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1、 语语法法专题专题六六动词动词和和动词动词短短语语1.考考查动词词义查动词词义辨析以及辨析以及动词动词特有的句型特有的句型结结构。构。2动动词词和和主主语语或或者者是是宾宾语语的的搭搭配配。有有时时只只从从句句子子的的内内容容来来看看,几几个个选选项项似似乎乎都都合合适适,但但只只要要从从词词的的搭搭配配上上一一看便可以得出答案。看便可以得出答案。3动动词词短短语语。很很多多动动词词与与介介词词或或副副词词连连在在一一起起构构成成固固定定的的搭搭配配从从而而形形成成动动词词短短语语或或短短语语动动词词,不不能能随随意意更更改改。如如:make out,make up,make off,make
2、 over,make into;give up,give in,give away,give out,give off,etc.而而这这些些短短语语的的辨辨析析,也也备备受受历历年年高高考考命命题题者者的的青青睐睐。近近年年高高考考对对动动词词和和动动词词短短语语含含义义的的挖挖掘掘和和拓拓宽宽也也是是一一个个热热点点。因因此此对对于于某某些些常常用用动动词词,不不能能仅仅记记忆忆其其在在教教材材上上的的意意思思,还还得得留留心心它它们们的的其其他他引引申申意意义义。如如:take off除除了了表表示示“脱脱下下(衣衣物物)”,还还有有“(飞飞机机的的)起起飞飞”,“突突然然离离去去”,“取
3、取消消”,“减减去去”等等含含义义。解解答答该该题题型型的的关关键键是是根根据据所所给给动动词词短短语语的的意意思思,结结合合题题意意作作出出正正确确选选择择。在在平平时时的的学学习习中中应应特特别别注注意意多多积积累一些累一些习惯习惯用用语语。1.(2009江江西西)It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of the two missing children.A.look uponB.look afterC.look into D.look out2(2009四四 川川)How about your journey to Mo
4、unt Emei?Everything was wonderful except that our car _ twice on the way.A.slowed down B.broke downC.got down D.put down3(2009四川四川)Have you _?No.I had the wrong number.A.got in B.got awayC.got off D.got through4(2009浙浙江江)Practising Chinese kung fu can not only _ ones strength,but also develop ones c
5、haracter.A.bring up B.take upC.build up D.pull up5(2009江江苏苏)Im surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _.So am I.They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A.broken up B.finished upC.divided up D.closed up6(2009天天津津)Sorry,I have to _ now.Its time for class.OK,Ill call back later.A.hang up
6、 B.break upC.give up D.hold up7(2009安安徽徽)We tried to find a table for seven,but they were all _.A.given away B.kept awayC.taken up D.used up8(2009福福 建建)The Somali robbers frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to _ all nations to take immediate action.A.fight for B.apply forC.call on D
7、.wait on9(2009山山东东)Amy joined a painting group but didnt seem to _,so she left.A.show off B.go upC.fit in D.come over10(2009陕陕西西)A notice was _ in order to remind the students of the changed lecture time.A.sent up B.given upC.set up D.put up11(2009湖湖北北)During the war there was a serious lack of food
8、.It was not unusual that even the wealthy families had to _ bread for days.A.eat up B.give awayC.do without D.deal with12(2009湖湖北北)Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A.look around B.look intoC.look up D.look through13(2009全全国国)I tried phoning her office,but
9、 I couldnt _.A.get along B.get onC.get to D.get through14(2009浙浙江江)The good thing about children is that they _ very easily to new environments.A.adapt B.appealC.attach D.apply15(2009天天 津津)Dont worry if you dont understand everything.The teacher will _ the main points at the end.A.recover B.reviewC.
10、require D.remember16(2009安安 徽徽)Just as Professor Scotti often _ it,success is ninetynine percent mental attitude.A.gets B.makesC.puts D.means17(2009福福 建建)We are at your service.Dont _ to turn to us if you have any further problems.A.beg B.hesitateC.desire D.seek18(2009山山东东)Do you have enough to _ al
11、l your daily expenses?Oh yes,enough and to spare.A.cover B.spendC.fill D.offer19(2009湖湖 北北)Some parents are just too protective.They want to _ their kids from every kind of danger,real or imagined.A.spot B.dismissC.shelter D.distinguish20(2009湖湖北北)The loss has not yet been _ accurately,but it is bel
12、ieved to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.A.calculated B.consideredC.completed D.controlled21(2009全全国国)If you leave the club,you will not be _ back in.A.received B.admittedC.turned D.moved22(2009全全国国)Encourage your children to try new things,but try not to _ them too hard.A.draw B.strikeC.ru
13、sh D.push23(2009武武汉汉调调研研)There was a large box behind the door and Peter couldnt _ falling over it in the dark.A.help B.resistC.avoid D.prevent24(2009金金丽丽衢衢十十二二校校联联考考)Take care during the holidays!Drinking too much can _ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.A.contribute to B.relate toC.attend
14、 to D.devote to25(2009金金丽丽衢衢十十二二校校联联考考)Little Tom,you have to _ your manners at your uncles or I wont take you there.A.watch B.mindC.care D.notice26(2009泉泉 州州 毕毕 业业 班班 质质 检检)He looked around nervously to _ that there was nobody following him.A.defend B.confirmC.doubt D.insist27(2009苏苏锡锡常常镇镇四四市市教教学学调
15、调查查)Any advice on how to protect pupils eyesight?Its helpful for them not to _ bright light.A.look on B.look intoC.look for D.look through28(2009南南 京京 调调 研研)We cant _ our fate.Instead,we should take a positive attitude to the present situation.A.submit to B.correspond toC.subscribe to D.compromise t
16、o29(2009南京调研南京调研)Shall I _ the raincoat?No hurry.Leave it _ it is.It looks like rain.A.put on;there B.put on;whereC.put away;in the plac D.put away;where30(2009石石家家庄庄毕毕业业班班教教学学质质检检)Youd better fly somewhere in the west.Then you can _ a hire car and travel around.A.take up B.get upC.pick up D.turn up
17、31(2009湖湖南南十十校校联联考考)Well _ little Jim _ in our cottage,for its getting dark.A.put;away B.put;offC.fix;up D.put;down32(2009东东北北三三校校联联合合模模拟拟)Have you heard that he was admitted into Beijing University?Is that true?Im glad that his efforts at last _.A.worked out B.paid offC.turned out D.paid for33(2009
18、西西安安八八校校联联考考)Hell _ most of his fortune to the poor after he is retired,just as Bill Gates did.A.give away B.give inC.give out D.give up34(2009西西 安安 八八 校校 联联 考考)This is absolutely daylight robbery.How much did that socalled teacher _ for her teaching out of class?A.spend B.payC.cost D.charge35(2009宜
19、宜昌昌调调研研)His reliable words so warmed her heart that a strong feeling of thanks began to _ her.A.put up with B.throw light uponC.take possession of D.break away from36(2009宜宜昌昌调调研研)“Dont touch the live wire.Otherwise youll get _,”the mother warned the naughty boy.A.beaten B.bouncedC.absorbed D.shocke
20、d37(2009黄黄冈冈质质检检)Their bright eyes and smiling faces _ the impression that they were very excited.A.determined B.conveyedC.shaped D.functioned38(2010吉吉林林省省高高三三模模拟拟)Its perfectly normal to be a bit nervous at first,but youll _ it once you start your presentation.A.get off B.get acrossC.get over D.get
21、 through39(2009无无锡锡质质检检)Unless my room is warmer tonight,Im going to _ to the hotel manager.A.argue B.regretC.complain D.pretend40(2009聊聊城城期期末末)Since the outline has been made,lets _ the details.A.look up to B.put up withC.get down to D.come up with答案答案1C。考考查查词词组组辨辨析析。句句意意:据据报报道道,警警方方将将很很快快调查调查失踪的两个
22、孩子的案件。此失踪的两个孩子的案件。此处处look into表示表示“调查调查”。2B。考考查查动动词词短短语语的的辨辨析析。break down“(车车等等)出出故故障障,谈谈判判破破裂裂,(身身体体健健康康等等)垮垮掉掉,(计计算算机机等等)崩崩溃溃,分分解解等等”。slow down“减减速速”;get down“从从下下来来,下下车车”;put down“写写下下,记记下下,镇镇压压,放放下下”。句句意意:“峨峨眉眉山山之之行行怎怎样样?”“除除了了路路上上车车出出了了两两次次问问题题外外,一一切切都都很很好好。”3D。考考查查短短语语动动词词的的辨辨析析。get through“接接
23、通通电电话话,完完成成,到到达达,通通过过”。get in“进进入入,收收割割,插插入入(话话)”;get away“逃逃脱脱,离离开开”;get off“(从从)下下来来,出出发发,下下班班,逃逃脱脱惩惩罚罚”。由由答答语语“没没有有,号号码码有有误误”可可知知选选D,表表“电电话话接通了接通了吗吗?”。4C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意:练练中中国国功功夫夫不不但但能能增增强强体体质质,还还能能培培养养一一个个人人的的品品质质。build up ones strength“增增强强体体力力”符符合合语语意意。bring up“提提出出,养养育育”;take up“占去,占去,
24、继续继续”;pull up“(使使)停下停下(住住)”。5A。考考查查动动词词短短语语。根根据据对对话话可可知知两两人人对对Sue与与Paul的的关关系系破破裂裂都都很很惊惊讶讶。break up“(婚婚姻姻)关关系系破破裂裂”,符合符合题题意。意。6A。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。由由空空后后的的“该该上上课课了了”和和答答语语中中的的call back可可知知这这里里表表示示“我我得得挂挂电电话话了了”,故故选选A。hang up“挂挂掉掉电电话话”。又又如如:I am sorry I have to hang up now.Someone is knocking at the do
25、or.对对不不起起,我我得得挂挂电电话话了了,有有人人敲敲门门。break up“停停止止,散散开开,分分成成小小块块,拆拆开开,分分解解,衰衰弱弱,(精精神神)崩崩溃溃”;give up“放放弃弃”;hold up“举举起,耽起,耽搁搁,延,延迟迟”。7C。考考查查动动词词短短语语。give away“泄泄露露(秘秘密密),赠赠送送”;keep away“远远离离”;take up“举举起起,拿拿起起,占占据据,从从事事”;use up“用用完完,耗耗尽尽”。句句意意:我我们们努努力力寻寻找找一一张张能容能容纳纳七个人吃七个人吃饭饭的桌子,但是的桌子,但是这这些桌子都被占了。些桌子都被占了。
26、8C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。fight for“为为而而战战斗斗”;apply for“申申请请”;call on“号号召召”;wait on“服服侍侍”。句句意意:索索马马里里海海盗盗在在海海上上频频繁繁的的袭袭击击促促使使联联合合国国号号召召所所有有的的国国家家立刻采取行立刻采取行动动。9C。考考查查动动词词短短语语。show off“炫炫耀耀,使使突突出出”;go up“上上涨涨,提提高高,增增加加”;fit in“相相处处融融洽洽,合合得得来来”;come over“过过来来,顺顺便便拜拜访访”。句句意意:艾艾米米参参加加了了一一个个绘绘画画组组,但但是是似似乎乎(和和那那
27、些些人人)合合不不来来,所所以以她她又又退退了了出出来来。显显然然C项项符合句意。符合句意。10D。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。send up“使使上上升升”;give up“放放弃弃”;set up“竖竖立立,创创立立”;put up“挂挂起起,张张贴贴”。句句意意:为为了了提提醒醒学学生生变变更更的的演演讲讲时时间间,一一个个通通知知被被张张贴贴了了出来。出来。11C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意:战战争争时时期期缺缺少少食食品品,即即使使很很富富裕裕的的家家庭庭也也不不得得不不将将就就着着连连续续几几天天没没有有面面包包吃吃。用用do without表表示示“没没有有
28、勉勉强强也也行行;将将就就”。eat up“吃光吃光”;give away“赠赠送;告送;告发发”;deal with“处处理理”。12D。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。从从题题意意判判断断选选D表表示示“审审核核,仔仔细细查查看看”,句句意意:你你能能不不能能帮帮我我看看看看这这份份试试卷卷,看看有有没没有有明明显显的的错错误误?look around“环环顾顾,到到处处看看”;look into“调查调查,浏览浏览”;look up“查查找,向上看找,向上看”。13D。考考查查动动词词词词组组。get along“相相处处融融洽洽,进进展展”;get on“继继续续,进进行行,上上车车
29、”;get to“到到达达,开开始始”;get through“穿穿过过,通通过过,读读完完,打打通通(电电话话)”。句句意意:我我试试着着给给她她办办公公室室打打电电话话,但但是是没没有有打打通通。因因此此只只有有get through符合符合语语意。意。14A。考考查查短短语语辨辨析析。句句意意:关关于于孩孩子子们们,好好的的一一点点是是他他们们很很容容易易适适应应新新环环境境。adapt to“使使适适应应于于”;appeal to“对对有有吸吸引引力力”;attach to“(使使)相相关关”;apply to“运用,适用于运用,适用于”。根据。根据语语意,意,这这里里选选A项项。15
30、B。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:假假如如你你不不能能全全部部理理解解,不不要要担担心心,老老师师在在最最后后还还会会再再回回顾顾一一下下要要点点。review“复复习习,回回顾顾”符符合合句句意意。recover“重重新新获获得得,恢恢复复(健健康康、体体力、能力等力、能力等)”;require“要求要求”;remember“记记起起”。16C。考考查查动动词词与与代代词词it的的搭搭配配。make it“获获得得成成功功”;put it“表表达达”。句句意意:“正正如如Scotti教教授授经经常常所所说说的的,成成功是靠百分之九十九的心功是靠百分之九十九的心态态。17B。考考查查动动
31、词词辨辨析析。beg“乞乞求求”;hesitate“犹犹豫豫”;desire“渴渴望望”;seek“寻寻求求”。hesitate to do“犹犹豫豫着着做做某某事事”。句句意意:我我们们(随随时时)为为你你服服务务。如如果果你你还还有有什什么么问问题题,请请不要犹豫找我不要犹豫找我们们帮忙。帮忙。18A。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:你你有有足足够够的的钱钱来来支支付付你所有的日常开你所有的日常开销吗销吗?cover“足足够够支付,支付支付,支付”。19C。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。语语意意表表示示有有些些父父母母想想保保护护孩孩子子,以以使使孩孩子子免免遭遭受受任任何何实实际际的的或
32、或者者凭凭空空想想象象出出来来的的危危险险,shelter用用作作动动词词表表示示“庇庇护护;保保护护”,符符合合题题意意。spot“认认出,玷出,玷污污”;dismiss“开除开除”;distinguish“区区别别”。20A。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。根根据据“人人们们相相信信(损损失失)要要超超过过一一亿亿美美元元”,可可见见这这里里表表示示损损失失还还没没有有精精确确地地“计计算算”出出来来,用用calculate表示表示“计计算算”。21B。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:如如果果你你退退出出该该俱俱乐乐部部,人人家家就就不不会会重重新新接接受受你你。短短语语be admitte
33、d in/into表表示示“被被录录取,被接受取,被接受”,符合句意。,符合句意。22D。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:鼓鼓励励孩孩子子们们去去尝尝试试新新事事物物,但但是是尽尽量量不不要要强强迫迫他他们们。push含含有有“逼逼迫迫,敦敦促促”之之意。意。23C。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:门门后后面面有有个个大大箱箱子子,黑暗中黑暗中Peter难难免会被它免会被它绊绊倒。倒。24A。考考查查动动词词短短语语。contribute to“有有助助于于,对对起起作作用用”;relate to“有有关关,涉涉及及”;attend to“专专心心,注注意意,照照顾顾”;devote
34、to“把把献献给给,为为付付出出(时时间间、精力等精力等)”。语语境境说过说过度度饮饮酒可能引起心酒可能引起心脏脏病和高血病和高血压压。25B。mind your manners“注意你的礼貌注意你的礼貌”。26B。confirm“确确认认”。句句意意:他他紧紧张张地地环环顾顾四四周周,以以确确认认没没有有人人跟跟踪踪他他。defend“保保卫卫”;doubt“怀怀疑疑”;insist“坚坚持持”。27B。考考查查动动词词短短语语。look into“向向里里面面看看”,这这里与里与bright light连连用表示注用表示注视视强强光光(刺眼的光刺眼的光线线)。28A。考考查查动动词词词词组
35、组。submit to意意思思是是“屈屈从从于于”,根根据据题题干干内内容容可可知知,A项项符符合合题题意意,即即我我们们不不能能屈屈从从于于命命运。运。29D。put on“穿穿上上”;put away“将将某某物物收收起起来来以以备备再再用用”。根根据据答答语语内内容容可可知知,第第一一空空应应该该选选put away;根根据句子据句子结结构可知,第二空构可知,第二空选选where。30C。考考查查动动词词词词组组辨辨析析。take up“拿拿起起,抱抱起起,占占据据,接接受受,继继续续”;get up“起起床床,站站起起来来”;pick up“捡捡起起,学学会会,看看到到,振振作作,搭搭
36、载载”;turn up“向向上上,出出现现,开开大大,扭扭亮亮(灯灯火火等等),加加快快(速速度度等等),发发生生”。句句意意:你你最最好好乘乘飞飞机机去去西西部部,然然后后,租租一一辆辆汽汽车车到到各各处处观观光光。只只有有pick up符合符合语语境。境。31C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。依依据据语语境境“我我们们将将把把小小吉吉姆姆安安置置在在我我们们的的小小屋屋,因因为为天天要要黑黑了了”可可知知,此此处处应应用用fix up“安安排排,安安顿顿,决决定定,解解决决”。put away“放放好好,处处理理掉掉,储储存存以以备备用用”;put off“推推迟迟,拖拖延延,延延期期
37、”;put down“放下,放下,记记下下”。32B。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。此此处处pay off“成成功功,奏奏效效,达达到到目目的的”,是是不不及及物物动动词词短短语语。work out“计计算算出出,解解决决”;turn out“结结果果是是”;pay for“偿偿还还,付付款款”,都都不不符符合所合所给语给语境。境。33A。考考查查动动词词词词组组辨辨析析。give away“赠赠送送,分分送送,颁颁发发,放放弃弃(机机会会)”;give in“屈屈服服,投投降降,退退让让(to)”;give out“用用完完,散散发发,公公布布,发发表表,耗耗尽尽”;give up“放放
38、弃弃,认认输输,抛抛弃弃,停停止止(做做某某事事)”。句句意意:在在他他退退休休之之后后,他他要要像像比比尔尔盖盖茨茨那那样样把把大大部部分分的的财财产产捐捐赠赠给给穷穷人人。只只有有give away合乎合乎语语境。境。34 D。考考 查查 动动 词词 辨辨 析析。charge.for(doing)something“某物某物(做某事做某事)要价多少要价多少”,为习惯为习惯搭配。搭配。35C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。put up with“忍忍受受,容容忍忍”;throw light on“使使了了解解,使使更更清清楚楚”;take possession of“获获得得,占占有有,
39、占占据据”;break away from“突突然然离离开开,脱脱离离,逃逃跑跑”。句句意意:他他可可信信的的话话语语温温暖暖了了她她的的心心,一一种种强强烈烈的的感感激激的的心心情情占占据据了了她她(的的心心)。只只有有take possession of合乎合乎语语境。境。36 D。考考 查查 动动 词词 辨辨 析析。beat“敲敲 打打,打打 败败”;bounce“反反弹弹,弹弹起起,跳跳起起,突突然然袭袭击击”;absorb“吸吸收收,使使全全神神贯贯注注”;shock“震震动动,受受电电击击”。句句意意:妈妈妈妈警警告告这这个个调调皮皮的的男男孩孩子子,“不不要要触触摸摸带带电电的的
40、电电线线,否否则则你你会会遭遭到到电电击击的的。”touch the live wire暗暗示示结结果果将将是是get shocked。“get过过去分去分词词”表示被表示被动动,强强调动调动作的作的发发生。生。37B。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。句句意意:他他们们愉愉悦悦的的眼眼睛睛和和脸脸上上的的笑笑容容给给人人的的印印象象是是他他们们很很兴兴奋奋。用用convey表表示示“传传达达(思思想想、感感情情等等)”。determine“决决定定”;shape“塑塑造造”;function“运运转转”。38C。考考查查动动词词短短语语辨辨析析。语语境境说说,一一旦旦开开始始陈陈述述,你你就就会会克
41、克服服这这种种紧紧张张感感。这这里里用用get over表表示示“克克服服(困困难难),从从中中恢恢复复”。get off“下下车车/船船,脱脱掉掉(衣衣服服)”;get across“(使使)通通过过,(使使)被被理理解解,把把讲讲清清楚楚”;get through“到达,使通到达,使通过过,穿,穿过过”。39C。考考查查动动词词辨辨析析。除除非非我我的的房房间间今今晚晚温温暖暖些些,否否则则我我将将向向旅旅馆馆经经理理“投投诉诉”。假假如如选选择择A项项,须须把把空空白白后后的的to改改为为with;regret to后后要要用用动动词词,所所以以B项项错错误误;pretend意意为为“假假装装”,而而且且pretend to后后需需要要加加动动词词,所所以以D项项不正确。不正确。40C。考考查查短短语语辨辨析析。既既然然已已经经有有了了轮轮廓廓,就就要要“开开始始认认真真”讨讨论论细细节节问问题题。get down to表表示示“开开始始认认真真做做某某事事”,其其中中to是是介介词词。A项项表表示示“尊尊重重”;B项项表表示示“忍忍受受”;D项项表示表示“想出想出”。