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1、The Attributive Clause定语从句的概念v在复合句复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从从句句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先先行词行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词关系词。二、定语从句的关系词v引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词（在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语）和关系副词（在定语从句中作状语），常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，全部格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。词 形先行词在句中作用关that人或物主,宾语
2、系which物主,宾语who人主,宾语代whom人宾语词Whose(=of whom/of which)人或物定语关When(=介词介词+which)时间状语系Where(=介词介词+which)地点状语副how方式状语词Why(=for which)原因状语三、定语从句的分类v依据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不行省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。四、关系代词的用法v1.that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不行省
3、略，作宾语可省略。例如：vMary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽宠爱和顺的音乐。（that作主语）vThe coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）v .that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine.It can fly.A plane is a machine that can fly.He is the man.I told you about him.He is the man(t
4、hat)I told you about.He is the man(that)I told you about.留意：介词提前时只能用留意：介词提前时只能用which 而不能用而不能用that。that 指人指人/物，作主语或宾语物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）A plane is a machine that can fly.Is this the library from which you borrow books?from that that和和which在指物的状况下一般都可以互换在指物的状况下一般都可以互换,但在下列状况下但在下列状况下,一般用一般用that而不用而
5、不用which。I am sure she has something(that)you can borrow.Ive read all the books that are not mine.This is the first book(that)he has read.This is the very book that belongs to him.(1)先行词为先行词为all,everything,nothing,something,anything,little,much 等不定代词时。等不定代词时。(2)先行词被先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,mu
6、ch等等 修饰时。修饰时。(3)先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。(4)先行词被先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last修饰时。修饰时。that和和which在指物的状况下一般都可以互换在指物的状况下一般都可以互换,但在下列状况下但在下列状况下,一般用一般用that而不用而不用which。v(5)先行词是先行词是who或或who引导的主句。引导的主句。Who is the girl that drove the car?Who that broke the window will be punished.v(6)主句以主句以The
7、re be 引导时引导时 There are 200 people that didnt know the thing.v(7)当先行词在定语从句中作当先行词在定语从句中作be表语時，关系表语時，关系代词用代词用that.She isnt the girl that she was 10 years ago.(8)当先行词是当先行词是which时，关系代词用时，关系代词用that.Which is the book that you bought last week?that和和which在指物的状况下一般都可以互换在指物的状况下一般都可以互换,但在下列状况下但在下列状况下,一般用一般用whi
8、ch而不用而不用that。va.先行词为that，those时，用which，而不用that.例如：vWhats that which is under the desk？在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？vb.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如：vThis is the room in which he lives.这是他居住的房间。vc.引导非限制性定语从句，用which，而不用that.例如：vTom came back，which made us happy.汤姆回来了，这使我们很兴奋 2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不行省略，作宾语可省略。v例如：
9、vThe building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站旁边的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）vThe film（which）we saw last night was wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）applethe redthe greenthe smallthe bigThe apple which is red is mine.The apple which is green is yours.The apple which is red is smallThe appl
10、e which is green is big.which 指物，指物，作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)These are the trees which were planted last year.This recorder（which）he is using ismade in Japan.Is this the library(which)you borrow books from?Is this the library from which you borrowbooks?Mrs.Clark is angry with the
11、 goat（山羊）（山羊）.The goat is eating her flowers.Mrs.Clark is angry with the goat which is eating her flowers.Can you lend me the book?You talked about it last night.Can you lend me the book(which)you talked about last night.Can you lend me the book about which you talked last night?Do you find the pen?
12、I wrote with it just now.Do you find the pen with which I wrote just now?Do you find the pen(which)I wrote with just now?3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语或宾语（与主语或宾语（与that指人时可替换）指人时可替换），whom只用作宾语宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。v例如：The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.常常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语，
13、不行省略）vShe know the nurse(who/whom/that)we met yesterday.他相识我们昨天见到的那位护士。（作宾语，可省略）1.who指人指人,作主语或宾语作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）作宾语可省略）The man who I talked with is our teacher.A person who steals things is called a thief.2.whom指人指人,作宾语作宾语 (作宾语可省略作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省如介词提前则不能省)The man(whom/who)I nodded to is Mr.Li.The man
14、to whom I nodded is Professor Li.3.当先行词是当先行词是those,she,he,they等代詞時等代詞時,关系代词用关系代词用who.Those who were late for class raise your hands.the handsomethe tallthe strong the cleverthe naughtyboyThe boy is Tom.The boy who is handsome is Tom.The boy who is tall is Tom.The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who
15、is clever is TomThe boy who is naughty is Tom.The boy is Tom.The boy is smiling.The boy is Tom.The boy has a round face.The boy who is smiling is Tom.(主语主语)The boy who has a round face is Tom.The boy is Tom.He sits in front of me.The man who sits in front of me is Tom.The man is kind.Everyone likes
16、him.The man(who)everyone likes is kind.(宾语宾语)The woman got the job.We saw her on the street.The woman(whom)we saw on the street got the job.The teacher will give us a talk.We met the teacher yesterday.The teacher(whom)we met yesterday will give us a talk.The boy is in the lab.You want to talk to him
17、.The boy(whom)you want to talk to is in the lab（试验室）（试验室）.The boy to whom you want to talk is in the lab.This is the boy.I sit behind him.This is the boy(whom)I sit behind.This is the boy behind whom I sit.The lady stepped on his foot.He was dancing with the lady.The lady(whom)he was dancing with st
18、epped on his foot.Do you know the man?You will visit him today.Do you know the man whom you will visit today?(1)The scientist is very famous in the world.We met her yesterday.The scientist we met yesterday is very famous who in the world.whom that(2)The dress is new.She is wearing it.The dress that
19、she is wearing is new.which (3)He is the kind person.I have ever worked with him.(4)This is the best film.I have ever seen this film.He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.who whom This is the best film that I have ever seen.留意留意v：（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词
20、+which/whom”结构。例如：vThis is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。vPlease tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告知我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。vv（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不行前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如：vThis is the person whom you are looking for.这就是你要找的那个人。v3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如：vThe city th
21、at she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市特殊远。限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句：My sister,who is twenty,works in a bank.The man who came here yesterday has come again.限制性定限制性定语语从句是先行从句是先行词词在意在意义义上不行缺少的定上不行缺少的定语语，假如去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意假如去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义义。这这种从种从句和主句关系特殊句和主句关系特殊亲亲密，密，写写时时不用逗号分开。不用逗号分开。非限制性定非
22、限制性定语语从句和主句关系不很从句和主句关系不很亲亲密，只是密，只是对对先先行行词词作些附加作些附加说说明，明，假如去掉，主句的意思照旧清晰。假如去掉，主句的意思照旧清晰。这这种从句，种从句，写写时时往往逗号分开。往往逗号分开。whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换运用。互换运用。This is the book whose cover is blue.This is the book of which the co
23、ver is blue.Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?Do you know the girl?Her hair is very short in our class.He is the student.I broke his pencil yesterday.He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday.Mr King,whose legs were badly hurt,was quickly taken to hospital.Mr King was
24、 quickly taken to hospital.Her legs were badly hurt.HerWe shall make a decision about Ms King,whose story I have told you.We shall make a decision about Ms King.I have told you her story.herThis teacher,with whose son I work,is liked by all the students.This teacher is liked by all the students.I wo
25、rk with her son.The chair is being repaired now.The legs of the chair are broken.The chair whose legs are broken isbeing repaired now.The chair,the legs of which are broken,is being repaired now.The boss of the company,whose name was Mr Little,told the story about Ms King.The boss of the company tol
26、d the story about.His name was Mr Little.HisThe boss in whose department Mr King worked had heard about the accident.The boss had heard about the accident.Mr King worked in his department.his复习定语从句中的关系副词复习定语从句中的关系副词：when,where,whywhen在定语从句中作时间状语，在定语从句中作时间状语，其先行词表示时间，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）
27、”。Ill never forget the day when I joined the league.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词表示地点，相当于相当于“介词介词+关系代词（关系代词（whichwhich）”。This is the house where I lived two years ago.in whichwhy在定语从句中作原因状语，在定语从句中作原因状语，其先行词是原因，相当于相当于“介词介词for+for+关系关系代词（代词（whichwhich）”。Do you know the reason why she was l
28、ate.It rained heavily,for which he was late for the class.v1.-Do you know the man _B_is talking with your father？v-Yes，hes our headmaster.vA.he B.who C.which D.whomv2.Is this the river _B_I can swim？vA.which B.in which C.that D.the onev3.This is the best hotel in the city _C_I know.vA.where B.which
29、C.that D.itv4.Can you lend me the dictionary _A_the other day？vA.that you bought B.you bought itvC.that you bought it D.which you bought itv5.Anyone _C_with what I said may put up you hands.vA.which agrees B.who agreevC.who agrees D.which agreev6.My watch is not the only thing _A_ is missing.vA.that
30、 B.it C.which D.whov7.The man _B_coat is black is waiting at the gatevA.whos B.whose C.that of which.v8.The girl _C_ is reading under the tree _my sister.vA.which；is B.whom；was C.who；is D.who；wasv9.I love places _C_the people are really friendly.vA.that B.which C.where D.whov10.The world _D_ is made
31、 up of matter.vA.in that we live B.on which we livevC.where we live in D.we live in.用适当的关系代词that，which，who，whom填空。v1.The first thing that you must do is to have a meal.v2.April 1st is the day which/that is called April Fools Day in the west.v3.The family who/that had lost everything in a big fire go
32、t much help from their friends.v4.The house that/which we live in is very old.v5.Didnt you see the man who/whom/that I talked with just now？The End Thank you!非繁城品 :/dev.platenogroup /branddtl/27 非繁城品 mgh92nei 们成婚的那日，他就被她深深地吸引，自然而言地，他会想怎么称呼她就怎么称呼她，淑清，清儿，小清，没有定式，随他的心情或是临场发挥。惜月恒久对他微微地笑着，而且她总是对他自称“惜月”，很
33、少用“妾身”来自称，他也就随着她，将她称呼为“惜月”。还有壹个人，也是因为惜月，才称呼她的闺名，韵音，因为她们两个常常形影不离，他总能从惜月的口中听到“韵音”这两个字，因此也就自然而然地称呼耿格格为“韵音”。但是福晋不壹样！从他成婚的那时起，他就知道，她是跟其它的诸人有着本质的不同，不论从前、以后他再有多少诸人，她恒久是他的嫡福晋，对他而言，嫡福晋是壹个特殊慎重的称谓，不容轻视、亵渎，因此在他的心目中，嫡福晋是端庄的代名词，嫡福晋只能满怀敬重不能荣宠。宠只能用于侧室，正室是用来敬重的。这么多年都过来了，他不明白，今日福晋为什么跟他探讨起闺名的事情来。他尊她、敬她，这是王府全部诸人都不能享有的殊
34、荣，她还有什么不满足吗？第壹卷 第八十四章 躲闪望着福晋热切灼人、紧紧相追的目光，他的目光却起先左右躲闪，竭力想要躲避。在他的心目中，福晋恒久都是这王府壹家主母的象征，她这二十年来的表现也壹直与她的嫡福晋的身份甚为相符！对此，他特殊满足这个福晋。现在，面对今日这个有点儿与以往不太壹样的福晋，他实在是想象不出来，假如人高马大的福晋也像柔若杨柳的淑清那样，娇滴滴地与他说话将会是壹副怎样的场景？他胆怯这个结果的出现，于是赶快先发制人：“福晋今日找爷过来，不只是探讨闺名的事情吧？还有什么别的事情吗？”雅思琦壹听爷这番话出口，立刻有壹种被爷窥探到自己心中隐秘的感觉，脸上壹阵壹阵地发烧，神情也紧跟着不自然
35、起来，惊惶中，赶快别过脸，转身拿起壹张纸，上面有壹些她勾勾划划的东西。他远远地瞟了壹眼，尽然半天没有看明白什么意思。王爷当然看不明白福晋的纸上都画了些什么，因为雅思琦几乎不怎么识字，那纸上连画带描地标注的东西，也只有雅思琦自己才能明白每壹个符号都代表什么意思。雅思琦见爷看她手中的纸张都是刻意地保持着距离，这个状况令她特殊尴尬。她与爷，真就这么渐行渐远，只剩下了夫妻的名分，恒久也无法找寻回来曾经的夫妻之情？想到这里，福晋难过不已，可是她再难过又能如何？她还是要壹如既往地担当起嫡福晋的职责，不遗余力地操持王府里大大小小的事务。她是嫡福晋，她别无选择。认清了形势，想明白了道理，雅思琦只得收捡起伤感的
36、心情，待回了回神儿后，开口说道：“爷，后天冰凝妹妹要归宁，汉人管这个叫回门吧？妾身这几天拟了壹个礼单，不知道爷意下如何？”“嗯，全凭福晋做主就可以了。这些事情，爷就不管了。”“要不，妾身给爷叨念两句？”“福晋要是没有别的事情，爷就去处理公务了。”“那爷后天是不是陪冰凝妹妹回门呢？”“后天衙门里有事情，早就约好了的。”“那妾身就按这个准备回门礼了。”“感谢福晋，早些休息，明日再弄吧，别累坏了身子。”“感谢爷。”“福晋多保重。”说完这话，他看也没看福晋，逃也似地离开霞光苑，干脆回了朗吟阁。坐在书桌后的椅子上，他照旧没有回过神儿来，福晋这是怎么了？莫非是前几天与年氏成婚的事情而不兴奋？不应当的！自己
37、对年氏如何，别人谁都可以不清晰，她这个福晋却是应当最清晰的！她没有道理吃这个醋。因为玉盈姑娘？不行能！自己壹直做得很隐藏，而且玉盈姑娘只单独来过府里两次，然后他就再也没有约过她，福晋不应当知道玉盈的。而且他知道这些天，玉盈也在为妹妹的婚事而惊惶张碌着，还要承受心中的这番苦痛，他说过会想出万全之策，他也说过要她等他，他是说到做到的人。那么福晋为什么变得他就快要不相识了呢？此时，他的心中全是玉盈姑娘，实在是不行能再容下别的什么人，更不要说是诸人。成婚的其次天，淑清的丫环菊香请了他好几次，他只得从福晋那里出来后，又去淑清的院子劝慰了几句，淑清梨花带雨的样子看得他于心不忍，于是又多呆了壹会儿，直到她停
38、止了抽泣才离去。这些天来，他的心里实在是太不痛快，因此他谁也不想见，只想自己壹个人清静清静。第壹卷 第八十五章 归宁今日是冰凝与王爷成婚的第九日，是她归宁的日子。至于备的什么礼，爷连听都没有听，无奈，雅思琦只得依据自己当时的想法，又跟王府总管苏培盛提了几句，见苏培盛也没有什么异议，就让他提前去准备好。虽然爷壹直表现出壹副对冰凝不理不睬，甚至是完全冷淡的看法，貌似目前暂无大害，但雅思琦总觉得事情不会这么简洁，只是现在没有看出来什么状况而已。因此她就来了壹个公事公办：该有的，断不会少了冰凝的，不该有的，也绝不会轮到冰凝的头上。就似乎这个回门的礼单，壹切照章办事，既没有特殊的出彩，也没有失了王府的风光。总之，壹点儿毛病也挑不出来。前壹天，冰凝又将负责礼仪的蒋嬷嬷请到屋里来，具体了解了王府关于归宁的诸多留意事项，冰凝听来听去，发觉最核心的事项也就是那七个字：巳宴，偕还，不逾午。第壹条和第三条都好说，其次条呢，从前几天的情形来看，爷应当不会随自己壹同归宁的。连去自己额娘德妃娘娘那里都没有随行，怎么可能去岳父母家？送走了蒋嬷嬷，冰凝将吟雪和月影叫到了跟前：“吟雪，月