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1、2022高考英语语法及写作基础专题一（基本句型）基本句型1主谓结构此句式常用来表示主语的动作或状态。其特点是句子的谓语动词能表达完整的意思,这类动词被称为不及物动词,后面可以接副词、介词短语、状语从句等。All the suggestions mentioned above really matter.上述所提及的建议的确很重要。赛跑从学校门口开始。 基本句型2主谓宾结构此句式的句型特点为谓语动词均为及物动词,是主语发出的动作,但是不能表达完整的意思,其后必须接一个宾语(宾语可以是名词、代词、动词-ing形式或不定式),即动作的承受者,才能表达完整的意思。All these tradition
2、al Chinese culture heritages have left a far-reaching influence on the Chinese lifestyles.所有这些中国传统文化遗产对中国人的生活方式产生了深远的影响。说实话,他极大的耐心和帮助对我有巨大的影响。 我定会永远记住他的善良与帮助。 基本句型3主系表结构此句式就是我们常提到的主系表结构。该句式侧重说明主语是什么或怎么样,其中谓语动词需用系动词,表语多是形容词,也可以是名词、介词短语、不定式或动词-ing形式等。Confucius Institute may be a good choice for an exc
3、hange student.对于一名交换生而言孔子学院可能是一个不错的选择。【秒杀1】50岁的张老师是我最喜欢的英语老师。 他是那么的有学问、幽默并且负责任,以至于我非常尊敬爱戴他。 基本句型4主谓宾宾结构此句式中的谓语动词必须接两个宾语才能表达完整的意思,其中一个是表示人的间接宾语,另一个是表示物的直接宾语。一般情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后。Ive decided to buy my mother a worthy gift.我决定给我妈妈买一件配得上她的礼物。首先,我们老师告诉我们劳动的重要性及社会活动的意义。 【秒杀2】这次比赛给了我们一个好机会,让我们对耐力有了更好的理解。 基本
4、句型5主谓宾补结构此句式中的动词虽然是及物动词,但只接一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须再加上一个成分来对宾语进行补充说明,这样才能使意思完整。宾语补足语直接跟在宾语后面,补充说明宾语的情况。With my deskmates help,I at last found it easy to work out the problem.在我同桌的帮助下,我最后发现很容易就算出那道题了。同时,几个女孩唱起了动听的歌曲,这让我们感觉轻松多了。 我写信邀请你和我一起参加这个节日。(2019全国卷,书面表达) 基本句型6There be句型There be句型用以表示在某处存在某人或某物,其基本结构是“T
5、here be+主语”,be的人称和数一般和后面的主语保持一致。There are many foreign students studying Chinese now.现在有许多外国学生在学汉语。我们看到除了树什么也没有剩下。 首要的是,将会有大量的活动。 基本句型7主从复合句1.名词性从句(1)I wonder whether/if.我想知道是否我想知道你是否有空来和我分享这一快乐的时刻。 (2)What impressed/surprised/shocked me most was that.最使我印象深刻/惊讶/震惊的是最使我印象深刻的是他们从不丧失信心。 最令我们感到惊喜的是那些农民
6、大为称赞我们所做的事。 (3)It is+important/necessary/strange that.重要的/必需的/奇怪的是对排名保持客观态度是很有必要的。 (4)That/This/It is why/because.那/这就是为什么/因为我特别喜欢篮球,这是因为它一直使我有能力面对生活中的挑战。 那就是我认为长江之行是一个更好的选择的原因。 2.状语从句(1)when/while当的时候【秒杀1】当谈及你必须要带走的东西,一些适合夏天的衣服和一把雨伞是必须的。 吃饭时我告诉父母我们在农场所做的事。 (2)on condition that.在条件/前提下;如果我会把这本书借给你,前
7、提是你不把它弄脏。 (3)each/every time每次,每当每次想起那伤感的往事时,我就觉得非常对不起我的母亲。 (4)the first time第一次第一次看见你时,我就意识到好像以前在哪里见过你。 (5)as soon as/the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly一就我们一到那儿就开始帮助农民收割西瓜,农民对此表示赞赏。 (6)as/so long as只要下午,我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马,他说只要我父亲和我一起去,就可以。 (7)providing/provided/suppose/supposing (that
8、).如果;假如假如没有干净的水,我们喝什么? (8)before在之前;还没来得及就;才直到把所有苹果都摘完我们才意识到天黑了。 (9)(ever) since自从最重要的是,作为一个中国人,我从小就接触中国文化,尤其是中国画。 (10)as当时候;一边一边;随着除夕,我们一边聊天,一边包饺子。 3.定语从句(1)as you can see in.正如你在中看到的那样正如你在图画中所看到的那样,外面刮风下雨,而温室里的花却长势良好。 (2)as sb. put(s) it.正如某人所说的那样正如我们教练常说的那样,只要我们坚持,一切皆有可能。 (3)as we all know./as is
9、 known to all.众所周知众所周知,音乐可以影响我们的情感、思想和行为。 (4)which引导非限制性定语从句,意为“这”我很高兴得知您在暑假期间将参观北京、天津和上海,它们都是迷人的旅游城市。 (5)one of the+最高级+复数名词+定语从句中的一个我建议你申请上北京大学,这是曾经培育出无数杰出人才的中国最好的大学之一。 基本句型8it强调句型it可用于强调句,用以强调句子中除谓语外的几乎所有成分。(1)It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他是茶馆见证了我们所有人真正愉快的时光。 (2)It is/was not until.that.直到八点钟,他才意识到自己一整天
10、都在上网。 (3)主语+谓语+特殊疑问词+it is/was+that+其他.你能告诉我你到底为什么要当一名志愿者吗? 我们不知道古人到底是如何建造起这些庞大的建筑的。 参考答案：基本句型1主谓结构The race started/starts from the school gate.基本句型2主谓宾结构【秒杀1】Honestly speaking,his great patience and assistance have a great impact on me.【秒杀2】Ill definitely remember his kindness and help forever.基本句型
11、3主系表结构【秒杀1】Mr Zhang,aged 50,is my favourite English teacher.【秒杀2】He is so knowledgeable,humorous and responsible that I respect and love him so much.基本句型4主谓宾宾结构【秒杀1】First,our teacher told us the importance of labour and the meaning of the social activity.【秒杀2】This race gives us a good opportunity to
12、 have a better understanding of endurance.基本句型5主谓宾补结构【秒杀1】Meanwhile,several girls sang some sweet songs,which made us feel less exhausted/more relaxed.【秒杀2】I am writing to invite you to participate in the festival with me.基本句型6There be句型【秒杀1】There was nothing left in our sight but the trees.【秒杀2】 Fi
13、rst and foremost, there will be a great many activities.基本句型7主从复合句1.(1)I wonder whether you are available to come and share this joyful moment with me.(2)【秒杀1】What impressed me most was that they never lost heart.【秒杀2】 What surprised us most was that the farmers praised us for what we had done.(3)It
14、 is necessary to hold an objective attitude towards ratings.(4)【秒杀1】I am particularly fond of basketball.Its because it has been giving me strength to confront the challenge in my life.【秒杀2】Thats why I think the trip along the Yangtze River will be a better choice.2.(1)【秒杀1】When it comes to the obje
15、cts you have to take, some clothes suitable for summer and an umbrella are needed.【秒杀2】While having dinner, I told my parents what we had done on the farm.(2)Ill lend this book to you on condition that you keep it clean.(3)Every time I think about the sad experience,I feel very sorry for my mother.(
16、4)The first time I saw you,I realized I seemed to have met you somewhere before.(5)The moment we arrived there, we started to help the farmers harvest watermelons, for which the farmers praised us.(6)In the afternoon, I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride, and he said yes, as long as my da
17、d went with me.(7)Supposing that there is no clean water,what shall we drink?(8)We didnt realise it had been dark before we finished picking all the apples.(9)Most importantly,as a Chinese,I have been exposed to Chinese culture especially Chinese paintings since I was a little child.(10)On New Years
18、 Eve,we make dumplings as we talk.3.(1)As you can see in the drawing,it is windy and rainy outside,and yet the flower in the greenhouse is at its best.(2)As our coach often puts it,everything is possible if we stick to it.(3)As is known to all,music can influence our emotions,thoughts and behaviors.(4)Im more than delighted to know that you are going to visit Beijing,Tianjin and Shanghai,which are charming tourist cities,during summer vacations.(5)I suggest you apply for Peking University,one of the best universities in China that have cultivated countless brilliant talents.