标】1.现在完成时被动语态的构成 2. 现在完成时被动语态的主要用法3使用现在完成时的被动语态需要注意的问题【重点难点】 能够熟练运用现在完成时被动语态。【课堂实施】Step1观察以下句子的谓语结构1. 主动：He has repaired the machine for two hours. （他修理这台机器已有两小时了） 被动：The machine has been repaired for two hours. （这台机器已修了两小时了） 2. 主动：The teacher has borrowed the books. （老师
2、把那些书借走了） 被动：The books have been borrowed by the teacher. （那些书被老师借走了） Step2弄清现在完成时被动语态的构成。故事：This morning our physics teacher did a lightning experiment. The experiment has been done successfully. However, the conclusion of the experiment has not been accepted by most of us.“Has the experiment been d
3、one improperly? What has been done by Franklin in the past?”He asked himself. 观察故事中划线部分并结合下列所给例句完成填空：1现在完成时被动语态的肯定式：由_构成。例如：Two windows have been broken两个窗子被打破了。 The New Age of Invention has just been published. 发明的新时代刚刚出版。2. 现在完成时被动语态的否定式：由_构成。例如：The car has not been repaired这辆汽车还没有修好。 Toms novel h
4、as not been published. 汤姆的小说还没有被出版。3. 现在完成时被动语态的一般疑问式：由_构成。例如： Has her work been finished？她的工作完成了吗？ Yes，it has是的，完成了。 Have the cars been repaired？这些汽车修好了吗？No，they havent不，还没有。4. 现在完成时被动语态的特殊疑问式：由_构成。例如： How long has her work been finished？她的工作完成有多久了？ Who has been helped by the new computer？谁已经得到了这台新
5、计算机的帮助？step3：弄清现在完成时被动语态的主要用法。1. 过影响现（过去已经发生的动作对现在造成的影响）表示被动的动作发生在说话之前（即现在的过去），强调对现在造成的影响和结果。I have been beaten by my father twice.2. 过持到现（过去已经发生的动作一直持续到现在。）表示一个被动的动作或状态开始于过去，持续到现在，并可能将持续下去，常与for或since引导的时间状语连用，或用于How long？句型中。3.主语为动作的承受者（即主语被）4.常与现在完成时连用的时间：already(已经), yet(已经), just(刚刚),ever(曾经),
6、lately, recently, since then, up to now, so far, ever since, by now, in/ during/ over the past/ last years. 划出下列句中时间标志词：I have already posted the letter.Have you ever been to Beijing ?Ive worked in the school since 1999.He hasnt done his homework yet.Hes lived in Shenzhen for 6 years.step4：使用现在完成时的被
7、动语态需要注意的问题。1现在完成时的被动语态有两个助动词，即 have has和been，两者缺一不可。2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态，不及物动词或短语没有。3. 短语动词不可分割也不可省略短语的介词或副词。例如：The orphan has been well looked after这位孤儿一直受到很好的照顾。4. 注意副词放的位置。often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。Such a man has never been believed.5. 注意与一般过去时被动语态的区别。一般过去时的被
8、动语态表示一个被动的动作发生在过去某个时候，其结果对现在没有影响；而现在完成时被动语态的动作或状态尽管发生在过去，但侧重说明该动作或状态对现在造成的影响和结果。例如：The house was built last year这房子是去年建造的。 The house has been built这房子已经建好了。step5：Homework - fill in the blanks:Notice to parentsDear parents,we hope you will welcome this news.Almost 100 computers_(give) to us by a loca
9、l computer company since the end of last year.A decision_(make) that we will begin a computer teaching experiment in our school.So every teacher_(provide) with a laptop since the beginning of this term. Since then,most of our courses_(teach) using computer.A lot of information_(take) from internet t
10、o help us with our teaching.Besides, a new computer room_(set up) in our school. We start this experiment together with the City Information Technology Centre, which_(complete) recently.We hope you will help us with this exciting new development in our school.No 7 Middle School笔记整理区第 3 页 共 3 页学科网（北京）股份有限公司