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1、The PredicateUnit 2 Grammar阜南三中阜南三中郑之会郑之会Objectives1.明确谓语的概念；明确谓语的概念；2.复习动词谓语的用法；复习动词谓语的用法；2.辨认谓语的形式。辨认谓语的形式。Seacaptainsobservedthecloudsoverislands.Intheeveningnestingbirdsreturntolandandtheirnests.Foggathersatseaaswellasoverstreamsorrivers.Wiseseamenusedthewindstodirecttheirsailing.We call the red
2、 words Predicates.SotheVikingswouldobservethewindsbeforeandduringtheiroutwardorreturnjourneys.Nobodyknewthattheearthmovedwestwards15degreeseveryhour,butsailorsdidknowanapproximatemethodofcalculatinglongitudeusingspeedandtime.谓语表述主语的行为动作或所处的状态。通常放置在主语之后。谓语的中心词是限定动词，有人称、数的变化。及物动词及物动词不及物动词不及物动词连系动词连系动词
3、情态动词情态动词动词可分为动词可分为:需要跟有宾语的动词叫需要跟有宾语的动词叫及物动词及物动词。Childrenseekindependence.Thetrialraisedanumberofquestions.HehasalwayslikedMr.Philips.HemadetheshortestspeechIhaveeverheard.不需要跟宾语的动词叫不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词不及物动词。Herwholebodyached.Donaldwaslyingonthebed.Bobcoughedallnight.许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及许多动词往往既是不及物动词又是及物动词。物动
4、词。GusaskedmewhetherIdliketohavedinnerwithhim.Iaccepted.(vi.)Iacceptedtheinvitation.(vt.)Hepaintedeveryday.(vi.)Hepaintedvividportraitsoffriendsandacquaintances.(vt.)Fatherneversmokedordrankallhislife.(vi.)Hedrankagooddealofcoffee.(vt.)Atlastshethankedthemandleft.(vi.)AllIknowisthatMichaelandIneverle
5、ftthehouse.(vt.)谓语大体上可以分为两类：谓语大体上可以分为两类：简单谓语简单谓语和和复合谓语复合谓语。Theplanetakesoffat8butthismorningitmaybedelayedbythethickfogIhavetriedthiswaythreetimesandfailedthreetimes简单谓语简单谓语凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是凡是由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。什么时态、语态、语气，都是简单谓语。飞机八点起飞，但今天早晨可能会被大飞机八点起飞，但今天早晨可能会被大雾耽搁。雾耽搁。我用这种方法试了三次，失败
6、了三次。我用这种方法试了三次，失败了三次。复合谓语有两类：第一类是由情态动词+动词原型或动词不定式与另外的词构成；第二类是由“系动词+表语”构成。复合谓语复合谓语Iwouldliketoinviteallmyfriendstotheget-together.我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。我想邀请我所有的朋友去参加聚会。Theweathergetswarmer,andthedaysgetlonger.天气变的暖了，白天变的长了。天气变的暖了，白天变的长了。意义一致原则、语法一致原则和邻近原则。这三个原则常常发生矛盾，但当发生冲突时，意义一致原则为优先考虑的原则。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则
7、：英语中的主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：主语和谓语通常是从语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采取复数形式。语法一致原则语法一致原则1.MrBlackisawell-knownscientistonAIDS2.Thesebooksareintendedforchildrenundernineyearsold布莱克先生是著名艾滋病科学家。布莱克先生是著名艾滋病科学家。这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童这些书是专门为九岁以下的儿童设计的。设计的。Theoldareverywelltakencareofinourcity意义一致原则意义一致原则意义一致原则意
8、义一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是是指谓语动词的变化是以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。以主语所表达的单、复数概念而定。(theold指所有的老年人，指一类人，指所有的老年人，指一类人，指复数概念指复数概念)老年人在我们城市被照老年人在我们城市被照顾得很好。顾得很好。邻近一致原则是指谓语动词的变化是以靠近谓语动词的主语部分而定。邻近一致原则邻近一致原则NotJackbuthisparentsaretoblameforthehomeaccident(根据靠近谓语的主语根据靠近谓语的主语hisparents而定而定)不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事不是杰克而是他父母应为这个家庭事故受到责备。故受到责备。
9、1代词each和由every,some,no,any等构成的复合代词作主语，或主语中含有each,every,谓语需用单数。谓语需用单数的几种情形谓语需用单数的几种情形aEachofushasatape-recorder.bThereissomethingwrongwithmywatch.TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.2 当主语是一本书或一条格言时，当主语是一本书或一条格言时，谓语动词常用单数。谓语动词常用单数。一千零一夜一千零一夜是被英语爱好者是被英语爱好者所熟知的一本书。所熟知的一本书。3表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主
10、语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。(用复数也可，意思不变)Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.U Underlinethepredicatesinthesentences.nderlinethepredicatesinthesentences.1.JamesCookwasagreatEnglishnavigatorandPacificOceanexpeditionleader.2.Hehadnotonlyanoutstandingabilityinnavigationandexploration,butal
11、soarealconcernforsailorshealth.Hecarriedoutcompulsorydietaryreformsthatwerecopiedbymanyothershipcaptains.3.HehadledthreegreatPacificvoyagesduringhislife.4.InhisfirstPacificvoyagein1769,JamesCookroundedCapeHorn,thenspentsixmonthschartingNewZealand,andfinallyexploredandclaimedpossessionofeasternAustra
12、lia.5.In1772,CaptainCooksetsailtolookfora“theorizedgreatsoutherncontinent”.AlthoughtheycouldnotmanagetoreachtheAntarcticowingtotheice,hepredictedthatifitdidexist,itwouldhavetobeawasteland.6.In1776,CaptaincookstartedhisthirdPacificvoyage,searchingfortheNorthwestPassagefromthePacificOceantotheAtlantic
13、Ocean.Unfortunately,hewaskilledinadisputewithHawaiiannativesandhismensattemptattheNorthwestPassagewasunsuccessful.However,thisvoyageisstillrecognizedasespeciallysignificantinthehistoryofthediscoveryofthewestcoastofNorthAmerica.Atlast,wefoundourselvesinapleasantparkwithtreesprovidingshadeand_downtoea
14、tourpicniclunchA.sittingB.havingsatC.tositD.sat答案解析：本题考查并列谓语的选择。found与satdown应为并列谓语，而其余各项均为非谓语动词形式不能单独作谓语，解题时务必注意并列连词的作用。Professor Smith,along with hisassistants,_ on the projectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking答案解析：本题考查主谓一致用法。当“主语+alongwith/with/togetherwith+n./pro
15、n.”结构作主语时。其谓语动词的单复数应与主语保持一致。因ProfessorSmith作主语，故应用单数谓语动词isworking。Review复习谓语：复习谓语：1.谓语的定义；谓语的定义；2.谓语的类型（简单谓语和复合谓谓语的类型（简单谓语和复合谓语）；语）；3.主谓一致。主谓一致。Individual activity1.Apoetandartist_comingtospeaktousaboutChineseliteratureandpaintingtomorrowafternoon.(2006江苏江苏)A.isB.areC.wasD.wereQuiz I:Multiple choice
16、 2.Thecompanyhadabout20notebookcomputersbutonlyone-third_usedregularly.Nowwehave60working all day long.(2006浙 江)A.isB.areC.wasD.were3.Asurveyoftheopinionsofexperts_thatthreehoursofoutdoorexerciseaweek_goodforoneshealth.(2007江西)A.show;areB.shows;isC.show;isD.shows;are4.Welivedaybyday,butinthegreatthi
17、ngs,thetimeofdaysandweeks_sosmallthatadayisunimportant.(2007湖南)A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen5.Theperformance_nearlythreehours,butfewpeopleleftthetheatreearly.(2008全国I)A.coveredB.reachedC.playedD.lasted6.Thestoryofthehomelessorphanhas_sympathyfromthepublic.(2008上海春上海春)A.arousedB.attractedC.defendedD.a
18、dopted7.Theteachertogetherwiththestudents_discussingReadingSkillsthat_newlypublishedinAmerica.(2009四川四川)A.are;wereB.is;wereC.are;wasD.is;was8.ThepopulationofJiangsu_tomorethantwicewhatitwasin1949.Thefigureisnowapproaching74million.(2009江苏江苏)A.hasgrownB.havegrownC.grewD.aregrowing9.Barbaraiseasytorec
19、ognizeasshestheonlyoneofthewomenwho_eveningdress.(2010全国全国II)A.wearB.wearsC.haswornD.haveworn10.SuchpoetsasShakespeare_widelyread,ofwhoseworks,however,some_difficulttounderstand.(2010四川四川)A.are;areB.is;isC.are;isD.is;are1.Asyoucansee,thenumberofcarsonourroads_(keep)risingthesedays.2.Ihavetogotoworkb
20、ytaxibecausemycar_(repair)atthegarage.3.Whatweusedtothink_(be)impossibledoesseempossiblenow.keepsisbeingrepairedwasQuiz II:用括号内所给动词的适当形式用括号内所给动词的适当形式 填空。填空。4.Theuseofcreditcardsinplaceofcash_(increase)inrecentyears.5.Newton_(explain)themovementsofthemoonfromtheattractionoftheearth.6.SinceIwonthebigp
21、rize,mytelephonehasntstoppedringing.People_(phone)toaskhowIamgoingtospendthemoney.hasincreasedhasexplainedarephoningQuiz III:Translation1.昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。昨晚我做好了你的生日蛋糕。Imadeyourbirthdaycakelastnight.2.课上完了，我们回家吧。课上完了，我们回家吧。Schoolisover.Letsgohome.3.他看起来很忧愁。他看起来很忧愁。Helookedworried.4.地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。地球表面四分之三为水所覆盖。Threefourthsofthesurfaceoftheearthiscoveredwithwater.5.他们想得到的是大量的好书。他们想得到的是大量的好书。Whattheywanttogetareanumberofgoodbooks.6.我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。我父亲和他的同事曾去过北京。MyfatheraswellashisworkmateshasbeentoBeijing.FinishtheExercisesUSINGSTRUCTURESonPage62inyourWorkbooks.