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1、高考英语高考英语 长难句分析长难句分析 (2017全国全国III卷卷D篇篇)For many older people who lived in the country,driving was very important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out without having to rely on others.句子种类句子种类 简单句简单句 并列句并列句 复合句复合句 1)We took pity on the people in the disaster-hit area in
2、 Yushu and many students raised money for them.2)Having suffered a number of health problems,former Olympic President Samaranch died on April 21 in Barcelona.3)The Internet is an exciting tool that not only puts vast information at your fingertips but expands options.简单句简单句 复合复合并列句并列句 Samaranch died
3、m句句 子子判判 断断简单句简单句并列句并列句复合句复合句主主 干干并列并列连词连词从属从属连词连词 结构分析法结构分析法明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。明晰句子结构，把握句子的基本框架。A.A.判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；B.B.找出句子的主干成分找出句子的主干成分(主语和谓语主语和谓语)，分清，分清 句子附属成分，理解句子大意。句子附属成分，理解句子大意。C C.层层分析，层层剥离。层层分析，层层剥离。句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环句子较长，一个从句套着另一个从句，环环相扣。不管句子有多长有多复杂，它只由两部分相扣。不管句子有多长有多复
4、杂，它只由两部分构成，即构成，即主干主干和和修饰成分修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指架，主要指主谓宾主谓宾结构或结构或主系表主系表结构。而修饰成结构。而修饰成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是是单词单词，也可以是，也可以是短语短语，更常见的则是，更常见的则是从句从句，尤，尤其是其是定语从句定语从句和和状语从句状语从句。我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，我们应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。prepositional phr
5、ases （介短）（介短）clauses （从句）（从句）non-predicate verbs （非谓语）非谓语）A long sentence1.trunk(主干部分主干部分):S.+V.+(O.)2.modifiers 修饰语部分修饰语部分3.parallel structures （并列结构）（并列结构）(A and/or B;A,B,and/or C)小结：长难句体验：长难句体验：4)The opinion that breakfast is the most vital meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing numb
6、er of people from big cities are surprised to learn that there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health.The opinion that breakfast is the most basic meal of the day is so widespread that an increasing number of people are surprised to learn that
7、 there is a lack of scientific evidence showing how breakfast may directly cause changes in our health .一划，二括，三会意一划，二括，三会意)()5)Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers,almost three times the number hired last year,to help reduce unemployment
8、 pressures.(2009 江苏江苏)介词短语作定语介词短语作定语时间状语时间状语介词短语作状语介词短语作状语过去分词做定语过去分词做定语定语定语1.带有较多成分的简单句带有较多成分的简单句 不定式做目的状语不定式做目的状语 去枝叶，留主干。去枝叶，留主干。2.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句6)Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage，it wasnt unusual to hear a man say that he did
9、nt know that his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.(NMET2001.E篇篇)找从属连词找从属连词,分析从句分析从句,理解句意。理解句意。7)If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language,you will get answers like“Shakespeare”,“Sam
10、uel Johnson”,and“Webster”,but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak EnglishWilliam,the Conqueror.(2001全国卷全国卷I,D篇篇)3.含有插入语的句子含有插入语的句子这种句子的特点是在正常的这种句子的特点是在正常的句子中句子中插入插入一些或长或短的一些或长或短的成分或句子成分或句子，比如，比如同位语（从句）、同位语（从句）、非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插非限制性定语从句、状语从句、分词、插入语等等入语等等，打断
11、读者的思路，割裂前后之，打断读者的思路，割裂前后之间的语义，造成理解上的困难。有时有间的语义，造成理解上的困难。有时有逗逗号或破折号号或破折号分开。分开。忽略插入成分忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题直奔句子主题.8)The lack of right male(男性的男性的)role models in many of their lives at home and particularly in the school environment means that their peers are the only people they have to judge themselves agains
12、t.(2008辽宁卷辽宁卷C篇篇)译文：在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其译文：在他们很多人的生活中，如在家里，尤其 是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意是在学校，缺少合适的男性榜样，这就意 味着他们只好对照自己的味着他们只好对照自己的同龄人同龄人来评判自己。来评判自己。9)Science has become so important in the modern world,with its procedures so highly standardized and so widely accepted,that it is included among modern social ins
13、titutions.随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广随着科学研究程序达到高度标准化并被广泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此泛接受，在当今世界上，科学已变得如此重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。重要，以至被纳入现代社会制度之中。4.成分省略成分省略 10)The magazine is male-targeting because young guys generally wont pick up a magazine that appears to be directed at females,whereas girls usually will.把握大意把握大意,找出上文对应信息找出上
14、文对应信息,补充省略成分补充省略成分11)Before 1066,in the land we now call Great Britain lived peoples belonging to two major language groups.（NMET2001D篇）篇）5.倒装句倒装句确定主语确定主语,调整语序调整语序,把握大意把握大意.长难句之长难句之 方法总结篇方法总结篇 1.带有较多成分的简单句带有较多成分的简单句-去枝叶，留主干。去枝叶，留主干。2.含有多个从句的复合句含有多个从句的复合句 -找从属连词找从属连词,分析从句分析从句,理解句意。理解句意。3.含有插入成分的句子含有插
15、入成分的句子 -忽略插入成分忽略插入成分,直奔句子主题。直奔句子主题。4.倒装句倒装句-确定主语确定主语,调整语序调整语序,把握大意。把握大意。5.成分省略成分省略 -把握大意把握大意,找出对应信息找出对应信息,补充省略成分。补充省略成分。12)Mobile phone SIM cards which are put in the collars(项圈项圈)of elephants automatically send a text message when they get too close to farms,allowing wildlife workers to drive them
16、off rather than shoot them.长难句之小试牛刀长难句之小试牛刀 Practice13)Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get.(2017年全国年全国II卷卷)What does a plant do when it is under attack?A.It make
17、s noise.B.It gets help from other plants.C.It stands quietly.D.It sends out certain chemicals.长难句之小试牛刀长难句之小试牛刀 Practice14)In his first years of high school,he would look pityingly at music students,36 across the campus with their heavy instrument cases,turning up at school for practice hours before
18、anyone else had to be there.(2017年江苏卷完形填空年江苏卷完形填空)36.A.traveling B.marching C.pacing D.struggling长难句之小试牛刀长难句之小试牛刀 Practice15)Two of the authors of the review made a study published in 2014 _ showed a 5 to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.
19、(2018全国全国I卷语法填空卷语法填空)()()()长难句之小试牛刀长难句之小试牛刀 Practicethat/which16)In an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizations,including UNESCO and National Geographic,have for many years been recording dying languages and the culture they reflect.(2014年全国年全国I卷卷D篇篇)Many scholars are
20、making efforts to _A.promote global languages.B.rescue the disappearing languages.C.search for languages communities.D.set up languages research organizations.17)The most hopeful data shared in the report shows clear evidence of parents serving as examples and important guides for their kids when it
21、 comes to reading.(2018年全国年全国II卷卷 阅读阅读C)How should parents encourage their children to read more?A.Act as role models for them.B.Ask them to write book reports.C.Set up reading groups for them.D.Talk with their reading class teachers.We all know that choice is more important than effort,but few of us know that effort is the most important choice.