《高考英语语法高分讲义：语法填空解题技巧.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语语法高分讲义：语法填空解题技巧.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在taowenge.com淘文阁网|工程机械CAD图纸|机械工程制图|CAD装配图下载|SolidWorks_CaTia_CAD_UG_PROE_设计图分享下载上搜索。
1、高考英语语法高分讲义：语法填空解题技巧有提示词给出提示词一般就是在考察大家对单词形式变化的掌握水平，以下根据已给的提示词词性，分享解题技巧。1. 已给名词名词变化主要就是名词的单复数形式、所有格的变化。考察名词单复数常考不规则变化。比如child children, tooth teeth, man men, foot feet。There are many students living at school, the _(child) houses are all far from school【从前文的students 判断child 应该为复数，空格后有houses，应该用所有格形式ch
2、ildrens】还要注意一些特殊的复数名词，如财产belongings, 祝贺congratulations, 环境surroundings, 发现findings 等。所有格常考复数名词的所有格：以s结尾的复数名词直接加 ，其余加 s 。_(student) college experience is his or her own, and the student must put his or her education first.【这里是指学生的教育，应用Students】此外还有词性的转变，通常给名词转为形容词。We are so proud of her. Its_(wonder)
3、.【很明显，从这里的句子成分可看出，be动词之后跟形容词，应为wonderful】2. 已给动词动词的变化形式有很多，常考谓语的变化和非谓语的变化。判断是谓语还是非谓语，记住一句话：一个句子只有一个谓语动词，如果出现两个，那必有一个是非谓语。非谓语中主动用v.-ing，被动用v.-ed，表示目的用to do，需要根据句意去判断。Marys sister, Frances Todd Wallace, often came over_（plant）flowers in the front yard.【这里是说“华莱士经常来院里种花”，这个空是表示目的状语，应该填to plant】Activitie
4、s there range from whale watching to hikingand accommodations aim_(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【固定搭配短语aim to do译为“旨在，目的是”，此处应填to have】常见固定搭配1. 介词后+doing常考介词为：by, for, in, with, without, of, after, from 等2. 常见的+todo的动词决心学会想希望(decide/ determine，learn，want，expect/ hope/ wish)拒绝设法愿假装(r
5、efuse, manage, care, pretend)主动答应选计划(offer, promise, choose, plan)同意请求帮一帮(agree, ask/beg, help)3. 常见的+doing的动词避免错过少延期(avoid, miss, delay)建议完成多练习(suggest, finish, practice)喜欢想象禁不住(enjoy, imagine, canthelp)承认否定与妒忌(admit, deny, envy)逃脱冒险莫原谅(escape, risk, pardon)忍受保持不在意(stand, keep, mind)。4. 必背的固定搭配【to
6、do】be likely to do sth.很可能做某事be designed to do sth.被设计用来做某事be intended to do sth.打算做某事be to blame应受责备(无被动)can hardly/cant wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。It takes sb.some time to do sth.某人花多少时间做某事。sb./sth.be said/supposed/believed/thought/known/reported to do/to be done/to h
7、ave done据说/认为/报道某人/某物It remains to be seen.尚待分晓；拭目以待主语beadj.to do句型适用于此结构的形容词有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，comfortable，safe，dangerous等。【doing】be (well) worth doing sth.值得做某事cant help doing sth.情不自禁做某事have fun doing sth.做某事很开心feel like doing sth.想做某事Its no use/g
8、ood/pleasure (in) doing sth.做某事没有用处/好处/乐趣have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事spend money/time (in) doing sth.花费金钱/时间做某事prevent/stop.(from) doing sth.阻止做某事There is no sense/point (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义谓语动词的考察包括时态(过去、现在、将来)、语态(主动、被动)和主谓一致。The little home_ （paint）wh
9、ite.【这里是指“房子被漆成白色”，是被动语态。但短文中的是一般过去时态，所以此处应为was painted】动词偶尔也会考察词性转化，通常是考察动词转变为名词。In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a_(believe) that populations are increasing.【从空格前后的a 和that 可判断出此处应为名词belief】3. 已给形容词或副词语法填空括号中
10、给出形容词和副词，大多数情况是为了考察词的比较级和最高级。尤其是句子出现标志性词汇：much, even, a little, than, of all等，那此处绝对是考察级的变化。词汇构成比较级和最高级的方式是加后缀-er和-est，或是在词前加more/ less和most/ least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。I am_(tall)than Liu Wen. I am the tallest student in my class【此题后句交代了我是班上最高的学生，那确定我比刘文高，所以用taller】形容词也会考察词性转变，通常是形容词向副词转化。判断空格是否是副词，可以看空格
11、前后的情况。若是“_+v./v.+_”, “_+adj.”, “(句首)_，”，这些位置都能判断空格为副词。The birds are _(additional) protected in the reserves at Birsay.【空格后是动词，根据adv.+v. 可判断此处为形容词，应为additionally】4. 代词代词考察的形式变化通常是通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类。即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。会考察主格与宾格之间的转换，人称代词与反身代词之间的转换。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one/none、other/another
12、等。The king decided to see the painter by _(he).【从介词by 可以看出，横线处应该是填反身代词himself】5. 数词数词的变化形式包括基数词、序数词的基本写法，后缀-teen、-ty 的变化，以及一些特殊形式变化once/twice。He is the _ (five) person to ask me the same question.【这句话的意思是指“他是第五个问我相同问题的人”，此处应该用序数词fifth】无提示词语法填空中的无提示词，一般就是直接给空“_”，后面没有给出括号加提示词，那要填什么呢？无提示词的填空一般情况会填这3种：冠
13、词，介词，连词。1. 冠词语法填空中出现“_ +(adj.) n.” 这种形式，那这个空所填的就是冠词。冠词只有三个：a/an, the。要是这个名词是第1次出现在文中，那这个空大概率填a/an，表示泛指。填a还是an 就得根据后面的词元辅音去判断。The gentleman is _ expert in language teaching.【expert 是以元音音素开头的词，用an】要是前文已经出现过这个名词，那这个空基本上就是the了，表示特指。除了根据名词出现次数判断，还有固定搭配和一些本来就是特指的情况，就得靠大家平时多积累。_Lincolns enlarged the house
14、to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.【the + 姓氏复数表示一家人或夫妇，这里要用The】2. 介词想判断这个空是不是填介词，可以看是不是出现“_ +(冠词)+(adj.)+n.”，再判断句子成分。句子中不缺主语或者表语，动词后又不缺宾语，那名词前的空就是要填介词。介词考查的是介词基本用法和介词惯用搭配，常用的介词有in, at, on, for, before, during等。I was searching_these three western lowland gorillas
15、Id been observing.【固定搭配 search for，意为寻找 】固定搭配在语法填空中很常考，建议大家平时做题时，准备个小本子，把固定搭配都记下来，考前过两三遍，不容易出错。3. 连词语法填空考察的连词有两种，一种是并列连词：and, but, or, so, however, therefore等。要是在空格是“_，”，注意这个逗号，有它就能锁定是however 或therefore，再根据上下文意思确定用哪个就OK。还有关联短语too. to., bothand., eitheror., neithernor., not onlybut also.等。另一种是从属连词：al
16、though, because, if/unless, before/after，以及从句连接词。前面的那些连词，大家其实判断一下句意就能推导出填空内容，让许多同学头疼的应该是定语从句的连接词。虽然定语从句考察的内容虽然看起来又杂又难，但其实无非常考的就几种：给出“，_+句子”，逗号后不能用that，考察which引导的非限制性定语从句，很常考。Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Maccles field,_ she opened with her late husband Les.【which
17、引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词the pet shop，which在从句中作opened的宾语】给出“ 介词 +_+句子”，介词后不能用that，考察介词+which/whom引导的定语从句。Many lessons are now available online, from_students can choose for free.【“介词关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是many lessons(指物)，关系代词用which】给出“_+句子”，若句子“主谓宾”成分完整，用抽象地名做先行词用where，用时间则用when。We have entered into an age
18、_dreams have the best chance of coming true.【句中先行词为an age(一个时代)，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词when】考察同位语从句和定语从句的区别，只用that不用which的情况，但是考察很少。1. 非限制性定语从句给出“，_+句子”，先行词后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词往往是代替整句话。表示“这一点，这件事”，用which引导，绝对不能用that。as 引导非限制性定语从句，表示“正如”，常见结构有：as is well known众所周知as is often the case情况常常如此as is reported
19、 正如报道的那样2. 用when/ why/ where 引导的定语从句There was a time when.曾经有一段的时光Days are gone when.的时光一去不复返The reason why.is that.的原因是ps:stage/ point/ case/ situation/ scene/ degree 等抽象意义的地点名词作先行词时，若从句成分完整，则关系词用where；若从句缺少主宾成分，则关系词用that/which。3. 只用that不能用which的情况不定代词 anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few,
20、 any, little为先行词时；Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.(最终，小偷偷的所有东西全部交给了警察)先行词为 the only, the very, the just时；He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.(他从水中救起了那个女孩)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词或最高级时；The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain.(我读的第一本书是马克吐温写的王子与贫儿)先行词既有人又有物时；He talked about the teachers and school that he visited.(他在讲他以前访问过的学校和老师)当主句是以who或which开始的特殊疑问句时，为避免重复用that；Who is the person that is standing at the gate?(那个站在门口的人是谁？)关系代词作表语时；He is not the man that he used to be.(他以前不是这样的人)学科网（北京）股份有限公司