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1、The Attributive Clause定语从句的概念v在复合句复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从从句句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先先行词行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词关系词。二、定语从句的关系词v引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词关系代词（在定语（在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）和关系关系副词副词（在定语从句中作状语）（在定语从句中作状语），常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作
2、用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。词 形先行词在句中作用关that人或物主,宾语系which物主,宾语who人主,宾语代whom人宾语词Whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定语关When(=介词介词+which)时间状语系Where(=介词介词+which)地点状语副how方式状语词Why(=for which)原因状语三、定语从句的分类v根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开定语从句主句与从句之间
3、有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法v1.that 既可以用于指人，也既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。宾语可省略。例如：vMary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）vThe coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）v .that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省
4、略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(that)I told you about.He is the man(that)I told you about.注意：介词提前时只能用注意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that。that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this t
5、he library from which you borrow books?from that that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)
6、先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。v(5)先
7、行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished.v(6)主句以主句以There be 引导时引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.v(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系表语時，关系代词用代词用that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，
8、关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?that和和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换在指物的情况下一般都可以互换,但在下列情况下但在下列情况下,一般用一般用which而不用而不用that。va.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：vWhats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？vb.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：vThis is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。vc.引
9、导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：vTom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。v例如：vThe building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）vThe film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）applethe redthe greenth
10、e smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe apple which is green is big.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is t
11、his the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat（山羊）（山羊）.The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the
12、book(which)you talked about last night.Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?Do you find the pen?I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语或宾语（与主语或宾语（与that指人时可替换）指人时可替换），whom只用作
13、宾语宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。v例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语，不可省略）vShe know the nurse(who/whom/that)we met yesterday.他认识我们昨天见到的那位护士。（作宾语，可省略）1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals thin
14、gs is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.当先行词是当先行词是those,she,he,they等代詞時等代詞時,关系代词用关系代词用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naugh
15、tyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round fa
16、ce is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the
17、 teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.The boy is in the lab.You want to talk to him.The boy(whom)you want to talk to is in the lab（实验室）（实验室）.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.This is the boy.I sit behind him.This is the boy(whom)I sit behind.This is th
18、e boy behind whom I sit.The lady stepped on his foot.He was dancing with the lady.The lady(whom)he was dancing with stepped on his foot.Do you know the man?You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The sci
19、entist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that she is wearing is new.which (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked wit
20、h.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.注意注意v：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：vThis is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。vPlease tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。vv（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来
21、的位置上。例如：vThis is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。v3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：vThe city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.The man who came here yesterday has come again.限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是先行词
22、在意义上不可缺少的定语，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句关系十分密切，句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。写时不用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句，这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。写时往往逗号分开。whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。w
23、hose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。互换使用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the cover is blue.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is
24、 the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was quickly taken to hospital.Her legs were badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,whose story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms King.I have told you her
25、 story.herThis teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the students.This teacher is liked by all the students.I work with her son.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair whose legs are broken isbeing repaired now.The chair,the legs of which are broken,is bein
26、g repaired now.The boss of the company,whose name was Mr Little,told the story about Ms King.The boss of the company told the story about.His name was Mr Little.HisThe boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.The boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his dep
27、artment.his复习定语从句中的关系副词复习定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,whywhen在定语从句中作时间状语，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词表示时间，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词表示地点，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.i
28、n whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是原因，相当于相当于“介词介词for+for+关系关系代词（代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason why she was late.It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.v1.-Do you know the man _B_is talking with your father？v-Yes，hes our headmaster.vA.he B.who C.which D.whomv2.Is this the r
29、iver _B_I can swim？vA.which B.in which C.that D.the onev3.This is the best hotel in the city _C_I know.vA.where B.which C.that D.itv4.Can you lend me the dictionary _A_the other day？vA.that you bought B.you bought itvC.that you bought it D.which you bought itv5.Anyone _C_with what I said may put up
30、you hands.vA.which agrees B.who agreevC.who agrees D.which agreev6.My watch is not the only thing _A_ is missing.vA.that B.it C.which D.whov7.The man _B_coat is black is waiting at the gatevA.whos B.whose C.that of which.v8.The girl _C_ is reading under the tree _my sister.vA.which；is B.whom；was C.w
31、ho；is D.who；wasv9.I love places _C_the people are really friendly.vA.that B.which C.where D.whov10.The world _D_ is made up of matter.vA.in that we live B.on which we livevC.where we live in D.we live in.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。v1.The first thing that you must do is to have a meal.v2.April 1st is the day which/that is called April Fools Day in the west.v3.The family who/that had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.v4.The house that/which we live in is very old.v5.Didnt you see the man who/whom/that I talked with just now？The End Thank you!