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1、高考英语应用文写作讲义：生活类主题词经济社会类1.shorten/narrow the gap between the rural and urban areas缩小城乡差距2.narrow the gap between the wealthy and the needy缩小贫富差距3.enhance citizens standard of living提升居民生活水平4.the number ofrural and urbannetizensin China中国城市与农村网民数量的变化5.changes ofpopulation shoppingonline/ at the online
2、 trade show roomin China我国网络购物/观看直播购物人数变化6.the development ofsharing economyin China我国共享经济的发展情况7.the global consumptionofelectric cars全球电动汽车消费情况8.the proportion ofcitizens travelling methodsin a Chinese city (public transportationbuses/subways, private cars, bicycles/ bikes, taxies, shuttle buses, w
3、alking)我国某市公民出行方式比例（公共交通-公交车/轨道交通，私家车，自行车，出租汽车，班车，步行）升格主题词：market share市场份额industryn.工业；行业developing countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家manufacturern.制造商brandn.品牌the domestic market国内市场the competitive edge竞争力；竞争优势urbanadj. 城市的ruraladj. 农村的urbanizationn. 城市化population expansion人口规模膨胀medical care医疗s
4、tart ones own business创业；开公司economic globalization经济全球化mobile payment移动支付recession/bleeding economy经济不景气economic/financial crisis经济/金融危机economic recovery经济复苏economic prosperity/boom经济繁荣delayed retirement延迟退休the family planning policy/ the one-child policy计划生育政策spur/stimulate economic development刺激经济
5、发展hinder/impede economic development阻碍经济发展job market就业市场look for/hunt for/seek a job找工作part-time jobs 兼职工作job seeker求职者a tough job market严峻的就业形势unrealistic salary expectations不切实际的薪资期望pursue a high-paid job追求高薪工作the lack of practical experience/practical abilities/vocational skills/career skills没有或缺
6、乏实践经验/实践能力/职业技能lose ones job/be unemployed失业unemploymentn.失业人数generate/create job opportunities/employment opportunities创造/提供就业机会career guidance就业指导the demand exceeds the supply供不应求turn loss into gains转亏为盈to stabilize prices稳定物价unfair competition不正当竞争fierce/intense/furious competition激烈竞争fake and in
7、ferior product假冒伪劣产品after-sale service售后服务enterprise image企业形象brand effect品牌效应eliminate poverty消除贫困文化教育类1.the number ofstudents who attend the entrance exam for postgraduate candidatesin China within the past two decades二十年间中国考研人数变化2.the popularization of compulsory education义务教育的普及3.the transformat
8、ion from exam-oriented education to quality-oriented education 从应试教育到素质教育的转变4.develop students spirit of exploration through extra-curricular activities通过课外活动发展学生的探索精神5.Chinas great and profound traditional culture brings national pride中国博大精深的传统文化带来的民族自豪感6.the diversity of Chinese traditional cultur
9、e comes from the integration of different national cultures中国传统文化的多元化来自于不同民族文化的融合升格主题词：compulsory education义务教育life-long education终身教育exam/test-oriented education应试教育quality-oriented education素质教育comprehensive development of a child孩子的全面发展impart knowledge讲授知识to enrol new students录取新生intellectual pro
10、perty知识产权teach students according to their aptitude因材施教academic/theoretical knowledge学术/理论知识practical skills实用技能integrate theory with practice理论联系实际disconnect theory from practice理论脱离实际shape/mould ones character塑造性格extra-curricular activities课外活动the spirit of exploration探索精神cultivate creative/origin
11、al thinking培养创新思维stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity扼杀创造力dampen students interest in sth.挫伤学生对某事的兴趣opening ceremony开学典礼eliminate illiteracy扫盲drop out辍学assistantship助学金scholarship奖学金university graduates大学毕业生pursue post-graduate study/prepare for the national entrance examination for postgraduates考
12、研study abroad/go abroad for further education出国留学excessive/undue academic pressure过大的学习压力the burden of study/learning学习负担ease/relieve academic pressure缓解学习压力intensify academic pressure增强学习压力academic atmosphere学习气氛culture and civilization文化和文明The cultural blending/integration/fusion文化融合cultural excha
13、nges/interaction/interchange文化交流cultural diversity文化多元化cultural identity文化特性cultural treasures文化宝藏cultural heritage/legacy文化遗产cultural relics文物cultural facilities文化设施traditional Chinese culture/national culture民族(传统)文化alien/foreign culture外国文化Chinese cultural symbols中国文化的符号advocate/carry forward tra
14、ditional culture弘扬传统文化preserve and cherish traditions保存和珍惜传统undermine traditions破坏传统great and profound博大精深的local customs and practices风土人情cross-cultural communication跨文化交流spiritual civilization精神文明break with old customs抛弃传统hand down from generation to generation代代相传national pride民族自豪生活环保类1.the numbe
15、r of smoggy daysin the past five years近5年雾霾天数变化2.the volumeofwaste disposalinChina我国垃圾处理规模3.theforest coveragein China中国森林覆盖情况4.changesinthe volumeofglobalcarbon emission全球碳排放量变化5.Different exercising methods of residents in a certain city某市居民锻炼方式调查升格主题词：physical exercises体育锻炼well-balanced diet均衡饮食s
16、acrifice health牺牲健康junk food垃圾食品food additives食品添加剂go on a diet节食，减肥vaccinatev. 给接种疫苗infectious disease/illness传染病chronic disease/illness慢性病non-acclimatization水土不服short-sightednessn.近视malnutritionn. 营养不良environment-friendlyadj.生态环保的conserve natural habitats保护生存环境animal rights activist动物权益保护者natural
17、reserve自然保护区natural resources自然资源energy conservation and environmental protection节能环保biodiversityn. 生物多样性extinctionn. 灭绝greenhouse effect温室效应develop renewable resources开发可再生资源low-carbon economy低碳经济biodegradableadj. 可生物降解的environment-friendly(eco-friendly) products环保产品household garbage生活垃圾waste sorti
18、ng/garbage classification垃圾分类motor vehicle pollution汽车尾气污染reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles减少汽车尾气排放public transport公共交通create pleasant living environment创造怡人的生活环境air pollution空气污染discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas排放有毒气体toxic waste有毒废物industrial waste工业废物sewage treatment污水处理精神品格类1.Blind w
19、orship of western medicine may lead to health concerns对西医的盲目崇拜可能会导致健康问题2.To a large extent, your state of mind determines your mental health很大程度上，你的心态决定了你的心理健康3.Teamwork is an essential part of work团队合作是工作中必不可少的一环4.Strengthening collaboration can increase creativity增强合作可以提升创造力5.physiological health
20、status of residents in a certain city某市居民生理健康状况升格主题词：blind/irrational worship of.对盲目/非理性的崇拜physical health/fitness/well-being生理健康mental/psychological health/fitness/well-being心理健康improve/enhance physical(psychological) health增进生理(心理)健康hurt/damage physical(psychological)health损害生理(心理)健康health concern
21、健康问题state of health健康状况sub-healthn.亚健康public health公共卫生state of mind心态team spirit团队精神teamworkn.团队合作strengthen cooperation增强合作cultivate the sense of teamwork培养团队意识optimismn.乐观pessimismn.悲观patiencen.耐心persistence / perseverancen.恒心/毅力/坚持give up halfway半途而废endeavor to do sth./ strive to do sth./do ones
22、 utmost to do sth努力做某事self-dependence/self-reliance/independencen.独立; 自立innovationn.创新creativityn.创造力critical thinking批判性思维self-confidencen. 自信strong-willedadj.意志坚强的honestyn. 诚信respect the old and care for the young尊老爱幼curiosityn. 好奇心spirit of the craftsman/craftsmans spirit/craftsmanship spirit工匠精神strive for the best/strive for excellence精益求精学科网（北京）股份有限公司