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1、Unit 4 Transportation and DistributionText 1 Transportation ModeDialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsText 2 Distribution ManagementDialogue 2 Partial Shipment and TransshipmentText 1 Transportation ModeNew Words and Phrasesmovement n.移动，运动origin n.生产地，原产地consumption n.消费signific
2、ant adj.重大的，有意义的requirement n.需求，需要feature n.特点，特征characteristic n.特性，特征Text 1 Transportation Modecoal n.煤timber n.木材grain n.粮食，谷物haul n.拖拉，运输bulk adj.大批的，散装的environmental adj.环境的inflexibility n.不变性schedule n.时间表terminal n.终点站，终端Text 1 Transportation Modevehicle n.车辆，交通工具pollution n.污染congestion n.堵
3、塞，阻塞emerge v.显现，形成maritime adj.海运的，海上的canal n.运河tremendously adv.非常的，惊人的proportion n.部分，比例emergency n.紧急情况，紧急事件Text 1 Transportation Modeperishable adj.新鲜的，易腐烂的petroleum n.石油raw material 原材料production process 生产线finished goods 成品cost-effective 经济有效的door to door service 门到门运输服务in comparison to 与比较Tex
4、t 1 Transportation Mode【Part 1】What is transportation（什么是运输？）（什么是运输？）Every firm requires the movement of goods from the point to another point.Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption.It can involve raw materials being brought into the
5、production process or finished goods being shipped to the customer.Transportation is one of the most significant areas of logistics management.Railway,road,waterway,air,and pipeline transportation make up the major modes of transport in modern society.Each mode has its own requirements and features.
6、In the following paragraphs we look at some of the different characteristics of each transport mode.Text 1 Transportation Mode1.Transportation refers to the physical movement of goods from a point of origin to a point of consumption.It can involve raw materials being brought into the production proc
7、ess or finished goods being shipped to the customer.运输是指从生产地到消费地的物理性移动。具体包括了原材料运到生产线以及产成品运到消费者。Text 1 Transportation Mode【Part 2】Railway Transportation（铁路运输）（铁路运输）Rail offers cost-effective transport of large quantities of cargos over long distance.It is especially good for cargoes with high volume
8、and low value,such as coal,timber and grain.Over the past years rail usage has declined as road transport has taken over short haul business and water transport has taken bulk commodities freight.Rail transport is one of the most energy efficient modes of land transport.Environmental and safe consid
9、eration also favor rail over road transport.Text 1 Transportation Mode2Over the past years rail usage has declined as road transport has taken over short haul business and water transport has taken bulk commodities freight.近些年来，随着公路主要从事短途业务及水路主要从事大批量的散货运输，铁路的业务量逐年呈下降趋势。Text 1 Transportation Mode How
10、ever,the major disadvantages of railway are the inherent inflexibility of operation,fixed time schedules and service from terminal to terminal.Text 1 Transportation Mode【Part 3】Road Transportation（公路运输）（公路运输）Road transport is widely used in inland delivery of goods.This mode tends to be used for hig
11、her-value and lower-volume cargo over relatively short distance.It is capable of providing a door to door service.It has not any break in the journey to change from one vehicle to another.So it can be flexible enough to perform“just-in-time”delivery.Any work place in the country can be serviced by r
12、oad.Text 1 Transportation Mode The advantages of road transport are flexibility of both location and time and speed of delivery.With the development of road transport,new types of problem,such as a significant growth of fuel consumption,air pollution,traffic congestion and road accidents have emerge
13、d.Text 1 Transportation Mode3So it can be flexible enough to perform“just-in-time”delivery.所以公路运输足够灵活，完成准时制服务。4The advantages of road transport are flexibility of both location and time and speed of delivery.公路运输的优势是位置、时间和交货速度上的灵活性。Text 1 Transportation Mode【Part 4】Waterway Transportation（水路运（水路运输）输
14、）Waterway transportation includes maritime and river transportation.As the oldest mode of transport,waterway has developed considerably over the last decades.Waterway is utilized for large loads of low-value-per-unit goods.The carriers are specialized for internal river,canal transport,and internati
15、onal deep-sea ships.Text 1 Transportation Mode5Waterway is utilized for large loads of low-value-per-unit goods.水运主要适用于单位价值较低的大批量货物。Text 1 Transportation Mode It is the cheapest method of moving goods world wide.The main advantage of shipping industry lies in moving the vast quantities of cargo in o
16、ne ship.The main disadvantage is the speed of the ship which is very slow.Text 1 Transportation Mode【Part 5】Air Transportation（航空运输）（航空运输）Air transport has been increased tremendously and plays a more important role in global logistics than ever before.Air transport accounts for the smallest proport
17、ion of cargo transportation.Its growth rate in recent years is the highest among the modes of transport.It offers rapid and flexible delivery.The major advantage of air freight is the speed of travel.The longer the distance of the flight,the greater the time saving of the customer.Air transport is p
18、rimarily used for:Text 1 Transportation ModeEmergency transport of the critical itemsSpeedy transport of high-value,low-weight productsSpeedy transport of perishable itemsText 1 Transportation Mode6The longer the distance of the flight,the greater the time saving of the customer.飞行的距离越长，客户节约的时间就越多。7
19、Speedy transport of perishable items 新鲜货物的快速运输Text 1 Transportation Mode【Part 6】Pipeline Transportation（管道（管道运输）运输）The basic nature of pipeline is unique in comparison to all other modes of transport.Pipelines operate on a twenty-four-hour basis,seven days per week.Pipeline routes are practically un
20、limited.Pipelines are usually used to transit natural gas,petroleum and coal.Text 1 Transportation Mode8The basic nature of pipeline is unique in comparison to all other modes of transport.与其他运输方式相比，管道运输的特点独特。Text 1 Transportation ModeExercises Pair work：talking face to face,and think it over,discus
21、s the following questions.1Why is transportation important to the world?2How many kinds of transportation modes do you know?What are they?3What are the advantages of road transportation?Text 1 Transportation Mode4What are the disadvantages of air transportation?5What is the advantage of maritime tra
22、nsportation?6What kinds of commodity can be transported by pipeline?Text 1 Transportation Mode Fill in the blanks with the following words.1Waterway transport is the _ method of moving goods world wide.2In recent years air transport has played a _ role in global logistics.3Waterway transport include
23、s _ and river transportation.low important maritime feature door-to-doorunique cheap advantage proportion movementText 1 Transportation Mode4Transportation refers to the physical _ of goods from a point to another point.5Each transportation mode has its own requirements and _.6Railway is especially
24、good for cargoes with high volume and _ value.7Road transportation can provide _ delivery service.8The nature of pipeline is _ in comparison to all other modes of transport.Text 1 Transportation Mode9Air transport accounts for the smallest _ of cargo transportation.10The major _ of air freight is th
25、e speed of travel.Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsNew Words and Phrasessettle v.安排，解决document n.文件，单证prompt adj.迅速的，立即的commit v.委托，从事balance n.余额，剩下的effect v.实现，履行Stipulate v.指定，规定，约定Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation Conditionstramp n.不定期租船terms of payment 支付条
26、款partial shipment 分批装运shipping space 舱位declare a claim 索赔Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation Conditions(The following is a conversation between the Mr.Lin,the clerk in a logistics company and Amy,a customer of the company.)Amy：I am glad we have settled the terms of payment,Mr.Lin.When is
27、 the earliest shipment you can make?Lin：It usually takes us two months to delivery,and for a special order,it takes a little longer,three months.You know we should get the goods ready,make out the documents and book shipping space.Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsAmy：When is
28、 the exact shipping date?Lin：We can make prompt shipment by the end of June.Amy：I am afraid the date of shipment would be late for us Lin：The manufacturers are fully committed.They have no stock on hand.Amy：But prompt shipment is of great importance for us.Lin：I see.Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the
29、Transportation ConditionsAmy：After the arrival of the shipment,the flow of the goods through the marketing channel takes at least two or three weeks before the goods can reach us.Lin：Well,I see.We will contact the factory and see if they can manage to advance delivery by a month.Amy：That will be exc
30、ellent.Lin：How about partial shipment?We can ship whatever is ready to meet your urgent need instead of waiting for the whole lot to get ready.I propose that we can make delivery of 50 percent of goods in March and balance in early April.Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsAmy：
31、Your proposal is workable Lin：Another problem is the shipping space.Even we had the goods ready,I do not think we could ship them in March.Amy：I know there is a great demand on shipping lately.Lin：I was informed hat liner space for ChangCheng has been fully booked up to the end of March.Amy：Maybe tr
32、amps are still available.Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsLin：Anyhow we will try.We will ask China Shipping Co.,Ltd to meet our needs.Amy：In case you should fail to effect delivery within the stipulated time,we should have to declare a claim against you for the loss and rese
33、rve the right to cancel the contract.Amy：We know that.I assure you the shipment will be effected in time.Lin：Thank you for your cooperation.Amy：Not at all.Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsNotes1You know we should get the goods ready,make out the documents and book shipping s
34、pace.你知道，我们需要时间准备货物，制作单证，预定舱位。2We will contact the factory and see if they can manage to advance delivery by a month.我们将联系工厂，并看一下他们是否能提前一个月装运。3I was informed that liner space for ChangCheng has been fully booked up to the end of March.我接到通知“长城”号轮的班轮舱位在3月底前已被全部预定完毕。Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Tr
35、ansportation Conditions4In case you should fail to effect delivery within the stipulated time,we should have to declare a claim against you for the loss and reserve the right to cancel the contract.如果你们不能在规定的时间内装运，我们将针对损失提出索赔，并保留取消合同的权力。Dialogue 1 Negotiating about the Transportation ConditionsExerc
36、ises Oral Practice:practice the above dialogue with your partner until you can learn the lines by heart.Text 2 Distribution ManagementNew Words and Phraseslink n.连接点destine v.预定，指定supplier n.供给者，供应商efficient adj.有效率的，最经济的emphasis n.强调，重点collect v.集合，收集predominantly adv.压倒性的，主要的Text 2 Distribution Ma
37、nagementconsolidation n.联合，配货sort v.分类，分拣separate v.分离，隔离dispatch v.派遣，发送anticipate v.预期，预料complex adj.复杂的，合成的complexity n.复杂性documentation n.文件，单证Text 2 Distribution Managementvalue-added 增值in batches 分批地，成批地real time 实时order picking 订单拣选order fill 订单履行give rise to 导致，引起Text 2 Distribution Manageme
38、nt【Part 1】What is the Distribution Center?（什么是配送中心？）（什么是配送中心？）Distribution center is a logistics link.Its main function is to carry on physical distribution.In detail,it is a large and automated center destined to receive goods from various plants and suppliers,take order,fill them efficiently,and d
39、eliver goods to customers on time.Text 2 Distribution Management【Para 2】The difference between Distribution Centers and Warehouses（配送中心和仓库（配送中心和仓库的区别）的区别）Unlike a warehouse,however,its emphasis is on the moving of goods rather than on long-term storage center.It is located close to a major market.It
40、 can achieve to the rapid processing of orders and shipment of good to customers.The differences in detail are as follows:Text 2 Distribution Management Warehouses(Ws)handle most products in receiving,storing and shipping;while distribution centers(DCs)handle most products in receiving,picking,packa
41、ging and shipping.Ws perform a minimum of value-added activities(receive-store-ship generally in original forms),while DCs perform a great deal of value-added activities,e.g.,final assembly.Ws collect data in batches(generally receive and ship goods in batches),while DCs collect data in real time.Te
42、xt 2 Distribution ManagementWs store all products(slow or fast moving),while DCs hold predominantly high demand items.Ws focus on minimizing the operating costs to meet shipping requirements,while DCs focus on maximizing the profit impact of fulfilling customer delivery requirement.Text 2 Distributi
43、on Management【Para 3】Operation Flow of Distribution Center（配送中心的运作流程）（配送中心的运作流程）There are seven steps of operation flow in the distribution center.Goods consolidation：It refers to receive goods from various plants and suppliers.Storage：It refers to keep the goods in the warehouses.Text 2 Distributio
44、n ManagementOrder Picking：It refers to pick up the destined goods according to the orders.Purchase：It refers to make orders with the suppliers.Order fill：It refers to fill the orders.Sorting：It refers to put the goods into separated package according to the order.Distribution：It refers to dispatch t
45、he goods in the specific transportation mode.Text 2 Distribution Management【Para 4】Cost of Distribution（配送成本）（配送成本）Distribution is an important aspect of a companys marketing and production effort and the costs of distribution bear on the final delivered cost of any product.Transportation costs：The
46、most used mode of transportation is highway motor transport.But the cost of this mode is relatively high.Changing the location and the number of warehouses change transportation costs in unanticipated and complex ways.Text 2 Distribution ManagementStorage costs：To provide customer service through th
47、e companys chosen channels of distribution,some warehousing is required.The keeping of stocks gives rise to costs.Costs of production：It varies between locations,with the level of investment and with the volume of output.Production decisions must take account of distribution costs.Text 2 Distribution ManagementCommunications and data processing costs：It varies with the complexity of the distribution function and operation.This includes the level of customer service provided,order processing,inventory control and transport documentation.