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1、高考英语代词用法详解及巩固练习代词是代替名词及起名词作用的短语或句子的词。代词根据其意思和用法可分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词连接代词、关系代词、不定代词等八类。一、人称代词的用法人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语，宾语用作宾语。但在口语中，当人称代词用作表语，用干than.as之后或用干强调句中被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均可以。如:“Who is it?” “Its me.”“是谁呀?”“是我。”He sings better than me. 他比我唱得好。注:单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格，即使它代表主语时也是如此。如:“I like Engli
2、sh.” “Me too.”“我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”二、物主代词的用法物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，但可以用作主语、宾语、表语、连用of作定语等。如:Here is my dog. Its name is Tom. 这是我的狗，它的名字叫汤姆。Is that coffee yours or hers? 这咖啡是你的还是她的?注:可以说afriendofmine(oursyourshers his theirs)，但是不能说 a friend ofme (us, you, her, him, them)。有时同一
3、个结构用不用物主代词会导致含义的变化。如:Dot lose heart. 别灰心。She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。三、反身代词的用法反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词的语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如:He himselfwas a doctor他本人就是一位医生。She is too young to look after herself.她太小，无法照顾自己。That poor bov was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。注:用于 be.feel. seem,look 等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状
4、态。如:Ill be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。Im not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。四、相互代词的用法英语的相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。如:Students should help one another学生应该互相帮助。We had known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。注:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each others,one anothers)。如:Thev often st
5、ay in one anothers house.他们常常在彼此的家里住。另外，有人认为 each other用于两者，one another用于三者，但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。五、疑问代词的用法1.疑问代词即指who.whom.whose.which.what等用干引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如:What did she say? 她怎么说?Which are our seats?哪些是我们的座位?What are you worrving about? 你为什么事烦恼?注:who和whom 只用作主语、宦语和表语，不用作定语:w
6、hat.which. whose 则既可用作主语、室语和表语，也可用作定语。2.what与 which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时，用which;当选择的范围不明确时，用 what。如:Which colordo you like, red. black or white?红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种 ?What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?六、连接代词的用法1.连接代词主要包括who.whom.what. which. whose. whoever, whatever, whichever. whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宦语、表语、定语等(
7、但who.whom.whoever 等不用于名词前作定语)，主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如:Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。The question is who can help us.问题是谁能帮助我们。What he says sounds reasonable.他说的话听起来有道理，2.关系代词型 what 的用法。比较以下句子:I dont know what you like. 我不知道你喜欢什么。You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。第一句中的what表示“什么”;第二句中的what 则具有关系
8、代词的性质，相当于“先行词+关系代词”，表示“所的一切事或东西”，如上面第二句的what就相当干 everything that。顺便说一句，这样用的 what 有时还可后接一个名词。如:We gave him what (little) help we could.我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。3.whatever. whoever与whichever的用法:它们可用干引导主语从句和宾语从句，也可用干引导让步状语从句。如:Whoever comes will be welcome.什何人来都欢迎。Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。Whoever yo
9、u are, you cant enter.不管你是谁，都不能进去。Whichever side wins, I shall be happy.不管哪边赢，我都会高兴。七、不定代词的用法不定代词是英语所有代词中最重要的一类，也是高考英语中最常考的一类，同学们复习时应注意以下几点:1.some 与 any。some 用于肯定句中，anv 用干否定句、疑问句和条件句中。但是，在表示请求、激请或征求意见的句子中，通常要用 some 而不用any。如:Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?Why dont you bring some flowers?为什么不带些
10、花来呢?2.指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如botheitherneither)，有的不定代词用于指三者(如all，any,none.every)，具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。如:He is blind in both eves. 他双目失明。Were they all colleze students? 他们都是大学生吗?注:each可用干两者、三者或三者以上，而everv只用干三者或三者以上，因此用干两者时只能用each，不能用everv。如:There are trees on each side of the road.路的两边都有树。3.few与 litt
11、le。few和a few 后接复数名词，而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的 few 和 little表示数量很少或几平没有，强调“少”，含有否定意义;而带有不定冠词的afew和alittle 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有，强调“有”，含有肯定意义。如:He knew few ofthem. 他们中间他认识的人很少。He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。He knew little about it.他对此知道得很少。There is still a little left.还剩一点点。4.all, every,ea
12、ch的用法。从强调重点上看:alt强调整体地考虑总体，every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近)，each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体;从用法上看:all和each既可单独使用，也可后接名词，还可后接of短语;而every后必须接名词，既不能单独使用也不能后接 of短语;从含义上看，each 指两者或两者以上的“每个”，everv指三者或三者以上“每个”，因此指两者时只能用 each。5. other the other. another others的用法。指甲类:过，若涉指用another，若特指用 the other:指复类时，若泛指里other后提有数名词喊othes(其后不接
13、名词)，若特指用the other(后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词)。如:Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。We should think of others, 我们应该多为别人着想。Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?注:another后一般要单数可数名词，但若其后的名词有数词或 few 修饰，则也可接复数名词。如:Ive got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟。八、关系代词的用法关系代词用于引导定语从句，主要的有that.who.w
14、hom.whose. which. as 等。其中who.whom 只用干指人，which. as 只用干指物，whose. that 既可午指人也可指物。关系代词在定语从句主要用作主语、宜语、表语或定语。九.指两者和三者的不定代词有些不定代词用于指两者（如both, either, neither），有的不定代词用于指三者（如all, any, none, every），注意不要弄混：Both of my parents are doctors.我的父母都是医生。Neither of my parents knows English.我父母都不懂英语。There are trees on e
15、ither side of the square.路的两边都种有树。There are trees on any side of the square.广场的每一边都种有树。【说明】each可用于两者或多者，而every只用于多者，因此用于两者时只能用each，不能用every。十、复合不定代词的用法特点复合不定代词包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone等。它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语
16、。使用时注意以下几点：(1) something, someone等和anything, anyone等的区别与some和any的区别一样，前者一般用于肯定句，后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。(2)复合不定代词受定语修饰时，定语应放在它们后面：Tell us something interesting.给我们讲点有趣的事。(3)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their：Everyone knows this, doesnt he dont t
17、hey?人人都知道这一点，不是吗?(4)指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用it，而不用they：Everything is ready, isnt it?一切都准备好了，是吗?十一、不定代词与部分否定不定代词all, both, every等与not连用时构成部分否定；若要表示完全否定，则需换用none, neither, no one等。比较：All of the students have read it.所有这些学生都读过它。Not all of the students have read it.并不是所有这些学生都读过它。巩固练习1.选择最佳答
18、案填空：(1) He is cleverer than _. He can do it better than _ do.A. me, meB. I, meC. me, ID. I, mine(2) Look, the chair has lost one of _legs.A. hisB. herC. itsD. its(3) Her parents were inLondon, and so were _.A. heB. himC. hisD. hes(4) I want to finish it _. I wont ask for help.A. yourselfB. myselfC.
19、ourselvesD. ourselfs(5) Weve lost all our money. _ shall we do?A. HowB. WhatC. WhereD. Why(6) “Whose are you going to borrow?” “Marys.”A. WhoB. WhatC. WhoseD. Where(7) _ do you prefer, this one or that one?A. HowB. WhyC. WhatD. Which(8) Money is important, but it isnt _.A. anythingB. somethingC. eve
20、rythingD. nothing(9) He has made up his mind and _ can make him change it.A. anythingB. everythingC. nothingD. somethng(10) Some of us agree, _ dont.A. someB. anyC. no oneD. other(11) If you need money，Ill lend you _.A. someB. anyC. everythingD. anything(12) He is older than any of _ boys in his cla
21、ss.A. the othersB. othersC. the otherD. other(13) “Lend me some money.” “Didnt he give you _?”A. someB. anyC. no oneD. other(14) Only _ of the children can answer this question.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little(15) The fish is delicious. Try and eat _.A. fewB. a fewC. littleD. a little(16) I dont l
22、ike it. Take it _.A. bothB. eachC. noneD. all(17) Two boys entered. _ was given an apple.A. BothB. EachC. AllD. Every(18) _ of my parents agrees with me.A. BothB. AllC. EveryD. Either(19) Its difficult to tell the twins one from _.A. the otherB. otherC. othersD. the others(20) Ill be ready soon. Please wait for me _ five minutes.A. othersB. otherC. anotherD. the others参考答案：1. (1)(5) CCCBB(6)(10) CDCCA(11)(15) ACABD(16)(20) DBDAC学科网（北京）股份有限公司